Après Party honey™

Clincial References

Clinical evidence of the ingredients found in this product. These are public domain references and do not relate directly to our product.

• Abd Ghafar N, Ker-Woon C, Hui CK, Mohd Yusof YA, Wan Ngah WZ. Acacia honey accelerates in vitro corneal ulcer wound healing model. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Jul 29;16:259. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1248-0. PMID: 27473120; PMCID: PMC4966736.
• Abdel Fattah, E. A., Hashem, H. E., Ahmed, F. A., Ghallab, M. A., Varga, I., and Polak, S. Prophylactic role of curcumin against cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity: Histological and immunohistological study. Gen.Physiol Biophys. 2010;29(1):85-94.
• Abdel Halim, A. S. Efficacy of Zingiber officinale on third stage larvae and adult fecundity of Musca domestica and Anopheles pharoensis. J Egypt Soc.Parasitol. 2008;38(2):385-392.
• Abdel-Aziz, H., Nahrstedt, A., Petereit, F., Windeck, T., Ploch, M., and Verspohl, E. J. 5-HT3 receptor blocking activity of arylalkanes isolated from the rhizome of Zingiber officinale. Planta Med 2005;71(7):609-616.
• Abdel-Aziz, H., Windeck, T., Ploch, M., and Verspohl, E. J. Mode of action of gingerols and shogaols on 5-HT3 receptors: binding studies, cation uptake by the receptor channel and contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum. Eur.J Pharmacol. 1-13-2006;530(1-2):136-143.
• Abebe W. Herbal medication: potential for adverse interactions with analgesic drugs. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2002;27:391-401.
• Abedi P, Najafian M, Yaralizadeh M, Namjoyan F. Effect of fennel vaginal cream on sexual function in postmenopausal women: A double blind randomized controlled trial. J Med Life. 2018;11(1):24-28.
• Abidi A, Gupta S, Agarwal M, Bhalla HL, Saluja M. Evaluation of Efficacy of Curcumin as an Add-on therapy in Patients of Bronchial Asthma. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(8):HC19-24.
• Aboras SI, Korany MA, El-Yazbi AF, Ragab MAA, Abdine HH. In-depth investigation of the Silymarin effect on the pharmacokinetic parameters of sofosbuvir, GS-331007 and ledipasvir in rat plasma using LC-MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2022;36(9):e5427.
• Abraham, S. K., Sarma, L., and Kesavan, P. C. Protective effects of chlorogenic acid, curcumin and beta-carotene against gamma-radiation-induced in vivo chromosomal damage. Mutat.Res 1993;303(3):109-112.
• Abramson, C. I., Wanderley, P. A., Wanderley, M. J., Silva, J. C., and Michaluk, L. M. The effect of essential oils of sweet fennel and pignut on mortality and learning in africanized honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Neotrop.Entomol. 2007;36(6):828-835.
• Adam, B., Liebregts, T., Best, J., Bechmann, L., Lackner, C., Neumann, J., Koehler, S., and Holtmann, G. A combination of peppermint oil and caraway oil attenuates the post-inflammatory visceral hyperalgesia in a rat model. Scand.J Gastroenterol. 2006;41(2):155-160.
• Adhvaryu, M. R., Reddy, N., and Vakharia, B. C. Prevention of hepatotoxicity due to anti tuberculosis treatment: a novel integrative approach. World J Gastroenterol. 8-14-2008;14(30):4753-4762.
• Adib Rad H, Basirat Z, Bakouei F, et al. Effect of Ginger and Novafen on menstrual pain: A cross-over trial. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Dec;57(6):806-809. doi: 10.1016/j.tjog.2018.10.006.
• Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee. An adverse reaction to the herbal medication milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Med J Aust 1999;170:218-9.
• Aeschbach R, Loliger J, Scott BC. Antioxidant actions of thymol, carvacrol, 6-gingerol, zingerone and hydroxytyrosol. Food Chem Toxicol 1994;32:31-6.
• Agarwal, K. A., Tripathi, C. D., Agarwal, B. B., and Saluja, S. Efficacy of turmeric (curcumin) in pain and postoperative fatigue after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled study. Surg Endosc. 6-14-2011.
• Agarwal, R., Gupta, S. K., Agrawal, S. S., Srivastava, S., and Saxena, R. Oculohypotensive effects of foeniculum vulgare in experimental models of glaucoma. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2008;52(1):77-83.
• Agarwal, V., Lal, P., and Pruthi, V. Prevention of Candida albicans biofilm by plant oils. Mycopathologia 2008;165(1):13-19.
• Aggarwal, B. B. and Shishodia, S. Molecular targets of dietary agents for prevention and therapy of cancer. Biochem.Pharmacol 5-14-2006;71(10):1397-1421.
• Aggarwal, B. B. and Shishodia, S. Suppression of the nuclear factor-kappaB activation pathway by spice-derived phytochemicals: reasoning for seasoning. Ann.N.Y Acad.Sci. 2004;1030:434-441.
• Aggarwal, B. B., Kunnumakkara, A. B., Harikumar, K. B., Tharakan, S. T., Sung, B., and Anand, P. Potential of spice-derived phytochemicals for cancer prevention. Planta Med 2008;74(13):1560-1569.
• Agrawal, D. K., Saikia, D., Tiwari, R., Ojha, S., Shanker, K., Kumar, J. K., Gupta, A. K., Tandon, S., Negi, A. S., and Khanuja, S. P. Demethoxycurcumin and its semisynthetic analogues as antitubercular agents. Planta Med. 2008;74(15):1828-1831.
• Ahad A, Raish M, Abdelrahman IA, et al. Changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of losartan in experimental diseased rats treated with Curcuma longa and Lepidium sativum. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022;16(1):33.
• Ahad A, Raish M, Bin Jardan YA, Alam MA, Al-Mohizea AM, Al-Jenoobi FI. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale on the antihypertensive activity and pharmacokinetic of losartan in hypertensive rats. Xenobiotica. 2020:1-11.
• Ahmadi R, Salari S, Sharifi MD, et al. Oral nano-curcumin formulation efficacy in the management of mild to moderate outpatient COVID-19: A randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Food Sci Nutr 2021;9(8):4068-4075.
• Ahmadi Y, Rezaei J, Rezaei M, Khatony A. Comparison of the Effect of Inhalation Aromatherapy with 10% and 30% Peppermint Essential Oils on the Severity of Nausea in Abdominal Surgery Patients. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020;2020:5897465.
• Ahmed S, Ullah N, Parveen S, et al. Effect of Silymarin as an Adjunct Therapy in Combination with Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin in Hepatitis C Patients: A Miniature Clinical Trial. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022;2022:9199190.
• Ahmed, T. and Gilani, A. H. Inhibitory effect of curcuminoids on acetylcholinesterase activity and attenuation of scopolamine-induced amnesia may explain medicinal use of turmeric in Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmacol Biochem.Behav. 2009;91(4):554-559.
• Ahmed, T., Enam, S. A., and Gilani, A. H. Curcuminoids enhance memory in an amyloid-infused rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroscience 6-9-2010;
• Ahmed, T., Gilani, A. H., Hosseinmardi, N., Semnanian, S., Enam, S. A., and Fathollahi, Y. Curcuminoids rescue long-term potentiation impaired by amyloid peptide in rat hippocampal slices. Synapse 2011;65(7):572-582.
• Ahui, M. L., Champy, P., Ramadan, A., Pham, Van L., Araujo, L., Brou, Andre K., Diem, S., Damotte, D., Kati-Coulibaly, S., Offoumou, M. A., Dy, M., Thieblemont, N., and Herbelin, A. Ginger prevents Th2-mediated immune responses in a mouse model of airway inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol. 12-10-2008;8(12):1626-1632.
• Akbari F, Rezaei M, Khatony A. Effect of peppermint essence on the pain and anxiety caused by intravenous catheterization in cardiac patients: A randomized controlled trial. J Pain Res. 2019;12:2933-2939.
• Akbarzadeh E, Heydari M, Atarzadeh F, Jaladat AM. Chronic dysuria following ginger (Zingiber officinale) use: a case report. Galen Med J 2018;7:e1086.
• Akbay, P., Calis, I., Undeger, U., Basaran, N., and Basaran, A. A. In vitro immunomodulatory activity of verbascoside from Nepeta ucrainica L. Phytother Res 2002;16(6):593-595.
• Akdogan M, Ozguner M, Aydin G, Gokalp O. Investigation of biochemical and histopathological effects of Mentha piperita Labiatae and Mentha spicata Labiatae on liver tissue in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2004;23:21-8.
• Akdogan M, Ozguner M, Kocak A, et al. Effects of peppermint teas on plasma testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone levels and testicular tissue in rats. Urology 2004;64:394-8.
• Akdogan, M., Gultekin, F., and Yontem, M. Effect of Mentha piperita (Labiatae) and Mentha spicata (Labiatae) on iron absorption in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2004;20(6-10):119-122.
• Akhani SP, Vishwakarma SL, Goyal RK. Anti-diabetic activity of Zingiber officinale in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2004;56:101-5.
• Akhavan Amjadi M, Mojab F, Kamranpour SB. The effect of peppermint oil on symptomatic treatment of pruritus in pregnant women. Iran J Pharm Res. 2012 Fall;11(4):1073-7.
• Aktan, F., Henness, S., Tran, V. H., Duke, C. C., Roufogalis, B. D., and Ammit, A. J. Gingerol metabolite and a synthetic analogue Capsarol inhibit macrophage NF-kappaB-mediated iNOS gene expression and enzyme activity. Planta Med 2006;72(8):727-734.
• al Yahya, M. A., Rafatullah, S., Mossa, J. S., Ageel, A. M., Parmar, N. S., and Tariq, M. Gastroprotective activity of ginger zingiber officinale rosc., in albino rats. Am.J Chin Med. 1989;17(1-2):51-56.
• Al Zanbagi, N. A. and Zelai, N. T. Two methods for attenuating Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites RH strain by using ethanol extract of Curcuma longa. J Egypt Soc.Parasitol. 2008;38(3):965-976.
• Al-Amin ZM, Thomson M, Al-Qattan KK, et al. Anti-diabetic and hypolipidaemic properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Br J Nutr. 2006;96:660-6.
• Al-Karawi D, Al Mamoori DA, Tayyar Y. The role of curcumin administration in patients with major depressive disorder: Mini meta-analysis of clinical trials. Phytother Res. 2016;30(2):175-83.
• Al-Maweri SA, Alhajj MN, Deshisha EA, et al. Curcumin mouthwashes versus chlorhexidine in controlling plaque and gingivitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Dent Hyg. 2021.
• Alam MA, Bin Jardan YA, Alzenaidy B, et al. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amlodipine. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021;73(9):1151-60.
• Alam MA, Bin Jardan YA, Raish M, Al-Mohizea AM, Ahad A, Al-Jenoobi FI. Herb-drug interaction: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-hypertensive drug amlodipine besylate in presence of lepidium sativum and curcuma longa. Xenobiotica 2022;1-9.
• Alam, M. S., Roy, P. K., Miah, A. R., Mollick, S. H., Khan, M. R., Mahmud, M. C., and Khatun, S. Efficacy of Peppermint oil in diarrhea predominant. Mymensingh.Med.J 2013;22(1):27-30.
• Alammar N, Wang L, Saberi B, et al. The impact of peppermint oil on the irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis of the pooled clinical data. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019;19(1):21.
• Alazadeh M, Azadbakht M, Niksolat F, et al. Effect of sweet fennel seed extract capsule on knee pain in women with knee osteoarthritis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2020;40:101219.
• Alexandrovich, I., Rakovitskaya, O., Kolmo, E., Sidorova, T., and Shushunov, S. The effect of fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare) seed oil emulsion in infantile colic: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Altern.Ther.Health Med. 2003;9(4):58-61.
• Ali, B. H., Al Wabel, N., Mahmoud, O., Mousa, H. M., and Hashad, M. Curcumin has a palliative action on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Fundam.Clin Pharmacol 2005;19(4):473-477.
• Aliyu M, Odunola OA, Farooq AD, Rasheed H, Mesaik AM, Choudhary MI, Channa IS, Khan SA, Erukainure OL. Molecular mechanism of antiproliferation potential of Acacia honey on NCI-H460 cell line. Nutr Cancer. 2013;65(2):296-304. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2013.756920. PMID: 23441617.
• Alizadeh-Navaei R, Roozbeh F, Saravi M, et al. Investigation of the effect of ginger on the lipid levels. A double blind controlled clinical trial. Saudi Med J. 2008;29:1280-4.
• Allain, H., Schuck, S., Lebreton, S., Strenge-Hesse, A., Braun, W., Gandon, J. M., and Brissot, P. Aminotransferase levels and silymarin in de novo tacrine-treated patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Dement.Geriatr.Cogn Disord. 1999;10(3):181-185.
• Allam, G. Immunomodulatory effects of curcumin treatment on murine schistosomiasis mansoni. Immunobiology 2009;214(8):712-727.
• Allegri P, Rosa R, Masala A, et al. Clinical effectiveness of a new oral curcumin formulation in acute non-infectious uveitic macular edema: a 12-month observational study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022;26(1):46-53.
• Allen, S. W., Mueller, L., Williams, S. N., Quattrochi, L. C., and Raucy, J. The use of a high-volume screening procedure to assess the effects of dietary flavonoids on human cyp1a1 expression. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001;29(8):1074-1079.
• Aller R, Izaola O, Gómez S, et al. Effect of silymarin plus vitamin E in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. A randomized clinical pilot study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2015;19(16):3118-24.
• Altman RD, Marcussen KC. Effects of ginger extract on knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:2531-38.
• Altobelli E, Angeletti PM, Marziliano C, Mastrodomenico M, Giuliani AR, Petrocelli R. Potential therapeutic effects of curcumin on glycemic and lipid profile in uncomplicated type 2 diabetes – a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial. Nutrients 2021;13(2):404. doi: 10.3390/nu13020404.
• Alves, L. V., Temporal, R. M., Cysne-Finkelstein, L., and Leon, L. L. Efficacy of a diarylheptanoid derivative against Leishmania amazonensis. Mem.Inst.Oswaldo Cruz 2003;98(4):553-555.
• Alzoreky, N. S. and Nakahara, K. Antibacterial activity of extracts from some edible plants commonly consumed in Asia. Int J Food Microbiol. 2-15-2003;80(3):223-230.
• Amalraj A, Varma K, Jacob J, et al. A novel highly bioavailable curcumin formulation improves symptoms and diagnostic indicators in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-dose, three-arm, and parallel-group study. J Med Food. 2017;20(10):1022-1030.
• Amin F, Islam N, Anila N, Gilani AH. Clinical efficacy of the co-administration of Turmeric and Black seeds (Kalongi) in metabolic syndrome – a double blind randomized controlled trial – TAK-MetS trial. Complement Ther Med. 2015;23(2):165-74.
• Amorndoljai P, Taneepanichskul S, Niempoog S, Nimmannit U. A Comparative of Ginger Extract in Nanostructure Lipid Carrier (NLC) and 1% Diclofenac Gel for Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis (OA). J Med Assoc Thai. 2017;100(4):447-56.
• Amorndoljai P, Taneepanichskul S, Niempoog S, Nimmannit U. Improving of Knee Osteoarthritic Symptom by the Local Application of Ginger Extract Nanoparticles: A Preliminary Report with Short Term Follow-Up. J Med Assoc Thai. 2015;98(9):871-7.
• Ampasavate, C., Sotanaphun, U., Phattanawasin, P., and Piyapolrungroj, N. Effects of Curcuma spp. on P-glycoprotein function. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(7):506-512.
• Andersen, K. E. Contact allergy to toothpaste flavors. Contact Dermatitis 1978;4(4):195-198.
• Anderson LA, Gross JB. Aromatherapy with peppermint, isopropyl alcohol, or placebo is equally effective in relieving postoperative nausea. J Perianesth Nurs 2004;19:29-35.
• Angulo, P., Patel, T., Jorgensen, R. A., Therneau, T. M., and Lindor, K. D. Silymarin in the treatment of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis with a suboptimal response to ursodeoxycholic acid. Hepatology 2000;32(5):897-900.
• Anon. Adverse reaction: milk thistle-associated toxicity. Nurse Drug Alert 1999;23(7):51.
• Anon. Case problem: presenting conventional and complementary approaches for relieving nausea in a breast cancer patient undergoing chemotherapy. J Am Diet Assoc 2000;100:257-9.
• Anon. Milk thistle: Effects on liver disease and cirrhosis and clinical adverse effects. Summary, Evidence Report/Technology Assessment: Number 21, September 2000. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. Available at: https://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/epcsums/milktsum.htm
• Ansari M, Porouhan P, Mohammadianpanah M, et al. Efficacy of ginger in control of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting in breast cancer patients receiving doxorubicin-based chemotherapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17(8):3877-80.
• Ansari, M. N., Bhandari, U., and Pillai, K. K. Ethanolic Zingiber officinale R. extract pretreatment alleviates isoproterenol-induced oxidative myocardial necrosis in rats. Indian J Exp.Biol. 2006;44(11):892-897.
• Antony B, Kizhakedath R Benny M Kuruvilla BT. Clinical Evaluation of a herbal product (Rhulief) in the management of knee osteoarthritis. Abstract 316. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011;19(S1):S145-S146.
• Antony S, Kuttan R, Kuttan G. Immunomodulatory activity of curcumin. Immunol Invest 1999;28:291-303..
• Apariman S, Ratchanon S, Wiriyasirivej B. Effectiveness of ginger for prevention of nausea and vomiting after gynecological laparoscopy. J Med Assoc Thai. 2006;89:2003-9.
• Appiah-Opong, R., Commandeur, J. N., Vugt-Lussenburg, B., and Vermeulen, N. P. Inhibition of human recombinant cytochrome P450s by curcumin and curcumin decomposition products. Toxicology 6-3-2007;235(1-2):83-91.
• Arabi SM, Bahari H, Hamidipor S, et al. The effects of curcumin-containing supplements on inflammatory biomarkers in hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2022;36(12):4361-4370.
• Arabnezhad L, Mohammadifard M, Rahmani L, Majidi Z, Ferns GA, Bahrami A. Effects of curcumin supplementation on vitamin D levels in women with premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled study. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022;22(1):19.
• Araujo CC, Leon LL. Biological activities of Curcuma longa L. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2001;96:723-8.
• Araya-Quintanilla F, Gutierrez-Espinoza H, Munoz-Yanez MJ, Sanchez-Montoya U, Lopez-Jeldes J. Effectiveness of ginger on pain and function in knee osteoarthritis: A PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain Physician. 2020;23(2):E151-E161.
• Ardakani MT, Ghassemi S, Mehdizadeh M, et al. Evaluating the effect of Matricaria recutita and Mentha piperita herbal mouthwash on management of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2016;29:29-34.
• Arfeen Z, Owen H, Plummer JL, et al. A double-blind randomized controlled trial of ginger for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anaesth Intensive Care 1995;23:449-52.
• Argento A, Tiraferri E, Marzaloni M. [Oral anticoagulants and medicinal plants. An emerging interaction]. Ann Ital Med Int. 2000;15:139-43.
• Arslan M, Ozdemir L. Oral intake of ginger for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among women with breast cancer. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2015;19(5):E92-7.
• Arun, N. and Nalini, N. Efficacy of turmeric on blood sugar and polyol pathway in diabetic albino rats. Plant Foods Hum.Nutr. 2002;57(1):41-52.
• Arya, S. Controlling angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitor induced cough by fennel fruit. Indian J Pharmacol 1999;31(2):159.
• Aryaeian N, Mahmoudi M, Shahram F, Poursani S, Jamshidi F, Tavakoli H. The effect of ginger supplementation on IL2, TNFα, and IL1β cytokines gene expression levels in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2019;33:154.
• Aryaeian N, Shahram F, Mahmoudi M, et al. The effect of ginger supplementation on some immunity and inflammation intermediate genes expression in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Gene 2019;698:179-85.
• Aryan H, Farahani RH, Chamanara M, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of oral nano-silymarin formulation in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2022;36(10):3924-3931.
• Arzallus T, Izagirre A, Castiella A, Torrente S, Garmendia M, Zapata EM. Drug induced autoimmune hepatitis after turmeric intake. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023.
• Asadirad A, Nashibi R, Khodadadi A, et al. Antiinflammatory potential of nano-curcumin as an alternative therapeutic agent for the treatment of mild-to-moderate hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2022;36(2):1023-1031.
• Asao T, Kuwano H, IDE M, et al. Spasmolytic effect of peppermint oil in barium during double-contrast barium enema compared with Buscopan. Clin Radiol 2003;58:301-5.
• Asao, T., Mochiki, E., Suzuki, H., Nakamura, J., Hirayama, I., Morinaga, N., Shoji, H., Shitara, Y., and Kuwano, H. An easy method for the intraluminal administration of peppermint oil before colonoscopy and its effectiveness in reducing colonic spasm. Gastrointest Endosc 2001;53(2):172-177.
• Asghar, Z. and Masood, Z. Evaluation of antioxidant properties of silymarin and its potential to inhibit peroxyl radicals in vitro. Pak.J Pharm Sci 2008;21(3):249-254.
• Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Khalili L. The Effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) on Improving Blood Lipids and Body Weight; A Systematic Review and Multivariate Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials. Curr Pharm Des 2022.
• Ashok, P. and Meenakshi, B. Contraceptive effect of Curcuma longa (L.) in male albino rat. Asian J Androl 2004;6(1):71-74.
• Ashraf H, Heydari M, Shams M, Zarshenas MM, Tavakoli A, Sayadi M. Efficacy of ginger supplementation in relieving persistent hypothyroid symptoms in patients with controlled primary hypothyroidism: a pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022;2022:5456855.
• Ashtary-Larky D, Rezaei Kelishadi M, Bagheri R, et al. The Effects of Nano-Curcumin Supplementation on Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021;10(7):1015.
• Askari G, Sahebkar A, Soleimani D, et al. The efficacy of curcumin-piperine co-supplementation on clinical symptoms, duration, severity, and inflammatory factors in COVID-19 outpatients: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Trials 2022;23(1):472.
• Asnani, V. and Verma, R. J. Antioxidative effect of rhizome of Zinziber officinale on paraben induced lipid peroxidation: an in vitro study. Acta Pol.Pharm. 2007;64(1):35-37.
• Asnani, V. M. and Verma, R. J. Ameliorative effects of ginger extract on paraben-induced lipid peroxidation in the liver of mice. Acta Pol.Pharm. 2009;66(3):225-228.
• Atarodi H, Pazouki A, Gholizadeh B, et al. Effect of silymarin on liver size and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in morbidly obese patients: A randomized double-blind clinical trial. J Res Med Sci 2022;27:76.
• Atta, A. H. and Alkofahi, A. Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of some Jordanian medicinal plant extracts. J Ethnopharmacol 1998;60(2):117-124.
• Azimi M, Niayesh H, Raeiszadeh M, Khodabandeh-Shahraki S. Efficacy of the herbal formula of Foeniculum vulgare and Rosa damascena on elderly patients with functional constipation: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. J Integr Med 2022;20(3):230-236.
• Azimi P, Ghiasvand R, Feizi A, et al. Effect of cinnamon, cardamom, saffron and ginger consumption on blood pressure and a marker of endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Blood Press. 2016;25(3):133-40.
• Aziz M, Sharma S, Ghazaleh S, et al. The anti-spasmodic effect of peppermint oil during colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol. 2020.
• Azuine, M. A. and Bhide, S. V. Chemopreventive effect of turmeric against stomach and skin tumors induced by chemical carcinogens in Swiss mice. Nutr.Cancer 1992;17(1):77-83.
• Babamohamadi H, Ansari Z, Nobahar M, Mirmohammadkhani M. The effects of peppermint gel on prevention of pressure injury in hospitalized patients with head trauma in neurosurgical ICU: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med. 2019;47:102223.
• Babu, P. S. and Srinivasan, K. Hypolipidemic action of curcumin, the active principle of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Mol.Cell Biochem. 1997;166(1-2):169-175.
• Babu, P. S. and Srinivasan, K. Influence of dietary curcumin and cholesterol on the progression of experimentally induced diabetes in albino rat. Mol.Cell Biochem. 11-8-1995;152(1):13-21.
• Backon J. Ginger as an antiemetic: possible side effects due to its thromboxane synthetase activity. Anaesthesia. 1991;46(8):705-6..
• Backon J. Ginger in preventing nausea and vomiting of pregnancy; a caveat due to its thromboxane synthetase activity and effect on testosterone binding. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1991;42:163-4.
• Badgujar SB, Patel VV, Bandivdekar AH. Foeniculum vulgare Mill: a review of its botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, contemporary application, and toxicology. Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:842674.
• Badooei F, Imani E, Hosseini-Teshnizi S, Banar M, Memarzade M. Comparison of the effect of ginger and aloe vera mouthwashes on xerostomia in patients with type 2 diabetes: A clinical trial, triple-blind. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2021;26(4):e408-e413.
• Bae J, Kim J, Choue R, Lim H. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) tea drinking suppresses subjective short-term appetite in overweight women. Clin Nutr Res 2015;4(3):168-74.
• Bageorgou F, Li L, Beausillon C, Stennevin A, Ortiz-Brugués A, Saurat JH. Tolerability and effectiveness of a dermocosmetic product containing Silybum marianum fruit extract in adolescents and young adults with acne-prone skin: An international, phase IV, longitudinal study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023.
• Baghdasaryan, A., Claudel, T., Kosters, A., Gumhold, J., Silbert, D., Thuringer, A., Leski, K., Fickert, P., Karpen, S. J., and Trauner, M. Curcumin improves sclerosing cholangitis in Mdr2-/- mice by inhibition of cholangiocyte inflammatory response and portal myofibroblast proliferation. Gut 2010;59(4):521-530.
• Bahman M, Hajimehdipoor H, Bioos S, Hashem-Dabaghian F, Afrakhteh M, Tansaz M. Effect of Aslagh Capsule, a Traditional Compound Herbal Product on Oligomenorrhea in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Three-Arm, Open-label, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Galen Med J 2019;8:e1261.
• Bahraini P, Rajabi M, Mansouri P, Sarafian G, Chalangari R, Azizian Z. Turmeric tone as a treatment in scalp psoriasis: a randomized placebo-control clinical trial. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2018 Jun;17(3):461-466.
• Bahrami A, Zarban A, Rezapour H, Agha Amini Fashami A, Ferns GA. Effects of curcumin on menstrual pattern, premenstrual syndrome, and dysmenorrhea: A triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2021.
• Bakhshaee M, Jabbari F, Hoseini S, et al. Effect of silymarin in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery 2011;145:904-9.
• Bakhshi M, Mahboubi A, Jaafari MR, Ebrahimi F, Tofangchiha M, Alizadeh A. Comparative efficacy of 1% curcumin nanomicelle gel and 2% curcumin gel for treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2022;22(2):101708.
• Balasubramanian, K. Molecular orbital basis for yellow curry spice curcumin’s prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. J Agric.Food Chem. 5-17-2006;54(10):3512-3520.
• Baliga, M. S., Jagetia, G. C., Rao, S. K., and Babu, K. Evaluation of nitric oxide scavenging activity of certain spices in vitro: a preliminary study. Nahrung 2003;47(4):261-264.
• Bankowski S, Petr M, Rozpara M, Sadowska-Krepa E. Effect of 6-week curcumin supplementation on aerobic capacity, antioxidant status and sirtuin 3 level in middle-aged amateur long-distance runners. Redox Rep 2022;27(1):186-192.
• Bansal, S. and Chhibber, S. Curcumin alone and in combination with augmentin protects against pulmonary inflammation and acute lung injury generated during Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055-induced lung infection in BALB/c mice. J Med.Microbiol. 2010;59(Pt 4):429-437.
• Bao, H. Y., Chen, R. H., Huang, S. M., Zhang, A. H., Guo, M., Fei, L., and Pan, X. Q. [Effect of curcumin on extracellular matrix accumulation in the glomeruli in nephrotoxic sera nephritis rats]. Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Xue.Bao. 2004;2(1):30-32.
• Baranauskiene, R., Venskutonis, R. P., and Demyttenaere, J. C. Sensory and instrumental evaluation of catnip (Nepeta cataria L.) aroma. J.Agric.Food Chem. 6-18-2003;51(13):3840-3848.
• Barbosa CC, Nishimura AN, Santos MLD, et al. Silymarin administration during pregnancy and breastfeeding: evaluation of initial development and adult behavior of mice. Neurotoxicology 2020;78:64-70.
• Barker, S., Grayhem, P., Koon, J., Perkins, J., Whalen, A., and Raudenbush, B. Improved performance on clerical tasks associated with administration of peppermint odor. Percept Mot Skills 2003;97(3 Pt 1):1007-1010.
• Barnard, D. R. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol. 1999;36(5):625-629.
• Barnick CG and Cardozo LD. The treatment of abdominal distension and dyspepsia with enteric coated peppermint oil following routine gynaecological intraperitoneal surgery. J Obstet Gynecol 1990;10(5):423-424.
• Bartels EM, Folmer VN, Bliddal H, et al. Efficacy and safety of ginger in osteoarthritis patients: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2015;23(1):13-21.
• Barzaghi, N., Crema, F., Gatti, G., Pifferi, G., and Perucca, E. Pharmacokinetic studies on IdB 1016, a silybin- phosphatidylcholine complex, in healthy human subjects. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 1990;15(4):333-338.
• Bas, M., Tugcu, V., Kemahli, E., Ozbek, E., Uhri, M., Altug, T., and Tasci, A. I. Curcumin prevents shock-wave lithotripsy-induced renal injury through inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity in rats. Urol.Res 2009;37(3):159-164.
• Basaga, H., Poli, G., Tekkaya, C., and Aras, I. Free radical scavenging and antioxidative properties of ‘silibin’ complexes on microsomal lipid peroxidation. Cell Biochem Funct. 1997;15(1):27-33.
• Batakov, E. A. [Effect of Silybum marianum oil and legalon on lipid peroxidation and liver antioxidant systems in rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride]. Eksp.Klin Farmakol. 2001;64(4):53-55.
• Bateni Z, Rahimi HR, Hedayati M, Afsharian S, Goudarzi R, Sohrab G. The effects of nano-curcumin supplementation on glycemic control, blood pressure, lipid profile, and insulin resistance in patients with the metabolic syndrome: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Phytother Res. 2021;35(7):3945-3953.
• Baum L, Lam CW, Cheung SK, et al. Six-month randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, pilot clinical trial of curcumin in patients with Alzheimer disease (letter). J Clin Psychopharmacol 2008;28:110-3.
• Bayat R, Borici-Mazi R. A case of anaphylaxis to peppermint. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2014;10(1):6.
• Bean, P. The use of alternative medicine in the treatment of hepatitis C. Am.Clin.Lab 2002;21(4):19-21.
• Becker-Schiebe, M., Mengs, U., Schaefer, M., Bulitta, M., and Hoffmann, W. Topical use of a silymarin-based preparation to prevent radiodermatitis : results of a prospective study in breast cancer patients. Strahlenther.Onkol. 2011;187(8):485-491.
• Beckmann-Knopp S, Rietbrock S, Weyhenmeyer R, et al. Inhibitory effects of silibinin on cytochrome P-450 enzymes in human liver microsomes. Pharmacol Toxicol 2000;86:250-6.
• Bedoukian, P. Z. Occurrence of menthofuran in oil of peppermint (Mentha piperita vulgaris S.). J Am Chem Soc. 1948;70(2):621.
• Beesley A, Hardcastle J, Hardcastle PT, Taylor CJ. Influence of peppermint oil on absorptive and secretory processes in rat small intestine. Gut 1996;39:214-9.
• Begas E, Tsioutsiouliti A, Kouvaras E, et al. Effects of peppermint tea consumption on the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, Xanthine Oxidase, N-acetyltranferase-2 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases-1A1/1A6 in healthy volunteers. Food Chem Toxicol 2017;100:80-9.
• Behrends, M., Beiderlinden, M., and Peters, J. Acute lung injury after peppermint oil injection. Anesth.Analg. 2005;101(4):1160-1162.
• Belanger, J. T. Perillyl alcohol: applications in oncology. Altern Med Rev 1998;3(6):448-457.
• Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Dugall M, et al. Efficacy and safety of Meriva, a curcumin-phosphatidylcholine complex, during extended administration in osteoarthritis patients. Alt Med Rev 2010:15:337-4.
• Belcaro G, Dugall M, Luzzi R, et al. Phytoproflex: supplementary management of osteoarthritis: a supplement registry. Minerva Med. 2018 Apr;109(2):88-94.
• Belcaro, G., Cesarone, M. R., Dugall, M., Pellegrini, L., Ledda, A., Grossi, M. G., Togni, S., and Appendino, G. Product-evaluation registry of Meriva(R), a curcumin-phosphatidylcholine complex, for the complementary management of osteoarthritis. Panminerva Med 2010;52(2 Suppl 1):55-62.
• Benda, L., Dittrich, H., Ferenzi, P., Frank, H., and Wewalka, F. [The influence of therapy with silymarin on the survival rate of patients with liver cirrhosis (author’s transl)]. Wien.Klin.Wochenschr. 10-10-1980;92(19):678-683.
• Benny, M and Antony B. Bioavailability of Biocurcumax (BCM – 095). Spice India 2006;11-15.
• Bernardi MM, Kirsten TB, Lago JH, Giovani TM, Massoco Cde O. Nepeta cataria L. var. citriodora (Becker) increases penile erection in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;137(3):1318-22.
• Bernier, U. R., Furman, K. D., Kline, D. L., Allan, S. A., and Barnard, D. R. Comparison of contact and spatial repellency of catnip oil and N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) against mosquitoes. J Med Entomol. 2005;42(3):306-311.
• Bhandari U, Kanojia R, Pillai KK. Effect of ethanolic extract of Zingiber officinale on dyslipidaemia in diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;97:227-30.
• Bhandari, U., Sharma, J. N., and Zafar, R. The protective action of ethanolic ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract in cholesterol fed rabbits. J Ethnopharmacol. 1998;61(2):167-171.
• Bhargava R, Chasen M, Elten M, MacDonald N. The effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in patients with advanced cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2019.
• Bhatia, N. and Agarwal, R. Detrimental effect of cancer preventive phytochemicals silymarin, genistein and epigallocatechin 3-gallate on epigenetic events in human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells. Prostate 2-1-2001;46(2):98-107.
• Birkett MA, Hassanali A, Hoglund S, Pettersson J, Pickett JA. Repellent activity of catmint, Nepeta cataria, and iridoid nepetalactone isomers against Afro-tropical mosquitoes, ixodid ticks and red poultry mites. Phytochemistry. 2011;72(1):109-14.
• Biswas, S. K., McClure, D., Jimenez, L. A., Megson, I. L., and Rahman, I. Curcumin induces glutathione biosynthesis and inhibits NF-kappaB activation and interleukin-8 release in alveolar epithelial cells: mechanism of free radical scavenging activity. Antioxid.Redox.Signal. 2005;7(1-2):32-41.
• Black CD, Herring MP, Hurley DJ, O’Connor PJ. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) reduces muscle pain caused by eccentric exercise. J Pain 2010;11:894-903.
• Black CD, O’Connor PJ. Acute effects of dietary ginger on muscle pain induced by eccentric exercise. Phytother Res 2010;24:1620-6.
• Black CD, O’Connor PJ. Acute effects of dietary ginger on quadriceps muscle pain during moderate-intensity cycling exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2008;18:653-64.
• Bliddal H, Rosetzsky A, Schlichting P, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study of ginger extracts and ibuprofen in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2000;8:9-12.
• Bluma, R., Amaiden, M. R., Daghero, J., and Etcheverry, M. Control of Aspergillus section Flavi growth and aflatoxin accumulation by plant essential oils. J Appl.Microbiol. 2008;105(1):203-214.
• Boari, C., Montanari, F. M., Galletti, G. P., Rizzoli, D., Baldi, E., Caudarella, R., and Gennari, P. [Toxic occupational liver diseases. Therapeutic effects of silymarin]. Minerva Med 10-20-1981;72(40):2679-2688.
• Bode, J. C., Schmidt, U., and Durr, H. K. [Silymarin for the treatment of acute viral hepatitis? Report of a controlled trial (author’s transl)]. Med Klin. 3-25-1977;72(12):513-518.
• Boerth J, Strong KM. The clinical utility of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) in cirrhosis of the liver. J Herb Pharmacother 2002;2:11-7.
• Bokemeyer, C., Fels, L. M., Dunn, T., Voigt, W., Gaedeke, J., Schmoll, H. J., Stolte, H., and Lentzen, H. Silibinin protects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity without compromising cisplatin or ifosfamide anti-tumour activity. Br J Cancer 1996;74(12):2036-2041.
• Bone ME, Wilkinson DJ, Young JR, et al. Ginger root-a new antiemetic. The effect of ginger root on postoperative nausea and vomiting after major gynaecological surgery. Anaesthesia 1990;45:669-71.
• Borhani, Haghighi A., Motazedian, S., Rezaii, R., Mohammadi, F., Salarian, L., Pourmokhtari, M., Khodaei, S., Vossoughi, M., and Miri, R. Cutaneous application of menthol 10% solution as an abortive treatment of migraine without aura: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossed-over study. Int J Clin Pract 2010;64(4):451-456.
• Borrelli F, Capasso R, Aviello G, et al. Effectiveness and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting. Obstet Gynecol 2005;105:849-56.
• Bossi P, Cortinovis D, Fatigoni S, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study of a ginger extract in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients receiving high-dose cisplatin. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(10):2547-2551.
• Bourne, K. Z., Bourne, N., Reising, S. F., and Stanberry, L. R. Plant products as topical microbicide candidates: assessment of in vitro and in vivo activity against herpes simplex virus type 2. Antiviral Res 1999;42(3):219-226.
• Braga Tibaes JR, Martins LB, Rodrigues AMDS, Amaral MHA, Teixeira AL, Ferreira AVM. Ginger supplementation does not increase energy expenditure in female adults. Nutrition 2022;103-104:111803.
• Brinda, B. J., Zhu, H. J., and Markowitz, J. S. A sensitive LC-MS/MS assay for the simultaneous analysis of the major active components of silymarin in human plasma. J.Chromatogr.B Analyt.Technol.Biomed.Life Sci. 8-1-2012;902:1-9.
• Brockwell C, Ampikaipakan S, Sexton DW, Price D, Freeman D, Thomas M, Ali M, Wilson AM. Adjunctive treatment with oral AKL1, a botanical nutraceutical, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2014;9:715-21.
• Brown K, Scott-Hoy B, Jennings LW. Response of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation patients administered a combined quebracho/conker tree/M. balsamea Willd extract. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2016 August 6; 7(3): 463-468.
• Brown K, Scott-Hoy B, Jennings. Efficacy of a Quebracho, Conker Tree, and M. balsamea Willd blended extract in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. J Gasterenterol Hepatol Res 2015; 4: 1762-1767.
• Bub, S., Brinckmann, J., Cicconetti, G., and Valentine, B. Efficacy of an herbal dietary supplement (Smooth Move) in the management of constipation in nursing home residents: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Am.Med.Dir.Assoc. 2006;7(9):556-561.
• Bucekova M, Jardekova L, Juricova V, Bugarova V, Di Marco G, Gismondi A, Leonardi D, Farkasovska J, Godocikova J, Laho M, Klaudiny J, Majtan V, Canini A, Majtan J. Antibacterial Activity of Different Blossom Honeys: New Findings. Molecules. 2019 Apr 21;24(8):1573. doi: 10.3390/molecules24081573. PMID: 31010070; PMCID: PMC6514785.
• Buckle J. Use of aromatherapy as a complementary treatment for chronic pain. Altern Ther Health Med 1999;5:42-51.
• Buckle, J. Literature review: should nursing take aromatherapy more seriously? Br J Nurs. 1-25-2007;16(2):116-120.
• Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Phytomedicine 2000;7:273-82.
• Budzinski JW, Trudeau VL, Drouin CE, et al. Modulation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in Caco-2 cell monolayers by selected commercial-source milk thistle and goldenseal products. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007;85:966-78.
• Bundy, R., Walker, A. F., Middleton, R. W., and Booth, J. Turmeric extract may improve irritable bowel syndrome symptomology in otherwise healthy adults: a pilot study. J Altern.Complement Med. 2004;10(6):1015-1018.
• Bunout D, Hirsch S, Petermann M. [Controlled study of the effect of silymarin on alcoholic liver disease.] Rev Med Chil 1992;120:1370-5.
• Burgos-Morón E, Calderón-Montaño JM, Salvador J, Robles A, López-Lázaro M. The dark side of curcumin. Int J Cancer. 2010;126(7):1771-5.
• Burkhard PR, Burkhardt K, Haenggeli CA, Landis T. Plant-induced seizures: reappearance of an old problem. J Neurol 1999;246:667-70.
• Burrow, A., Eccles, R., and Jones, A. S. The effects of camphor, eucalyptus and menthol vapour on nasal resistance to airflow and nasal sensation. Acta Otolaryngol. 1983;96(1-2):157-161.
• Buzzelli G, Moscarella S, Giusti A, et al. A pilot study on the liver protective effect of silybin-phosphatidylcholine complex (IdB1016) in chronic active hepatitis. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1993;31:456-60.
• Cady RK, Goldstein J, Nett R, et al. A double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study of sublingual feverfew and ginger (LipiGesic M) in the treatment of migraine. Headache 2011;51:1078-86.
• Cady RK, Schreiber CP, Beach ME, et al. Gelstat Migraine (sublingually administered feverfew and ginger compound) for acute treatment of migraine when administered during the mild pain phase. Med Sci Monit. 2005;11:I65-69.
• Calaf GM, Echiburú-Chau C, Wen G, Balajee AS, Roy D. Effect of curcumin on irradiated and estrogen-transformed human breast cell lines. Int J Oncol. 2012;40(2):436-42.
• Calderón-Pérez L, Llaurad E, Companys J, et al. Acute effects of turmeric extracts on knee joint pain: a pilot, randomized controlled trial. J Med Food. 2020. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0074. Online ahead of print.
• Calvert I. Ginger: an essential oil for shortening labour? Pract Midwife. 2005;8:30-4.
• Camacho-Corona, Mdel R., Ramirez-Cabrera, M. A., Santiago, O. G., Garza-Gonzalez, E., Palacios, Ide P., and Luna-Herrera, J. Activity against drug resistant-tuberculosis strains of plants used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat tuberculosis and other respiratory diseases. Phytother.Res 2008;22(1):82-85.
• Capanni M, Surrenti E, Biagini M, and et al. Efficacy of peppermint oil in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial. Gazz Med Ital 2005;164:119-126.
• Cappello G, Spezzaferro M, Grossi L, et al. Peppermint oil (Mintoil) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective double blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Dig Liver Dis 2007;39:530-6.
• Carducci, R., Armellino, M. F., Volpe, C., Basile, G., Caso, N., Apicella, A., and Basile, V. [Silibinin and acute poisoning with Amanita phalloides]. Minerva Anestesiol. 1996;62(5):187-193.
• Carini, R., Comoglio, A., Albano, E., and Poli, G. Lipid peroxidation and irreversible damage in the rat hepatocyte model. Protection by the silybin-phospholipid complex IdB 1016. Biochem Pharmacol 5-28-1992;43(10):2111-2115.
• Carling L, Svedberg L, and Hultsen S. Short term treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome: a placebo-controlled trial of peppermint oil against hyoscyamine. Opuscula Med 1989;34:55-57.
• Carroll RE, Benya RV, Turgeon DK, et al. Phase IIa clinical trial of curcumin for the prevention of colorectal neoplasia. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011;4:354-64.
• Cash BD, Epstein MS, Shah SM. A Novel Delivery System of Peppermint Oil Is an Effective Therapy for Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms. Dig Dis Sci 2016;61(2):560-71.
• Cashman, J. R., Ghirmai, S., Abel, K. J., and Fiala, M. Immune defects in Alzheimer’s disease: new medications development. BMC.Neurosci. 2008;9 Suppl 2:S13.
• Castillo-Juarez, I., Gonzalez, V., Jaime-Aguilar, H., Martinez, G., Linares, E., Bye, R., and Romero, I. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for gastrointestinal disorders. J Ethnopharmacol 3-18-2009;122(2):402-405.
• Cavalieri S. A controlled clinical trial of Legalon in 40 patients. Gazz Med Ital 1974;133:628-635.
• Cekmen, M., Ilbey, Y. O., Ozbek, E., Simsek, A., Somay, A., and Ersoz, C. Curcumin prevents oxidative renal damage induced by acetaminophen in rats. Food Chem.Toxicol 2009;47(7):1480-1484.
• Chainani-Wu, N. Safety and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Curcumin: A Component of Tumeric (Curcuma longa). J Altern.Complement Med. 2003;9(1):161-168.
• Chainani-Wu, N., Madden, E., Lozada-Nur, F., and Silverman S Jr. High-dose curcuminoids are efficacious in the reduction in symptoms and signs of oral lichen planus. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;66(5):752-760.
• Chaiworramukkul A, Seetalarom K, Saichamchan S, Prasongsook N. A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized phase IIa study: Evaluating the effect of curcumin for treatment of cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome in solid cancer patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022;23(7):2333-2340.
• Chaiyakunapruk N, Kitikannakorn N, Nathisuwan S, et al. The efficacy of ginger for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006;194:95-9.
• Chakurski I, Matev M, Koichev A, et al. [Treatment of chronic colitis with an herbal combination of Taraxacum officinale, Hipericum perforatum, Melissa officinaliss, Calendula officinalis and Foeniculum vulgare]. Vutr Boles. 1981;20:51-4.
• Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, et al. The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association. Hepatology. 2012;55(6):2005-23.
• Chan, M. M., Ho, C. T., and Huang, H. I. Effects of three dietary phytochemicals from tea, rosemary and turmeric on inflammation-induced nitrite production. Cancer Lett. 9-4-1995;96(1):23-29.
• Chand S, Hair C, Beswick L. A rare case of turmeric-induced hepatotoxicity. Intern Med J. 2020;50(2):258-259.
• Chandran B, Goel A. A randomized, pilot study to assess the efficacy and safety of curcumin in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Phytother Res 2012;26:1719-25.
• Chang WP, Peng YX. Does the Oral Administration of Ginger Reduce Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting?: A Meta-analysis of 10 Randomized Controlled Trials. Cancer Nurs. 2019;42(6):E14-E23.
• Chang, F. Y. and Lu, C. L. The clinical significances of irritable bowel syndrome in Taiwan. J Gastroenterol.Hepatol. 2011;26 Suppl 3:102-105.
• Chang, F. Y. and Lu, C. L. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome using complementary and alternative medicine. J Chin Med.Assoc. 2009;72(6):294-300.
• Charles, C. H., Vincent, J. W., Borycheski, L., Amatnieks, Y., Sarina, M., Qaqish, J., and Proskin, H. M. Effect of an essential oil-containing dentifrice on dental plaque microbial composition. Am J Dent 2000;13(Spec No):26C-30C.
• Chatterjee, S., Variyar, P. S., and Sharma, A. Stability of lipid constituents in radiation processed fenugreek seeds and turmeric: role of phenolic antioxidants. J Agric.Food Chem. 10-14-2009;57(19):9226-9233.
• Chauhan, K. R., Klun, J. A., Debboun, M., and Kramer, M. Feeding deterrent effects of catnip oil components compared with two synthetic amides against Aedes aegypti. J Med Entomol. 2005;42(4):643-646.
• Chen, D., Nie, M., Fan, M. W., and Bian, Z. Anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin in macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharides from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Pharmacology 2008;82(4):264-269.
• Chen, H. W. and Huang, H. C. Effect of curcumin on cell cycle progression and apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Br.J Pharmacol. 1998;124(6):1029-1040.
• Chen, K. H., Chao, D., Liu, C. F., Chen, C. F., and Wang, D. Curcumin attenuates airway hyperreactivity induced by ischemia-reperfusion of the pancreas in rats. Transplant.Proc. 2010;42(3):744-747.
• Chen, Z., Zhu, L., Song, T., Chen, J., and Guo, Z. A novel curcumin assay with the metal ion Cu (II) as a simple probe by resonance light scattering technique. Spectrochim.Acta A Mol.Biomol.Spectrosc. 2009;72(3):518-522.
• Cheng, A. L., Hsu, C. H., Lin, J. K., Hsu, M. M., Ho, Y. F., Shen, T. S., Ko, J. Y., Lin, J. T., Lin, B. R., Ming-Shiang, W., Yu, H. S., Jee, S. H., Chen, G. S., Chen, T. M., Chen, C. A., Lai, M. K., Pu, Y. S., Pan, M. H., Wang, Y. J., Tsai, C. C., and Hsieh, C. Y. Phase I clinical trial of curcumin, a chemopreventive agent, in patients with high-risk or pre-malignant lesions. Anticancer Res 2001;21(4B):2895-2900.
• Chevallier A. Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine. 2nd ed. New York, NY: DK Publ, Inc., 2000.
• Chiang HM, Chao PD, Hsiu SL, et al. Ginger significantly decreased the oral bioavailability of cyclosporine in rats. Am J Chin Med. 2006;34:845-55.
• Chien YJ, Chang CY, Wu MY, Chen CH, Horng YS, Wu HC. Effects of curcumin on glycemic control and lipid profile in polycystic ovary syndrome: Systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Nutrients. 2021;13(2):684.
• Chitre D, Nadkarni S, Jagtap N, et al. Phase III randomized clinical trial of BV-4051, an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation in moderate SARS-CoV-2 infections and its impact on inflammatory biomarkers. Phytother Res 2022.
• Chittumma P, Kaewkiattikun K, Wiriyasiriwach B. Comparison of the effectiveness of ginger and vitamin B6 for treatment of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. J Med Assoc Thai 2007;90:15-20.
• Chiu, J., Khan, Z. A., Farhangkhoee, H., and Chakrabarti, S. Curcumin prevents diabetes-associated abnormalities in the kidneys by inhibiting p300 and nuclear factor-kappaB. Nutrition 2009;25(9):964-972.
• Choi JS, Han JY, Ahn HK, et al. Assessment of fetal and neonatal outcomes in the offspring of women who had been treated with dried ginger (Zingiberis rhizoma siccus) for a variety of illnesses during pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;35(2):125-30.
• Choi, B. H., Kim, C. G., Lim, Y., Shin, S. Y., and Lee, Y. H. Curcumin down-regulates the multidrug-resistance mdr1b gene by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/NF kappa B pathway. Cancer Lett. 1-18-2008;259(1):111-118.
• Choi, E. M. and Hwang, J. K. Antiinflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant activities of the fruit of Foeniculum vulgare. Fitoterapia 2004;75(6):557-565.
• Chopra A, Saluja M, Tillu G, Sarmukkaddam S, Venugopalan A, Narsimulu G, Handa R, Sumantran V, Raut A, Bichile L, Joshi K, Patwardhan B. Ayurvedic medicine offers a good alternative to glucosamine and celecoxib in the treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, controlled equivalence drug trial. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013;52(8):1408-17.
• Chopra, A., Lavin, P., Patwardhan, B., and Chitre, D. A 32-week randomized, placebo-controlled clinical evaluation of RA-11, an Ayurvedic drug, on osteoarthritis of the knees. J Clin Rheumatol. 2004;10(5):236-245.
• Choudhary, D., Chandra, D., and Kale, R. K. Modulation of radioresponse of glyoxalase system by curcumin. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999;64(1):1-7.
• Chuengsamarn, S., Rattanamongkolgul, S., Luechapudiporn, R., Phisalaphong, C., and Jirawatnotai, S. Curcumin extract for prevention of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2012;35(11):2121-2127.
• Chung, S. W., Kim, M. K., Chung, J. H., Kim, D. H., Choi, J. S., Anton, S., Seo, A. Y., Park, K. Y., Yokozawa, T., Rhee, S. H., Yu, B. P., and Chung, H. Y. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activation by a short-term feeding of zingerone in aged rats. J Med Food 2009;12(2):345-350.
• Ciftci, O., Ozdemir, I., Tanyildizi, S., Yildiz, S., and Oguzturk, H. Antioxidative effects of curcumin, beta-myrcene and 1,8-cineole against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced oxidative stress in rats liver. Toxicol Ind Health 2011;27(5):447-453.
• Ciolino, H. P., Daschner, P. J., Wang, T. T., and Yeh, G. C. Effect of curcumin on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and cytochrome P450 1A1 in MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells. Biochem.Pharmacol. 7-15-1998;56(2):197-206.
• Cohen, B. M. and Dressler, W. E. Acute aromatics inhalation modifies the airways. Effects of the common cold. Respiration 1982;43(4):285-293.
• Comoglio, A., Tomasi, A., Malandrino, S., Poli, G., and Albano, E. Scavenging effect of silipide, a new silybin-phospholipid complex, on ethanol-derived free radicals. Biochem.Pharmacol 10-12-1995;50(8):1313-1316.
• Conrozier T, Mathieu P, Bonjean M, Marc JF, Renevier JL, Balblanc JC. A complex of three natural anti-inflammatory agents provides relief of osteoarthritis pain. Altern Ther Health Med 2014 Winter;20 Suppl 1:32-7.
• Cossiga V, Sanduzzi-Zamparelli M, Sapena V, et al. Beneficial Effects of Silybin Treatment After Viral Eradication in Patients With HCV-Related Advanced Chronic Liver Disease: A Pilot Study. Front Pharmacol 2022;13:824879.
• Crichton M, Marshall S, Marx W, McCarthy AL, Isenring E. Efficacy of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in ameliorating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and chemotherapy-related outcomes: A systematic review update and meta-analysis. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2019;119(12):2055-2068.
• Cruz-Correa M, Hylind LM, Marrero JH, et al. Efficacy and safety of curcumin in treatment of intestinal adenomas in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Gastroenterology. 2018 May 23. Pii:S0016-5085(18)34564-5. [Epub ahead of print]
• Cui, L., Miao, J., and Cui, L. Cytotoxic effect of curcumin on malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum: inhibition of histone acetylation and generation of reactive oxygen species. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 2007;51(2):488-494.
• Curcumin prevents and reverses murine cardiac hypertrophy. J Clin Invest 2009;119(7):2113.
• Cuzzolin L, Zaffani S, and Benoni G. Safety implications regarding use of phytomedicines. Eur.J Clin Pharmacol. 2006;62:37-42.
• Cwikla, C., Schmidt, K., Matthias, A., Bone, K. M., Lehmann, R., and Tiralongo, E. Investigations into the antibacterial activities of phytotherapeutics against Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni. Phytother.Res 2010;24(5):649-656.
• Czalbert, J, Neder, M., and Feher, K. Experiences with Colpermin therapy (Tillots-England) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gyogyszereszet 1990;34(251):253.
• Czipa N, Phillips CJC, Kovács B. Composition of acacia honeys following processing, storage and adulteration. J Food Sci Technol. 2019 Mar;56(3):1245-1255. doi: 10.1007/s13197-019-03587-y. Epub 2019 Jan 28. PMID: 30956304; PMCID: PMC6423237.
• Dabaghzadeh F, Khalili H, Dashti-Khavidaki S, Abbasian L, Moeinifard A. Ginger for prevention of antiretroviral-induced nausea and vomiting: a randomized clinical trial. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2014;13(7):859-66.
• Daily JW, Zhang X, Kim da S, et al. Efficacy of Ginger for Alleviating the Symptoms of Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Pain Med. 2015;16(12):2243-55.
• Dalvi, S. S., Nadkarni, P. M., Pardesi, R., and Gupta, K. C. Effect of peppermint oil on gastric emptying in man: a preliminary study using a radiolabelled solid test meal. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1991;35(3):212-214.
• Dandekar, P. P., Jain, R., Patil, S., Dhumal, R., Tiwari, D., Sharma, S., Vanage, G., and Patravale, V. Curcumin-loaded hydrogel nanoparticles: application in anti-malarial therapy and toxicological evaluation. J Pharm Sci 2010;99(12):4992-5010.
• Darvishi-Khezri H, Naderisorki M, Zahedi M, et al. Coadministration of silymarin with iron chelators in transfusion-dependent ß-thalassemia patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis for effect on iron overload. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2021;14(11):1445-53.
• Dastgheib M, Barati-Boldaji R, Bahrampour N, et al. A comparison of the effects of cinnamon, ginger, and metformin consumption on metabolic health, anthropometric indices, and sexual hormone levels in women with poly cystic ovary syndrome: A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial. Front Nutr. 2022 Nov 29;9:1071515.
• Daveluy A, Géniaux H, Thibaud L, Mallaret M, Miremont-Salamé G, Haramburu F. Probable interaction between an oral vitamin K antagonist and turmeric (Curcuma longa). Therapie. 2014 Nov-Dec;69(6):519-20.
• Davies, S. J., Harding, L. M., and Baranowski, A. P. A novel treatment of postherpetic neuralgia using peppermint oil. Clin J Pain 2002;18(3):200-202.
• de Font-Reaulx, Rojas E. and Dorazco-Barragan, G. [Clinical stabilisation in neurodegenerative diseases: clinical study in phase II]. Rev.Neurol. 5-1-2010;50(9):520-528.
• De, R., Kundu, P., Swarnakar, S., Ramamurthy, T., Chowdhury, A., Nair, G. B., and Mukhopadhyay, A. K. Antimicrobial activity of curcumin against Helicobacter pylori isolates from India and during infections in mice. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 2009;53(4):1592-1597.
• Deeb D, Xu YX, Jiang H, et al. Curcumin (diferuloyl-methane) enhances tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2003;2:95-103..
• Dehmlow, C., Murawski, N., and de Groot, H. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism by silibinin in human cells. Life Sci 1996;58(18):1591-1600.
• Dehzad MJ, Ghalandari H, Nouri M, Askarpour M. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation in adults: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cytokine 2023;164:156144.
• Dehzad MJ, Ghalandari H, Nouri M, Askarpour M. Effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation on obesity indices and adipokines in adults: A grade-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2023;37(4):1703-1728.
• Denaxa D, Arkwright PD. Fennel as a cause of immediate hypersensitivity to toothpaste. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020;125(1):99-100.
• Deng JW, Shon JH, Shin HJ, et al. Effect of silymarin supplement on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin. Pharm Res 2008;25:1807-14.
• Deodhar SD, Sethi R, Srimal RC. Preliminary study on antirheumatic activity of curcumin (diferuloyl methane). Indian J Med Res 1980;71:632-4.
• Derosa G, D’Angelo A, Maffioli P. The role of a fixed Berberis aristata/Silybum marianum combination in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clin Nutr. 2016;35(5):1091-5.
• Derosa G, D’Angelo A, Romano D, Maffioli P. Effects of a combination of Berberis aristata, Silybum marianum and monacolin on lipid profile in subjects at low cardiovascular risk; A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(2). pii: E343.
• Derosa G, Romano D, D’Angelo A, Maffioli P. Berberis aristata/Silybum marianum fixed combination (Berberol(®)) effects on lipid profile in dyslipidemic patients intolerant to statins at high dosages: a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Phytomedicine. 2015;22(2):231-7.
• Detaille, D., Sanchez, C., Sanz, N., Lopez-Novoa, J. M., Leverve, X., and El Mir, M. Y. Interrelation between the inhibition of glycolytic flux by silibinin and the lowering of mitochondrial ROS production in perifused rat hepatocytes. Life Sci 5-23-2008;82(21-22):1070-1076.
• Dew MJ, Evans BK, Rhodes J. Peppermint oil for the irritable bowel syndrome: a multicentre trial. Br J Clin Pract 1984;38:394, 398.
• Di Pierro F, Bellone I, Rapacioli G, Putignano P. Clinical role of a fixed combination of standardized Berberis aristata and Silybum marianum extracts in diabetic and hypercholesterolemic patients intolerant to statins. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2015;8:89-96.
• Di Pierro F, Villanova N, Agostini F, Marzocchi R, Soverini V, Marchesini G. Pilot study on the additive effects of berberine and oral type 2 diabetes agents for patients with suboptimal glycemic control. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2012;5:213-7.
• DiCenzo R, Shelton M, Jordan K, et al. Coadministration of milk thistle and indinavir in healthy subjects. Pharmacotherapy 2003;23:866-70..
• Djenane, D., Aider, M., Yanguela, J., Idir, L., Gomez, D., and Roncales, P. Antioxidant and antibacterial effects of Lavandula and Mentha essential oils in minced beef inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus during storage at abuse refrigeration temperature. Meat.Sci 2012;92(4):667-674.
• Doehmer J, Weiss G, McGregor GP, Appel K. Assessment of a dry extract from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) for interference with human liver cytochrome-P450 activities. Toxicol In Vitro 2011;25:21-7.
• Dominguez-Balmaseda D, Diez-Vega I, Larrosa M, et al. Effect of a Blend of Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Bixa orellana L. Herbal Supplement on the Recovery of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Induced by Unaccustomed Eccentric Resistance Training: A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Front Physiol. 2020;11:826.
• Donovan EK, Kekes-Szabo S, Lin JC, et al. A placebo-controlled, pseudo-randomized, crossover trial of botanical agents for gulf war illness: Curcumin (Curcuma longa), boswellia (Boswellia serrata), and French maritime pine bark (Pinus pinaster). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(5):2468.
• Dorai, T., Cao, Y. C., Dorai, B., Buttyan, R., and Katz, A. E. Therapeutic potential of curcumin in human prostate cancer. III. Curcumin inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis, and inhibits angiogenesis of LNCaP prostate cancer cells in vivo. Prostate 6-1-2001;47(4):293-303.
• Dorman, H. J., Kosar, M., Baser, K. H., and Hiltunen, R. Phenolic profile and antioxidant evaluation of Mentha x piperita L. (peppermint) extracts. Nat Prod Commun. 2009;4(4):535-542.
• Dou, X., Fan, C., Wo, L., Yan, J., Qian, Y., and Wo, X. Curcumin up-regulates LDL receptor expression via the sterol regulatory element pathway in HepG2 cells. Planta Med. 2008;74(11):1374-1379.
• Douros A, Bronder E, Andersohn F, et al. Herb-Induced Liver Injury in the Berlin Case-Control Surveillance Study. Int J Mol Sci 2016;17(1).
• Dres, C, Johnson, C, and Loda, L. Enzymes and erythema reduction. SPC 1999;71(313):33.
• Dresser GK, Wacher V, Wong S, et al. Evaluation of peppermint oil and ascorbyl palmitate as inhibitors of cytochrome P4503A4 activity in vitro and in vivo. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;72:247-55.
• Drozdov VN, Kim VA, Tkachenko EV, Varvanina GG. Influence of a specific ginger combination on gastropathy conditions in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip. J Alt Compl Med 2012;18:583-8.
• Duarte, M. C., Figueira, G. M., Sartoratto, A., Rehder, V. L., and Delarmelina, C. Anti-Candida activity of Brazilian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 2-28-2005;97(2):305-311.
• Duband, F., Carnat, A. P., Carnat, A., Petitjean-Freytet, C., Clair, G., and Lamaison, J. L. [Aromatic and polyphenolic composition of infused peppermint, Mentha x piperita L.]. Ann.Pharm Fr. 1992;50(3):146-155.
• Dugasani, S., Pichika, M. R., Nadarajah, V. D., Balijepalli, M. K., Tandra, S., and Korlakunta, J. N. Comparative antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of [6]-gingerol, [8]-gingerol, [10]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol. J.Ethnopharmacol. 2-3-2010;127(2):515-520.
• Duss, C., Lang, N. P., Cosyn, J., and Persson, G. R. A randomized, controlled clinical trial on the clinical, microbiological, and staining effects of a novel 0.05% chlorhexidine/herbal extract and a 0.1% chlorhexidine mouthrinse adjunct to periodontal surgery. J Clin Periodontol. 2010;37(11):988-997.
• Dyer, J., Ashley, S., and Shaw, C. A study to look at the effects of a hydrolat spray on hot flushes in women being treated for breast cancer. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2008;14(4):273-279.
• Eady EA, Layton AM, Cove JH. A honey trap for the treatment of acne: manipulating the follicular microenvironment to control Propionibacterium acnes. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:679680. doi: 10.1155/2013/679680. Epub 2013 May 14. PMID: 23762853; PMCID: PMC3666392.
• Eagon PK, Elm MS, Hunter DS, et al. Medicinal herbs: modulation of estrogen action. Era of Hope Mtg, Dept Defense; Breast Cancer Res Prog, Atlanta, GA 2000;Jun 8-11.
• Ebbinghaus K D. A ‘tea’ containing various plant products as adjuvant to chemotherapy of urinary tract infections. Therapiewoche 1985;35:2041-2051.
• Eberhart LH, Mayer R, Betz O, et al. Ginger does not prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic surgery. Anesth Analg 2003;96:995-8.
• Ebrahimpour-Koujan S, Gargari BP, Mobasseri M, Valizadeh H, Asghari-Jafarabadi M. Lower glycemic indices and lipid profile among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who received novel dose of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (silymarin) extract supplement: A Triple-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial. Phytomedicine. 2018;44:39-44.
• Ebrahimzadeh A, Abbasi F, Ebrahimzadeh A, Jibril AT, Milajerdi A. Effects of curcumin supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med 2021;61:102773.
• Ebrahimzadeh A, Ebrahimzadeh A, Mirghazanfari SM, Hazrati E, Hadi S, Milajerdi A. The effect of ginger supplementation on metabolic profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2022;65:102802.
• Eccles, R. and Jones, A. S. The effect of menthol on nasal resistance to air flow. J Laryngol Otol 1983;97(8):705-709.
• Eccles, R., Griffiths, D. H., Newton, C. G., and Tolley, N. S. The effects of D and L isomers of menthol upon nasal sensation of airflow. J Laryngol Otol 1988;102(6):506-508.
• Efe Ertürk N, Tasci S. The effects of peppermint oil on nausea, vomiting and retching in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: An open label quasi-randomized controlled pilot study. Complement Ther Med. 2021;56:102587.
• El Abhar, H. S., Hammad, L. N., and Gawad, H. S. Modulating effect of ginger extract on rats with ulcerative colitis. J Ethnopharmacol. 8-13-2008;118(3):367-372.
• El Agamy, D. S. Comparative effects of curcumin and resveratrol on aflatoxin B(1)-induced liver injury in rats. Arch.Toxicol 2010;84(5):389-396.
• El Bardai, S., Lyoussi, B., Wibo, M., and Morel, N. Pharmacological evidence of hypotensive activity of Marrubium vulgare and Foeniculum vulgare in spontaneously hypertensive rat. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2001;23(4):329-343.
• El-Kamary, S. S., Shardell, M. D., Abdel-Hamid, M., Ismail, S., El-Ateek, M., Metwally, M., Mikhail, N., Hashem, M., Mousa, A., Aboul-Fotouh, A., El-Kassas, M., Esmat, G., and Strickland, G. T. A randomized controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of silymarin on symptoms, signs and biomarkers of acute hepatitis. Phytomedicine. 2009;16(5):391-400.
• El-Shitany NA, Hegazy S, El-Desoky K. Evidences for antiosteoporotic and selective estrogen receptor modulator activity of silymarin compared with ethinylestradiol in ovariectomized rats. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(2):116-25.
• Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 — Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
• Elsaie LT, El Mohsen AM, Ibrahim IM, Mohey-Eddin MH, Elsaie ML. Effectiveness of topical peppermint oil on symptomatic treatment of chronic pruritus. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2016;9:333-8.
• Elyasi S, Hosseini S, Niazi Moghadam MR, Aledavood SA, Karimi G. Effect of Oral Silymarin Administration on Prevention of Radiotherapy Induced Mucositis: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Phytother Res. 2016;30(11):1879-85.
• Elyasi S, Rasta S, Taghizadeh-Kermani A, Hosseini S. Topical henna and curcumin (Alpha®) ointment efficacy for prevention of capecitabine induced hand-foot syndrome: A randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical. Daru 2022;30(1):117-125.
• Elyasi S, Shojaee FSR, Allahyari A, Karimi G. Topical Silymarin Administration for Prevention of Capecitabine-Induced Hand-Foot Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Phytother Res. 2017;31(9):1323-29.
• Emrani Z, Shojaei E, Khalili H. Ginger for Prevention of Antituberculosis-induced Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions Including Hepatotoxicity: A Randomized Pilot Clinical Trial. Phytother Res. 2016;30(6):1003-9.
• Enck, P., Junne, F., Klosterhalfen, S., Zipfel, S., and Martens, U. Therapy options in irritable bowel syndrome. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;22(12):1402-1411.
• Epelbaum, R., Schaffer, M., Vizel, B., Badmaev, V., and Bar-Sela, G. Curcumin and gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Nutr Cancer 2010;62(8):1137-1141.
• Ernst E, Pittler MH. Efficacy of ginger for nausea and vomiting: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Br J Anaesth 2000;84:367-71.
• Eurich, D., Bahra, M., Berg, T., Boas-Knoop, S., Biermer, M., Neuhaus, R., Neuhaus, P., and Neumann, U. Treatment of hepatitis C-virus-reinfection after liver transplant with silibinin in nonresponders to pegylated interferon-based therapy. Exp.Clin.Transplant. 2011;9(1):1-6.
• Evans BK, Levine DF, Mayberry JF, and et al. Multicentre trial of peppermint oil capsules in irritable bowel syndrome. Scand J Gastroenterol 1982;17:503.
• Evans CEL. Sugars and health: a review of current evidence and future policy. Proc Nutr Soc. 2017 Aug;76(3):400-407. doi: 10.1017/S0029665116002846. Epub 2016 Dec 5. PMID: 27916004.
• Evans JA, Johnson EJ. The role of phytonutrients in skin health. Nutrients. 2010 Aug;2(8):903-28. doi: 10.3390/nu2080903. Epub 2010 Aug 24. PMID: 22254062; PMCID: PMC3257702.
• Eybl, V., Kotyzova, D., and Bludovska, M. The effect of curcumin on cadmium-induced oxidative damage and trace elements level in the liver of rats and mice. Toxicol Lett. 6-15-2004;151(1):79-85.
• Fallah Huseini, H., Larijani, B., Fakhrzadeh, H., Rajabi Pour, B., Akhondzadeh, S., Toliat, T., and Heshmat, R. The clinical trial of Silybum Marianum seed extract (Silymarin) on type II diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia. Iran J.Diabetes Lipid Disord. 2004;3(2):201-206.
• Fallahzadeh, M. K., Dormanesh, B., Sagheb, M. M., Roozbeh, J., Vessal, G., Pakfetrat, M., Daneshbod, Y., Kamali-Sarvestani, E., and Lankarani, K. B. Effect of addition of silymarin to renin-angiotensin system inhibitors on proteinuria in type 2 diabetic patients with overt nephropathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am.J.Kidney Dis. 2012;60(6):896-903.
• Fan, C., Wo, X., Qian, Y., Yin, J., and Gao, L. Effect of curcumin on the expression of LDL receptor in mouse macrophages. J Ethnopharmacol. 4-21-2006;105(1-2):251-254.
• Fang, X. D., Yang, F., Zhu, L., Shen, Y. L., Wang, L. L., and Chen, Y. Y. Curcumin ameliorates high glucose-induced acute vascular endothelial dysfunction in rat thoracic aorta. Clin Exp.Pharmacol Physiol 2009;36(12):1177-1182.
• Fazlara, A., Najafzadeh, H., and Lak, E. The potential application of plant essential oils as natural preservatives against Escherichia coli O157:H7. Pak.J Biol.Sci. 9-1-2008;11(17):2054-2061.
• Fecka, I. and Turek, S. Determination of water-soluble polyphenolic compounds in commercial herbal teas from Lamiaceae: peppermint, melissa, and sage. J Agric.Food Chem 12-26-2007;55(26):10908-10917.
• Feher J, Deak G, Muzes G, et al. [Liver-protective action of silymarin therapy in chronic alcoholic liver diseases]. Orv Hetil 1989;130:2723-7.
• Feher, J., Lang, I., Nekam, K., Muzes, G., and Deak, G. Effect of free radical scavengers on superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Acta Med Hung. 1988;45(3-4):265-276.
• Fenclova M, Novakova A, Viktorova J, et al. Poor chemical and microbiological quality of the commercial milk thistle-based dietary supplements may account for their reported unsatisfactory and non-reproducible clinical outcomes. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):11118.
• Feng J, Li Z, Tian L, et al. Efficacy and safety of curcuminoids alone in alleviating pain and dysfunction for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022;22(1):276.
• Feng XG, Hao WJ, Ding Z, et al. Clinical study on tongyan spray for post-stroke dysphagia patients: a randomized controlled trial. Chin J Integr Med. 2012;18:345-9.
• Feng, X. Z. [Effect of peppermint oil hot compresses in preventing abdominal distension in postoperative gynecological patients]. Zhonghua Hu Li Za Zhi. 1997;32(10):577-578.
• Ferenci P, Dragosics B, Dittrich H, et al. Randomized controlled trial of silymarin treatment in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. J Hepatol 1989;9:105-13.
• Fetrow CW, Avila JR. Professional’s Handbook of Complementary & Alternative Medicines. 1st ed. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse Corp., 1999.
• Fiala, M., Liu, P. T., Espinosa-Jeffrey, A., Rosenthal, M. J., Bernard, G., Ringman, J. M., Sayre, J., Zhang, L., Zaghi, J., Dejbakhsh, S., Chiang, B., Hui, J., Mahanian, M., Baghaee, A., Hong, P., and Cashman, J. Innate immunity and transcription of MGAT-III and Toll-like receptors in Alzheimer’s disease patients are improved by bisdemethoxycurcumin. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S A 7-31-2007;104(31):12849-12854.
• Ficker, C. E., Arnason, J. T., Vindas, P. S., Alvarez, L. P., Akpagana, K., Gbeassor, M., De Souza, C., and Smith, M. L. Inhibition of human pathogenic fungi by ethnobotanically selected plant extracts. Mycoses 2003;46(1-2):29-37.
• Ficker, C., Smith, M. L., Akpagana, K., Gbeassor, M., Zhang, J., Durst, T., Assabgui, R., and Arnason, J. T. Bioassay-guided isolation and identification of antifungal compounds from ginger. Phytother.Res. 2003;17(8):897-902.
• Fintelmann V. Zur Therapie der Fettleber mit Silymarin. Therapiewoche 1970;20:1055-2064.
• Fischer-Rasmussen W, Kjaer SK, Dahl C, Asping U. Ginger treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1991;38:19-24.
• Flaig, T. W., Glode, M., Gustafson, D., van, Bokhoven A., Tao, Y., Wilson, S., Su, L. J., Li, Y., Harrison, G., Agarwal, R., Crawford, E. D., Lucia, M. S., and Pollak, M. A study of high-dose oral silybin-phytosome followed by prostatectomy in patients with localized prostate cancer. Prostate 6-1-2010;70(8):848-855.
• Flora K, Hahn M, Rosen H, Benner K. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) for the therapy of liver disease. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:139-43.
• Flory, P. J., Krug, G., Lorenz, D., and Mennicke, W. H. [Studies on elimination of silymarin in cholecystectomized patients. I. Biliary and renal elimination after a single oral dose]. Planta Med 1980;38(3):227-237.
• Flynn, D. L., Rafferty, M. F., and Boctor, A. M. Inhibition of 5-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) formation in intact human neutrophils by naturally-occurring diarylheptanoids: inhibitory activities of curcuminoids and yakuchinones. Prostaglandins Leukot.Med. 1986;22(3):357-360.
• Ford, A. C., Talley, N. J., Spiegel, B. M., Foxx-Orenstein, A. E., Schiller, L., Quigley, E. M., and Moayyedi, P. Effect of fibre, antispasmodics, and peppermint oil in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2008;337:a2313.
• Foster S, Tyler VE. Tyler’s Honest Herbal, 4th ed., Binghamton, NY: Haworth Herbal Press, 1999.
• Fouda, A. M. and Berika, M. Y. Evaluation of the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Zingiber officinale rhizomes in rat collagen-induced arthritis. Basic Clin Pharmacol.Toxicol. 2009;104(3):262-271.
• Frautschy, S. A., Hu, W., Kim, P., Miller, S. A., Chu, T., Harris-White, M. E., and Cole, G. M. Phenolic anti-inflammatory antioxidant reversal of Abeta-induced cognitive deficits and neuropathology. Neurobiol.Aging 2001;22(6):993-1005.
• Freedman ND, Curto TM, Morishima C, et al. Silymarin use and liver disease progression in the hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment against Cirrhosis Trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011;33:127-37.
• Freise, J. and Kohler, S. [Peppermint oil-caraway oil fixed combination in non-ulcer dyspepsia– comparison of the effects of enteric preparations]. Pharmazie 1999;54(3):210-215.
• Frerick F, Kuhn U, and Strenge-Hesse A. Silymarin–ein Phytopharmakon zur Behandlung toxischen Leberschaden: Anwendungsbeobachtung bei 2169 Patienten. Kassenarzt 1990;33:36-41.
• Fried, M. W., Navarro, V. J., Afdhal, N., Belle, S. H., Wahed, A. S., Hawke, R. L., Doo, E., Meyers, C. M., and Reddy, K. R. Effect of silymarin (milk thistle) on liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C unsuccessfully treated with interferon therapy: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 7-18-2012;308(3):274-282.
• Frondoza CG, Sohrabi A, Polotsky A, et al. An in vitro screening assay for inhibitors of proinflammatory mediators in herbal extracts using human synoviocyte cultures. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2004;40:95-101.
• Fung FY, Wong WH, Ang SK, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled study on the anti-haemostatic effects of Curcuma longa, Angelica sinensis and Panax ginseng. Phytomedicine. 2017;32:88-96.
• Funk, J. L., Frye, J. B., Oyarzo, J. N., Kuscuoglu, N., Wilson, J., McCaffrey, G., Stafford, G., Chen, G., Lantz, R. C., Jolad, S. D., Solyom, A. M., Kiela, P. R., and Timmermann, B. N. Efficacy and mechanism of action of turmeric supplements in the treatment of experimental arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(11):3452-3464.
• Futrell, J. M. and Rietschel, R. L. Spice allergy evaluated by results of patch tests. Cutis 1993;52(5):288-290.
• Gaedeke, J., Fels, L. M., Bokemeyer, C., Mengs, U., Stolte, H., and Lentzen, H. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity and protection by silibinin. Nephrol.Dial.Transplant. 1996;11(1):55-62.
• Gamissans M, Expósito-Serrano V, López-Llunell C, Valdivieso L, Garbayo-Salmons P. Bullous pemphigoid triggered by Silybum marianum: an unexpected side effect of an herbal remedy. Int J Dermatol. 2021 Aug 7. doi: 10.1111/ijd.15822.
• Ganta, S., Devalapally, H., and Amiji, M. Curcumin enhances oral bioavailability and anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel upon administration in nanoemulsion formulation. J Pharm Sci 2010;99(11):4630-4641.
• Gao, M., Singh, A., Macri, K., Reynolds, C., Singhal, V., Biswal, S., and Spannhake, E. W. Antioxidant components of naturally-occurring oils exhibit marked anti-inflammatory activity in epithelial cells of the human upper respiratory system. Respir.Res 2011;12:92.
• Garcea, G., Berry, D. P., Jones, D. J., Singh, R., Dennison, A. R., Farmer, P. B., Sharma, R. A., Steward, W. P., and Gescher, A. J. Consumption of the putative chemopreventive agent curcumin by cancer patients: assessment of curcumin levels in the colorectum and their pharmacodynamic consequences. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14(1):120-125.
• Garcia-Alloza, M., Borrelli, L. A., Rozkalne, A., Hyman, B. T., and Bacskai, B. J. Curcumin labels amyloid pathology in vivo, disrupts existing plaques, and partially restores distorted neurites in an Alzheimer mouse model. J Neurochem. 2007;102(4):1095-1104.
• Gatti, G. and Perucca, E. Plasma concentrations of free and conjugated silybin after oral intake of a silybin-phosphatidylcholine complex (silipide) in healthy volunteers. Int.J Clin Pharmacol.Ther. 1994;32(11):614-617.
• Geiger J. The essential oil of ginger, Zingiber officinale, and anaesthesia. Int J Aromather 2005;15:7-14.
• Gelal, A., Jacob, P., III, Yu, L., and Benowitz, N. L. Disposition kinetics and effects of menthol. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999;66(2):128-135.
• Geuenich, S., Goffinet, C., Venzke, S., Nolkemper, S., Baumann, I., Plinkert, P., Reichling, J., and Keppler, O. T. Aqueous extracts from peppermint, sage and lemon balm leaves display potent anti-HIV-1 activity by increasing the virion density. Retrovirology. 2008;5:27.
• Ghaffari A, Rafraf M, Navekar R, Sepehri B, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Ghavami SM. Turmeric and chicory seed have beneficial effects on obesity markers and lipid profile in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2019;89(5-6):293-302. doi: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000568.
• Ghaffari P, Hosseininik M, Afrasiabifar A, et al. The effect of fennel seed powder on estradiol levels, menopausal symptoms, and sexual desire in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2020;27(11):1281-6.
• Ghanbarzadeh-Ghashti N, Ghanbari-Homaie S, Shaseb E, Abbasalizadeh S, Mirghafourvand M. The effect of Curcumin on metabolic parameters and androgen level in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Endocr Disord 2023;23(1):40.
• Gharagozloo, M., Moayedi, B., Zakerinia, M., Hamidi, M., Karimi, M., Maracy, M., and Amirghofran, Z. Combined therapy of silymarin and desferrioxamine in patients with beta-thalassemia major: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Fundam.Clin.Pharmacol. 2009;23(3):359-365.
• Ghayur MN, Gilani AH. Ginger lowers blood pressure through blockade of voltage-dependent calcium channels. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2005;45:74-80.
• Ghayur, M. N. and Gilani, A. H. Pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of ginger in gastrointestinal disorders. Dig.Dis.Sci 2005;50(10):1889-1897.
• Ghayur, M. N., Gilani, A. H., Afridi, M. B., and Houghton, P. J. Cardiovascular effects of ginger aqueous extract and its phenolic constituents are mediated through multiple pathways. Vascul.Pharmacol. 2005;43(4):234-241.
• Ghayur, M. N., Gilani, A. H., and Janssen, L. J. Ginger attenuates acetylcholine-induced contraction and Ca2+ signalling in murine airway smooth muscle cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2008;86(5):264-271.
• Gherman, C., Culea, M., and Cozar, O. Comparative analysis of some active principles of herb plants by GC/MS. Talanta 10-2-2000;53(1):253-262.
• Ghiasian M, Nafisi H, Ranjbar A, Mohammadi Y, Ataei S. Antioxidative effects of silymarin on the reduction of liver complications of fingolimod in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a clinical trial study. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021.
• Ghosh, A. K., Kay, N. E., Secreto, C. R., and Shanafelt, T. D. Curcumin inhibits prosurvival pathways in chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells and may overcome their stromal protection in combination with EGCG. Clin Cancer Res 2-15-2009;15(4):1250-1258.
• Gilad O, Rosner G, Ivancovsky-Wajcman D, et al. Efficacy of wholistic turmeric supplement on adenomatous polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis-A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Genes (Basel) 2022;13(12):2182.
• Gilligan NP. The palliation of nausea in hospice and palliative care patients with essential oils of Pimpinella anisum (aniseed), Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce (sweet fennel), Anthemis nobilis (Roman chamomile) and Mentha x piperita (peppermint). International Journal of Aromatherapy (INT J AROMATHERAPY) 2005;15(4):163-167.
• Giorgi, V. S., Peracoli, M. T., Peracoli, J. C., Witkin, S. S., and Bannwart-Castro, C. F. Silibinin modulates the NF-kappab pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokine production by mononuclear cells from preeclamptic women. J.Reprod.Immunol. 2012;95(1-2):67-72.
• Gobel H, Fresenius J, Heinze A, et al. [Effectiveness of Oleum menthae piperitae and paracetamol in therapy of headache of the tension type]. Nervenarzt 1996;67:672-81.
• Gobel H, Schmidt G, Soyka D. Effect of peppermint and eucalyptus oil preparations on neurophysiological and experimental algesimetric headache parameters. Cephalalgia 1994;14:228-34;discussion 182.
• Goerg, K. J. and Spilker, T. Effect of peppermint oil and caraway oil on gastrointestinal motility in healthy volunteers: a pharmacodynamic study using simultaneous determination of gastric and gall-bladder emptying and orocaecal transit time. Aliment.Pharmacol Ther 2003;17(3):445-451.
• Goh, C. L. and Ng, S. K. Allergic contact dermatitis to Curcuma longa (turmeric). Contact Dermatitis 1987;17(3):186.
• Gonda, R., Takeda, K., Shimizu, N., and Tomoda, M. Characterization of a neutral polysaccharide having activity on the reticuloendothelial system from the rhizome of Curcuma longa. Chem.Pharm Bull.(Tokyo) 1992;40(1):185-188.
• Gonda, R., Tomoda, M., Shimizu, N., and Kanari, M. Characterization of polysaccharides having activity on the reticuloendothelial system from the rhizome of Curcuma longa. Chem.Pharm Bull.(Tokyo) 1990;38(2):482-486.
• Gonda, R., Tomoda, M., Takada, K., Ohara, N., and Shimizu, N. The core structure of ukonan A, a phagocytosis-activating polysaccharide from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, and immunological activities of degradation products. Chem.Pharm Bull.(Tokyo) 1992;40(4):990-993.
• Goodarzi R, Sabzian K, Shishehbor F, Mansoori A. Does turmeric/curcumin supplementation improve serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res. 2019;33(3):561-570.
• Gopalan, B., Goto, M., Kodama, A., and Hirose, T. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of turmeric (Curcuma longa). J Agric.Food Chem. 2000;48(6):2189-2192.
• Gorabi AM, Abbasifard M, Imani D, et al. Effect of curcumin on C-reactive protein as a biomarker of systemic inflammation: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2021.
• Goralczyk R. Beta-carotene and lung cancer in smokers: review of hypotheses and status of research. Nutr Cancer. 2009;61(6):767-74. doi: 10.1080/01635580903285155. PMID: 20155614.
• Gota, V. S., Maru, G. B., Soni, T. G., Gandhi, T. R., Kochar, N., and Agarwal, M. G. Safety and pharmacokinetics of a solid lipid curcumin particle formulation in osteosarcoma patients and healthy volunteers. J Agric.Food Chem 2-24-2010;58(4):2095-2099.
• Goto, H., Sasaki, Y., Fushimi, H., Shibahara, N., Shimada, Y., and Komatsu, K. Effect of curcuma herbs on vasomotion and hemorheology in spontaneously hypertensive rat. Am.J Chin Med. 2005;33(3):449-457.
• Gral N, Beani JC, Bonnot D, et al. [Plasma levels of psoralens after celery ingestion]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1993;120:599-603.
• Grammatikopoulou MG, Gkiouras K, Theodoridis X, Asteriou E, Forbes A, Bogdanos DP. Oral Adjuvant Curcumin Therapy for Attaining Clinical Remission in Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients. 2018;10(11). pii: E1737.
• Grandjean-Laquerriere, A., Gangloff, S. C., Le Naour, R., Trentesaux, C., Hornebeck, W., and Guenounou, M. Relative contribution of NF-kappaB and AP-1 in the modulation by curcumin and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate of the UVB-induced cytokine expression by keratinocytes. Cytokine 5-7-2002;18(3):168-177.
• Grant JE and Odlaug BL. Silymarin treatment of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2015;35(3):340-2.
• Grant JE, Redden SA, Chamberlain SR. Milk Thistle Treatment for Children and Adults with Trichotillomania: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Negative Study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2019;39(2):129-34. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001005.
• Grant KA, McLauchlin J, Amar C. Infant botulism: advice on avoiding feeding honey to babies and other possible risk factors. Community Pract. 2013 Jul;86(7):44-6. PMID: 23914481.
• Green, B. G. Menthol modulates oral sensations of warmth and cold. Physiol Behav 1985;35(3):427-434.
• Green, B. G. The sensory effects of l-menthol on human skin. Somatosens.Mot.Res 1992;9(3):235-244.
• Greenway FL, Liu Z, Martin CK, et al. Safety and efficacy of NT, an herbal supplement, in treating human obesity. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006;30:1737-41.
• Grigoleit H. G. and Grigoleit, P. Peppermint oil in irritable bowel syndrome. Phytomedicine 2005;12:601-6.
• Grigoleit, H. G. and Grigoleit, P. Gastrointestinal clinical pharmacology of peppermint oil. Phytomedicine. 2005;12(8):607-611.
• Grigoleit, H. G. and Grigoleit, P. Pharmacology and preclinical pharmacokinetics of peppermint oil. Phytomedicine. 2005;12(8):612-616.
• Grodstein F, Kang JH, Glynn RJ, Cook NR, Gaziano JM. A randomized trial of beta carotene supplementation and cognitive function in men: the Physicians’ Health Study II. Arch Intern Med. 2007 Nov 12;167(20):2184-90. doi: 10.1001/archinte.167.20.2184. PMID: 17998490.
• Grontved A, Brask T, Kambskard J, Hentzer E. Ginger root against seasickness: a controlled trial on the open sea. Acta Otolaryngol 1998;105:45-9.
• Grontved A, Hentzer E. Vertigo-reducing effect of ginger root. A controlled clinical study. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 1986;48:282-6.
• Grungreiff K, Albrecht M, and Strenge-Hesse A. Benefit of medicinal liver therapy in general practice. Med Welt 1995;46:222-227.
• Guarino G, Strollo F, Carbone L, et al. Bioimpedance analysis, metabolic effects and safety of the association Berberis aristata/Bilybum marianum: a 52-week double-blind, placebo-controlled study in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2017;31(2):495-502.
• Gufford BT, Chen G, Vergara AG, et al. Milk Thistle Constituents Inhibit Raloxifene Intestinal Glucuronidation: A Potential Clinically Relevant Natural Product-Drug Interaction. Drug Metab Dispos. 2015;43(9):1353-9.
• Guh, J. H., Ko, F. N., Jong, T. T., and Teng, C. M. Antiplatelet effect of gingerol isolated from Zingiber officinale. J Pharm.Pharmacol. 1995;47(4):329-332.
• Guimaraes, M. R., Coimbra, L. S., de Aquino, S. G., Spolidorio, L. C., Kirkwood, K. L., and Rossa, C., Jr. Potent anti-inflammatory effects of systemically administered curcumin modulate periodontal disease in vivo. J Periodontal Res 2011;46(2):269-279.
• Gül A, Pehlivan T. Antioxidant activities of some monofloral honey types produced across Turkey. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2018 Sep;25(6):1056-1065. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.02.011. Epub 2018 Feb 21. PMID: 30174502; PMCID: PMC6117250.
• Gupta SC, Patchva S, Aggarwal BB. Therapeutic roles of curcumin: lessons learned from clinical trials. AAPS J. 2013;15(1):195-218.
• Gupta, Y. K. and Sharma, M. Reversal of pyrogallol-induced delay in gastric emptying in rats by ginger (Zingiber officinale). Methods Find.Exp.Clin Pharmacol. 2001;23(9):501-503.
• Gurley B. J., Hubbard M. A., Williams D. K., et al. Assessing the clinical significance of botanical supplementation on human cytochrome P450 3A activity: comparison of a milk thistle and black cohosh product to rifampin and clarithromycin. J Clin Pharmacol 2006;46:201-13.
• Gurley B. J., Gardner S. .F, Hubbard M. .A, et al. In vivo assessment of botanical supplementation on human cytochrome P450 phenotypes: Citrus aurantium, Echinacea purpurea, milk thistle, and saw palmetto. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;76:428-40. .
• Gurley, B. J., Barone, G. W., Williams, D. K., Carrier, J., Breen, P., Yates, C. R., Song, P. F., Hubbard, M. A., Tong, Y., and Cheboyina, S. Effect of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) supplementation on digoxin pharmacokinetics in humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006;34(1):69-74.
• Gutierrez, J., Rodriguez, G., Barry-Ryan, C., and Bourke, P. Efficacy of plant essential oils against foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria associated with ready-to-eat vegetables: antimicrobial and sensory screening. J Food Prot. 2008;71(9):1846-1854.
• Habib, S. H., Makpol, S., Abdul, Hamid NA, Das, S., Ngah, W. Z., and Yusof, Y. A. Ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects on ethionine-induced hepatoma rats. Clinics.(Sao Paulo) 2008;63(6):807-813.
• Haeseler, G., Maue, D., Grosskreutz, J., Bufler, J., Nentwig, B., Piepenbrock, S., Dengler, R., and Leuwer, M. Voltage-dependent block of neuronal and skeletal muscle sodium channels by thymol and menthol. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2002;19(8):571-579.
• Haghighi M, Khalva A, Toliat T, Jallaei S. Comparing the effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract and ibuprofen on patients with osteoarthritis. Arch Iran Med 2005;8:267-71.
• Haines SR, McCann MJ, Grosvenor AJ, Thomas A, Noble A, Clerens S. ACE inhibitory peptides in standard and fermented deer velvet: an in silico and in vitro investigation. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019 Dec 5;19(1):350.
• Hajimoosayi F, Jahanian Sadatmahalleh S, Kazemnejad A, Pirjani R. Effect of ginger on the blood glucose level of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with impaired glucose tolerance test (GTT): a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2020;20(1):116.
• Halegoua-DeMarzio D, Navarro V, Ahmad J, et al. Liver injury associated with turmeric-A growing problem: Ten cases from the drug-induced liver injury network [DILIN]. Am J Med. 2022:S0002-9343(22)00740-9.
• Hallajzadeh J, Milajerdi A, Kolahdooz F, Amirani E, Mirzaei H, Asemi Z. The effects of curcumin supplementation on endothelial function: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2019;33(11):2989-95. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6477.
• Hamzeh S, Safari-Faramani R, Khatony A. Effects of Aromatherapy with Lavender and Peppermint Essential Oils on the Sleep Quality of Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020;2020:7480204.
• Han JY, Moosvi Z, Duh E, Park S, Albers GC, Samarasena JB, Karnes W. Oral IBGard Before Colonoscopy: A Single-Center Double-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Dig Dis Sci. 2020.
• Han, L. K., Morimoto, C., Zheng, Y. N., Li, W., Asami, E., Okuda, H., and Saito, M. [Effects of zingerone on fat storage in ovariectomized rats]. Yakugaku Zasshi 2008;128(8):1195-1201.
• Hanai, H., Iida, T., Takeuchi, K., Watanabe, F., Maruyama, Y., Andoh, A., Tsujikawa, T., Fujiyama, Y., Mitsuyama, K., Sata, M., Yamada, M., Iwaoka, Y., Kanke, K., Hiraishi, H., Hirayama, K., Arai, H., Yoshii, S., Uchijima, M., Nagata, T., and Koide, Y. Curcumin maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis: randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Gastroenterol.Hepatol. 2006;4(12):1502-1506.
• Hansell EJ, Brett A, Škarabot J, James LJ, Clifford T. Curcumin Attenuates Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness and Muscle Function Deficits Following a Soccer Match in Male Professional Soccer Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023;18(4):347-353.View abstract.
• Hansen B, Babiak G, Schilling M, and et al. A mixture of volatile oils in treatment of common cold. Therapiewoche 1984;34(13):2015-2019.
• Harb T, Matsuyama M, David M, Hill RJ. Infant Colic-What works: A Systematic Review of Interventions for Breast-fed Infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2016;62(5):668-86.
• Harney, J. W., Barofsky, I. M., and Leary, J. D. Behavioral and toxicological studies of cyclopentanoid monoterpenes from Nepeta cataria. Lloydia. 1978;41(4):367-374.
• Haroyan A, Mukuchyan V, Mkrtchyan N, et al. Efficacy and safety of curcumin and its combination with boswellic acid in osteoarthritis: a comparative, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018;18(1):7.
• Hasani-Ranjbar, S., Larijani, B., and Abdollahi, M. A systematic review of the potential herbal sources of future drugs effective in oxidant-related diseases. Inflamm.Allergy Drug Targets. 2009;8(1):2-10.
• Hasani-Ranjbar, S., Nayebi, N., Moradi, L., Mehri, A., Larijani, B., and Abdollahi, M. The efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia; a systematic review. Curr.Pharm.Des 2010;16(26):2935-2947.
• Hashemzadeh K, Davoudian N, Jaafari MR, Mirfeizi Z. The effect of nanocurcumin on the improvement symptoms of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2019 Dec 23. doi: 10.2174/1874471013666191223152658. [Epub ahead of print].
• Hata M, Sasaki E, Ota M, et al . Allergic contact dermatitis from curcumin (turmeric). Contact Dermatitis 1997;36:107-8.
• Hawke, R. L., Schrieber, S. J., Soule, T. A., Wen, Z., Smith, P. C., Reddy, K. R., Wahed, A. S., Belle, S. H., Afdhal, N. H., Navarro, V. J., Berman, J., Liu, Q. Y., Doo, E., and Fried, M. W. Silymarin ascending multiple oral dosing phase I study in noncirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C. J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2010;50(4):434-449.
• Hawthorne M, Ferrante J, and et al. The actions of peppermint oil and menthol on calcium channel dependent processes in intestinal, neuronal and cardiac preparations. J Aliment Pharmacol Therap 1988;2:101-118.
• He, Z. Y., Shi, C. B., Wen, H., Li, F. L., Wang, B. L., and Wang, J. Upregulation of p53 expression in patients with colorectal cancer by administration of curcumin. Cancer Invest 2011;29(3):208-213.
• Heitmann K, Nordeng H, Holst L. Safety of ginger use in pregnancy: results from a large population-based cohort study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2012 Jun 17.
• Henning, S. M., Zhang, Y., Seeram, N. P., Lee, R. P., Wang, P., Bowerman, S., and Heber, D. Antioxidant capacity and phytochemical content of herbs and spices in dry, fresh and blended herb paste form. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2011;62(3):219-225.
• Hergenhahn, M., Soto, U., Weninger, A., Polack, A., Hsu, C. H., Cheng, A. L., and Rosl, F. The chemopreventive compound curcumin is an efficient inhibitor of Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 transcription in Raji DR-LUC cells. Mol.Carcinog. 2002;33(3):137-145.
• Heshmati J, Moini A, Sepidarkish M, et al. Effects of curcumin supplementation on blood glucose, insulin resistance and androgens in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytomedicine 2021 Jan;80:153395. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153395.
• Heuberger, E. and Ilmberger, J. The influence of essential oils on human vigilance. Nat.Prod.Commun. 2010;5(9):1441-1446.
• Hiki, N. [Peppermint oil reduces gastric motility during the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy]. Nihon Rinsho 2010;68(11):2126-2134.
• Hiki, N., Kaminishi, M., Hasunuma, T., Nakamura, M., Nomura, S., Yahagi, N., Tajiri, H., and Suzuki, H. A phase I study evaluating tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of L-menthol in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011;90(2):221-228.
• Hiki, N., Kaminishi, M., Yasuda, K., Uedo, N., Kobari, M., Sakai, T., Hiratsuka, T., Ohno, K., Honjo, H., Nomura, S., Yahagi, N., Tajiri, H., and Suzuki, H. Multicenter phase II randomized study evaluating dose-response of antiperistaltic effect of L-menthol sprayed onto the gastric mucosa for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Dig Endosc 2012;24(2):79-86.
• Hiki, N., Kurosaka, H., Tatsutomi, Y., Shimoyama, S., Tsuji, E., Kojima, J., Shimizu, N., Ono, H., Hirooka, T., Noguchi, C., Mafune, K., and Kaminishi, M. Peppermint oil reduces gastric spasm during upper endoscopy: a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy controlled trial. Gastrointest Endosc 2003;57(4):475-482.
• Hikino, H., Kiso, Y., Wagner, H., and Fiebig, M. Antihepatotoxic actions of flavonolignans from Silybum marianum fruits. Planta Med 1984;50(3):248-250.
• Hills, J. M. and Aaronson, P. I. The mechanism of action of peppermint oil on gastrointestinal smooth muscle. An analysis using patch clamp electrophysiology and isolated tissue pharmacology in rabbit and guinea pig. Gastroenterology 1991;101(1):55-65.
• Hines, S., Steels, E., Chang, A., and Gibbons, K. Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;4:CD007598.
• Hirata A, Funato H, Nakai M, et al. Ginger Orally Disintegrating Tablets to Improve Swallowing in Older People. Biol Pharm Bull. 2016;39(7):1107-11.
• Hitz, Lindenmuller, I and Lambrecht, J. T. Oral care. Curr Probl.Dermatol 2011;40:107-115.
• Ho, C. and Spence, C. Olfactory facilitation of dual-task performance. Neurosci.Lett. 11-25-2005;389(1):35-40.
• Ho, S. C., Tsai, T. H., Tsai, P. J., and Lin, C. C. Protective capacities of certain spices against peroxynitrite-mediated biomolecular damage. Food Chem.Toxicol. 2008;46(3):920-928.
• Holland, M. L., Panetta, J. A., Hoskins, J. M., Bebawy, M., Roufogalis, B. D., Allen, J. D., and Arnold, J. C. The effects of cannabinoids on P-glycoprotein transport and expression in multidrug resistant cells. Biochem.Pharmacol 4-14-2006;71(8):1146-1154.
• Holt, P. R., Katz, S., and Kirshoff, R. Curcumin therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: a pilot study. Dig.Dis.Sci. 2005;50(11):2191-2193.
• Holtmann G, Madisch A, Juergen H, et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on the effects of an herbal preparation in patients with functional dyspepsia [Abstract]. Ann Mtg Digestive Disease Week 1999 May.
• Holtmann S, Clarke AH, Scherer H, et al. The anti-motion sickness mechanism of ginger. A comparative study with placebo and dimenhydrinate. Acta Otolaryngol. 1989;108:168-74.
• Holtmann, G., Haag, S., Adam, B., Funk, P., Wieland, V., and Heydenreich, C. J. Effects of a fixed combination of peppermint oil and caraway oil on symptoms and quality of life in patients suffering from functional dyspepsia. Phytomedicine. 2003;10 Suppl 4:56-57.
• Holtmann, G., Madisch, A., and Juergen, H. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on the effects of an herbal preparation in patients with functional dyspepsia [Abstract]. Ann Mtg Digestive Disease Week 1999;
• Honda, S., Aoki, F., Tanaka, H., Kishida, H., Nishiyama, T., Okada, S., Matsumoto, I., Abe, K., and Mae, T. Effects of ingested turmeric oleoresin on glucose and lipid metabolisms in obese diabetic mice: a DNA microarray study. J Agric.Food Chem. 11-29-2006;54(24):9055-9062.
• Horie, S., Yamamoto, H., Michael, G. J., Uchida, M., Belai, A., Watanabe, K., Priestley, J. V., and Murayama, T. Protective role of vanilloid receptor type 1 in HCl-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. Scand.J Gastroenterol. 2004;39(4):303-312.
• Hotta, M., Nakata, R., Katsukawa, M., Hori, K., Takahashi, S., and Inoue, H. Carvacrol, a component of thyme oil, activates PPARalpha and gamma and suppresses COX-2 expression. J Lipid Res 2010;51(1):132-139.
• Hou, X. L., Takahashi, K., Kinoshita, N., Qiu, F., Tanaka, K., Komatsu, K., Takahashi, K., and Azuma, J. Possible inhibitory mechanism of Curcuma drugs on CYP3A4 in 1alpha,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 treated Caco-2 cells. Int.J Pharm 6-7-2007;337(1-2):169-177.
• Hou, X. L., Takahashi, K., Tanaka, K., Tougou, K., Qiu, F., Komatsu, K., Takahashi, K., and Azuma, J. Curcuma drugs and curcumin regulate the expression and function of P-gp in Caco-2 cells in completely opposite ways. Int.J Pharm 6-24-2008;358(1-2):224-229.
• Hruby K, Csomos G, Fuhrmann M, Thaler H. Chemotherapy of Amanita phalloides poisoning with intravenous silibinin. Hum Toxicol 1983;2:183-95.
• Hsiao AF, Lien YC, Tzeng IS, Liu CT, Chou SH, Horng YS. The efficacy of high- and low-dose curcumin in knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med 2021;63:102775.
• Hu ML, Rayner CK, Wu KL, et al. Effect of ginger on gastric motility and symptoms of functional dyspepsia. World J Gastroenterol. 2011;17:105-10.
• Hu Y, Amoah AN, Zhang H, et al. Effect of ginger in the treatment of nausea and vomiting compared with vitamin B6 and placebo during pregnancy: a meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020:1-10.
• Hu, G. X., Liang, G., Chu, Y., Li, X., Lian, Q. Q., Lin, H., He, Y., Huang, Y., Hardy, D. O., and Ge, R. S. Curcumin derivatives inhibit testicular 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3. Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett. 4-15-2010;20(8):2549-2551.
• Hu, Y., Du, Q., and Tang, Q. [Determination of chemical constituents of the volatile oil from Curcuma longa by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry]. Se.Pu. 1998;16(6):528-529.
• Huang, C. Y., Chen, J. H., Tsai, C. H., Kuo, W. W., Liu, J. Y., and Chang, Y. C. Regulation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase signaling in human osteosarcoma cells stimulated with nicotine. J Periodontal Res 2005;40(2):176-181.
• Huang, H. C., Jan, T. R., and Yeh, S. F. Inhibitory effect of curcumin, an anti-inflammatory agent, on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Eur.J Pharmacol. 10-20-1992;221(2-3):381-384.
• Huang, M. T., Deschner, E. E., Newmark, H. L., Wang, Z. Y., Ferraro, T. A., and Conney, A. H. Effect of dietary curcumin and ascorbyl palmitate on azoxymethanol- induced colonic epithelial cell proliferation and focal areas of dysplasia. Cancer Lett. 6-15-1992;64(2):117-121.
• Huang, M. T., Lysz, T., Ferraro, T., Abidi, T. F., Laskin, J. D., and Conney, A. H. Inhibitory effects of curcumin on in vitro lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activities in mouse epidermis. Cancer Res. 2-1-1991;51(3):813-819.
• Hunt R, Dienemann J, Norton HJ, Hartley W, Hudgens A, Stern T, Divine G. Aromatherapy as treatment for postoperative nausea: a randomized trial. Anesth Analg 2013;117(3):597-604.
• Hur MH, Park J, Maddock-Jennings W, Kim DO and Lee MS. Reduction of mouth malodour and volatile sulphur compounds in intensive care patients using an essential oil mouthwash. Phytother Res 2007;21(7):641-643.
• Hurrell RF, Reddy M, Cook JD. Inhibition of non-haem iron absorption in man by polyphenolic-containing beverages. Br J Nutr 1999;81:289-95.
• Huseini HF, Larijani B, Heshmat R, et al. The efficacy of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (silymarin) in the treatment of type II diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Phytother Res 2006;20;1036-9.
• Hussaarts KGAM, Hurkmans DP, Oomen-de Hoop E, et al. Impact of curcumin (with or without piperine) on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(3):403.
• Hussain, M. S. and Chandrasekhara, N. Effect on curcumin on cholesterol gall-stone induction in mice. Indian J Med.Res. 1992;96:288-291.
• Hussain, S. A. Silymarin as an adjunct to glibenclamide therapy improves long-term and postprandial glycemic control and body mass index in type 2 diabetes. J.Med.Food 2007;10(3):543-547.
• Iakimchuk, G. N. and Gendrikson, L. N. [Study of clinical efficiency of essential phospholipids and silymarin combination in nonalcoholic and alcoholic steatohepatitis]. Eksp.Klin.Gastroenterol. 2011;(7):64-69.
• Ibrahim SMA, Farag AS, Ali MS, El-Gendy WMAF. Efficacy and safety of topical silymarin versus low fluence 1064-nm Q switched Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of melasma: a comparative randomized trial. Lasers Surg Med 2021.
• Iftikhar F, Arshad M, Rasheed F, Amraiz D, Anwar P, Gulfraz M. Effects of acacia honey on wound healing in various rat models. Phytother Res. 2010 Apr;24(4):583-6. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2990. PMID: 19813239.
• Iida, H., Inamori, M., Uchiyama, T., Endo, H., Hosono, K., Akiyama, T., Sakamoto, Y., Fujita, K., Takahashi, H., Yoneda, M., Koide, T., Tokoro, C., Goto, A., Abe, Y., Kobayashi, N., Kirikoshi, H., Kubota, K., Saito, S., and Nakajima, A. Early effects of oral administration of lafutidine with peppermint oil, compared with lafutidine alone, on intragastric pH values. Hepatogastroenterology 2011;58(105):235-238.
• Ilmberger, J., Heuberger, E., Mahrhofer, C., Dessovic, H., Kowarik, D., and Buchbauer, G. The influence of essential oils on human attention. I: alertness. Chem Senses 2001;26(3):239-245.
• Imagawa A, Hata H, Nakatsu M, et al. Peppermint oil solution is useful as an antispasmodic drug for esophagogastroduodenoscopy, especially for elderly patients. Dig Dis Sci 2012;57:2379-84.
• Imam Z, Khasawneh M, Jomaa D, Iftikhar H, Sayedahmad Z. Drug induced liver injury attributed to a curcumin supplement. Case Rep Gastrointest Med 2019 Oct 20;2019:6029403. doi: 10.1155/2019/6029403.
• Inamori, M., Akiyama, T., Akimoto, K., Fujita, K., Takahashi, H., Yoneda, M., Abe, Y., Kubota, K., Saito, S., Ueno, N., and Nakajima, A. Early effects of peppermint oil on gastric emptying: a crossover study using a continuous real-time 13C breath test (BreathID system). J Gastroenterol 2007;42(7):539-542.
• Inano, H. and Onoda, M. Radioprotective action of curcumin extracted from Curcuma longa LINN: inhibitory effect on formation of urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, tumorigenesis, but not mortality, induced by gamma-ray irradiation. Int.J Radiat.Oncol.Biol.Phys. 7-1-2002;53(3):735-743.
• Ingrosso MR, Ianiro G, Nee J, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis: efficacy of peppermint oil in irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022;56(6):932-41.
• Inoue T, Sugimoto Y, Masuda H, Kamei C. Antiallergic effect of flavonoid glycosides obtained from Mentha piperita L. Biol Pharm Bull 2002;25:256-9.
• Inoue T, Sugimoto Y, Masuda H, Kamei C. Effects of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) extracts on experimental allergic rhinitis in rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2001;24:92-5.
• Inouye, S., Uchida, K., Nishiyama, Y., Hasumi, Y., Yamaguchi, H., and Abe, S. Combined effect of heat, essential oils and salt on fungicidal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes in a foot bath. Nippon Ishinkin.Gakkai Zasshi 2007;48(1):27-36.
• Ippoushi, K., Azuma, K., Ito, H., Horie, H., and Higashio, H. [6]-Gingerol inhibits nitric oxide synthesis in activated J774.1 mouse macrophages and prevents peroxynitrite-induced oxidation and nitration reactions. Life Sci 11-14-2003;73(26):3427-3437.
• Ippoushi, K., Ito, H., Horie, H., and Azuma, K. Mechanism of inhibition of peroxynitrite-induced oxidation and nitration by [6]-gingerol. Planta Med 2005;71(6):563-566.
• Iqbal, Z., Lateef, M., Akhtar, M. S., Ghayur, M. N., and Gilani, A. H. In vivo anthelmintic activity of ginger against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. J Ethnopharmacol. 6-30-2006;106(2):285-287.
• Iscan G, Kirimer N, Kurkcuoglu M, et al. Antimicrobial screening of Mentha piperita essential oils. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50:3943-6.
• Islam MS, Choi H. Comparative effects of dietary ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum) investigated in a type 2 diabetes model of rats. J Med Food. 2008;11:152-9.
• Istasse T, Jacquet N, Berchem T, Haubruge E, Nguyen BK, Richel A. Extraction of Honey Polyphenols: Method Development and Evidence of Cis Isomerization. Anal Chem Insights. 2016 Aug 10;11:49-57. doi: 10.4137/ACI.S39739. PMID: 27547032; PMCID: PMC4981221.
• Jacobs, B. P., Dennehy, C., Ramirez, G., Sapp, J., and Lawrence, V. A. Milk thistle for the treatment of liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med 10-15-2002;113(6):506-515.
• Jadad, A. R., Moore, R. A., Carroll, D., Jenkinson, C., Reynolds, D. J., Gavaghan, D. J., and McQuay, H. J. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin.Trials 1996;17(1):1-12.
• Jafarimanesh H, Akbari M, Hoseinian R, Zarei M, Harorani M. The effect of peppermint (Mentha piperita) extract on the severity of nausea, vomiting and anorexia in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy: A randomized controlled trial. Integr Cancer Ther. 2020;19:1534735420967084.
• Jailwala, J., Imperiale, T. F., and Kroenke, K. Pharmacologic treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 7-18-2000;133(2):136-147.
• Jain, S. K., Rains, J., Croad, J., Larson, B., and Jones, K. Curcumin supplementation lowers TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 secretion in high glucose-treated cultured monocytes and blood levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, MCP-1, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic rats. Antioxid.Redox.Signal. 2009;11(2):241-249.
• Jain, V., Prasad, V., Pal, R., and Singh, S. Standardization and stability studies of neuroprotective lipid soluble fraction obtained from Curcuma longa. J Pharm Biomed.Anal. 9-3-2007;44(5):1079-1086.
• Jalloh MA, Gregory PJ, Hein D, et al. Dietary supplement interactions with antiretrovirals: a systematic review. Int J STD AIDS. 2017 Jan;28(1):4-15.
• Jamali N, Adib-Hajbaghery M, Soleimani A. The effect of curcumin ointment on knee pain in older adults with osteoarthritis: a randomized placebo trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020;20(1):305.
• Jamalian M, Mahmodiyeh B, Saveiee S, Solhi H. Investigating the impact of silymarin on liver oxidative injury. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020;9(3):1707-11.
• Jansen WT, Bolm M, Balling R, Chhatwal GS, Schnabel R. Hydrogen peroxide-mediated killing of Caenorhabditis elegans by Streptococcus pyogenes. Infect Immun. 2002 Sep;70(9):5202-7. doi: 10.1128/IAI.70.9.5202-5207.2002. PMID: 12183571; PMCID: PMC128270.
• Janssen, P. L., Meyboom, S., van Staveren, W. A., de Vegt, F., and Katan, M. B. Consumption of ginger (Zingiber officinale roscoe) does not affect ex vivo platelet thromboxane production in humans. Eur.J Clin Nutr. 1996;50(11):772-774.
• Javidnia, K., Dastgheib, L., Mohammadi, Samani S., and Nasiri, A. Antihirsutism activity of Fennel (fruits of Foeniculum vulgare) extract. A double-blind placebo controlled study. Phytomedicine. 2003;10(6-7):455-458.
• Jayasekera, R., Freitas, M. C., and Araujo, M. F. Bulk and trace element analysis of spices: the applicability of k0-standardization and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. J Trace Elem.Med.Biol. 2004;17(4):221-228.
• Jenabi E. The effect of ginger for relieving of primary dysmenorrhoea. J Pak Med Assoc 2013;63(1):8-10.
• Jewell D, Young G. Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(2):CD000145.
• Ji, H. F. and Shen, L. Interactions of curcumin with the PfATP6 model and the implications for its antimalarial mechanism. Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett. 5-1-2009;19(9):2453-2455.
• Ji, M., Choi, J., Lee, J., and Lee, Y. Induction of apoptosis by ar-turmerone on various cell lines. Int.J Mol.Med. 2004;14(2):253-256.
• Jiang N, Zhang M, Meng X, Sun B. Effects of Curcumin on the Pharmacokinetics of Amlodipine in Rats and Its Potential Mechanism. Pharm Biol. 2020;58(1):465-468.
• Jiang X, Blair EY, McLachlan AJ. Investigation of the effects of herbal medicines on warfarin response in healthy subjects: a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling approach. J Clin Pharmacol 2006;46:1370-8.
• Jiang X, Williams KM, Liauw WS, et al. Effect of ginkgo and ginger on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2005;59:425-32.
• Jiang, H., Timmermann, B. N., and Gang, D. R. Use of liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry to identify diarylheptanoids in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) rhizome. J Chromatogr.A 4-7-2006;1111(1):21-31.
• Jiao Z, Shi XJ, Li ZD, et al. Population pharmacokinetics of sirolimus in de novo Chinese adult renal transplant patients. Br.J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2009;68(1):47-60.
• Jiao, Y., Wilkinson, J., Christine, Pietsch E., Buss, J. L., Wang, W., Planalp, R., Torti, F. M., and Torti, S. V. Iron chelation in the biological activity of curcumin. Free Radic.Biol.Med. 4-1-2006;40(7):1152-1160.
• Jiao, Y., Wilkinson, J., Di, X., Wang, W., Hatcher, H., Kock, N. D., D’Agostino, R., Jr., Knovich, M. A., Torti, F. M., and Torti, S. V. Curcumin, a cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent, is a biologically active iron chelator. Blood 1-8-2009;113(2):462-469.
• Jie Z, Chao M, Jun A, Wei S, LiFeng M. Effect of curcumin on diabetic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021;2021:6109406.
• Jolad, S. D., Lantz, R. C., Solyom, A. M., Chen, G. J., Bates, R. B., and Timmermann, B. N. Fresh organically grown ginger (Zingiber officinale): composition and effects on LPS-induced PGE2 production. Phytochemistry 2004;65(13):1937-1954.
• Joshi, H. and Parle, M. Cholinergic basis of memory-strengthening effect of Foeniculum vulgare Linn. J Med Food 2006;9(3):413-417.
• Joshi, J., Ghaisas, S., Vaidya, A., Vaidya, R., Kamat, D. V., Bhagwat, A. N., and Bhide, S. Early human safety study of turmeric oil (Curcuma longa oil) administered orally in healthy volunteers. J Assoc.Physicians India 2003;51:1055-1060.
• Jowkar F, Godarzi H, Parvizi MM. Can we consider silymarin as a treatment option for vitiligo? A double-blind controlled randomized clinical trial of phototherapy plus oral Silybum marianum product versus phototherapy alone. J Dermatolog Treat. 2020;31(3):256-60.
• Juan, H., Terhaag, B., Cong, Z., Bi-Kui, Z., Rong-Hua, Z., Feng, W., Fen-Li, S., Juan, S., Jing, T., and Wen-Xing, P. Unexpected effect of concomitantly administered curcumin on the pharmacokinetics of talinolol in healthy Chinese volunteers. Eur.J Clin Pharmacol 2007;63(7):663-668.
• Jung, H. W., Yoon, C. H., Park, K. M., Han, H. S., and Park, Y. K. Hexane fraction of Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus extract inhibits the production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells via the NF-kappaB pathway. Food Chem.Toxicol. 2009;47(6):1190-1197.
• Juni, P., Altman, D. G., and Egger, M. Systematic reviews in health care: Assessing the quality of controlled clinical trials. BMJ 7-7-2001;323(7303):42-46.
• Junyaprasert, V. B., Soonthornchareonnon, N., Thongpraditchote, S., Murakami, T., and Takano, M. Inhibitory effect of Thai plant extracts on P-glycoprotein mediated efflux. Phytother.Res 2006;20(1):79-81.
• Kadnur, S. V. and Goyal, R. K. Beneficial effects of Zingiber officinale Roscoe on fructose induced hyperlipidemia and hyperinsulinemia in rats. Indian J Exp.Biol. 2005;43(12):1161-1164.
• Kaffenberger, R. M. and Doyle, M. J. Determination of menthol and menthol glucuronide in human urine by gas chromatography using an enzyme-sensitive internal standard and flame ionization detection. J Chromatogr. 4-27-1990;527(1):59-66.
• Kalava A, Darji SJ, Kalstein A, Yarmush JM, SchianodiCola J, Weinberg J. Efficacy of ginger on intraoperative and postoperative nausea and vomiting in elective cesarean section patients. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013;169(2):184-8.
• Kalavala, M., Hughes, T. M., Goodwin, R. G., Anstey, A. V., and Stone, N. M. Allergic contact dermatitis to peppermint foot spray. Contact Dermatitis 2007;57(1):57-58.
• Kalluru H, Mallayasamy SR, Kondaveeti SS, Chandrasekhar V, Kalachaveedu M. Effect of turmeric supplementation on the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel in breast cancer patients: A study with population pharmacokinetics approach. Phytother Res 2022;36(4):1761-1769.
• Kalopitas G, Antza C, Doundoulakis I, et al. Impact of Silymarin in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition. 2021;83:111092.
• Kalpana, C. and Menon, V. P. Curcumin ameliorates oxidative stress during nicotine-induced lung toxicity in Wistar rats. Ital.J Biochem. 2004;53(2):82-86.
• Kalpana, C. and Menon, V. P. Modulatory effects of curcumin on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status during nicotine-induced toxicity. Pol.J Pharmacol 2004;56(5):581-586.
• Kamali A, Beigi S, Shokrpour M, Pazuki S. The efficacy of ginger and doxedetomidine in reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Altern Ther Health Med. 2020;26(2):28-33.
• Kamtchouing, P., Mbongue Fandio, G. Y., Dimo, T., and Jatsa, H. B. Evaluation of androgenic activity of Zingiber officinale and Pentadiplandra brazzeana in male rats. Asian J Androl 2002;4(4):299-301.
• Kanai, M., Imaizumi, A., Otsuka, Y., Sasaki, H., Hashiguchi, M., Tsujiko, K., Matsumoto, S., Ishiguro, H., and Chiba, T. Dose-escalation and pharmacokinetic study of nanoparticle curcumin, a potential anticancer agent with improved bioavailability, in healthy human volunteers. Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol 2012;69(1):65-70.
• Kanerva L, Estlander T, Jolanki R. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices. Contact Dermatitis 1996;35:157-62.
• Kang HY, Na SS and Kim YK. [Effects of oral care with essential oil on improvement in oral health status of hospice patients]. J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(4):473-481.
• Kang SC, Lee CM, Choi H, et al. Evaluation of oriental medicinal herbs for estrogenic and antiproliferative activities. Phytother Res. 2006;20(11):1017-9.
• Karandish M, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Mohammadi SM, Cheraghian B, Azhdari M. The effect of curcumin and zinc co-supplementation on glycemic parameters in overweight or obese prediabetic subjects: A phase 2 randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a multi-arm, parallel-group design. Phytother Res. 2021;35(8):4377-4387.
• Karlapudi V, Prasad Mungara AVV, Sengupta K, Davis BA, Rachaudhuri SP. A placebo-controlled double-blind study demonstrates the clinical efficacy of a novel herbal formulation for relieving joint discomfort in human subjects with osteoarthritis of knee. J Med Food. 2018 May;21(5):511-520.
• Kashefi F, Khajehei M, Alavinia M, Golmakani E, Asili J. Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on heavy menstrual bleeding: a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Phytother Res. 2015;29(1):114-9.
• Kashefi F, Khajehei M, Tabatabaeichehr M, Alavinia M, Asili J. Comparison of the effect of ginger and zinc sulfate on primary dysmenorrhea: a placebo-controlled randomized trial. Pain Manag Nurs. 2014;15(4):826-33.
• Katikova, O. I., Kostin, IaV, and Tishkin, V. S. [Hepatoprotective effect of plant preparations]. Eksp.Klin.Farmakol. 2002;65(1):41-43.
• Katikova, O. I., Kostin, IaV, Iagudina, R. I., and Tishkin, V. S. [Effect of plant preparations on lipid peroxidation parameters in acute toxic hepatitis]. Vopr.Med Khim. 2001;47(6):593-598.
• Katiyar, S. K., Korman, N. J., Mukhtar, H., and Agarwal, R. Protective effects of silymarin against photocarcinogenesis in a mouse skin model. J Natl.Cancer Inst. 4-16-1997;89(8):556-566.
• Kaur, G., Tirkey, N., Bharrhan, S., Chanana, V., Rishi, P., and Chopra, K. Inhibition of oxidative stress and cytokine activity by curcumin in amelioration of endotoxin-induced experimental hepatoxicity in rodents. Clin Exp.Immunol. 2006;145(2):313-321.
• Kawaguchi-Suzuki M, Frye RF, Zhu HJ, et al. The effects of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) on human cytochrome P450 activity. Drug Metab Dispos. 2014;42(10):1611-6.
• Kawamori, T., Lubet, R., Steele, V. E., Kelloff, G. J., Kaskey, R. B., Rao, C. V., and Reddy, B. S. Chemopreventive effect of curcumin, a naturally occurring anti- inflammatory agent, during the promotion/progression stages of colon cancer. Cancer Res 2-1-1999;59(3):597-601.
• Kazemian A, Toghiani A, Shafiei K, et al. Evaluating the efficacy of mixture of Boswellia carterii, Zingiber officinale, and Achillea millefolium on severity of symptoms, anxiety, and depression in irritable bowel syndrome patients. J Res Med Sci. 2017;22:120.
• Khajehdehi, P., Zanjaninejad, B., Aflaki, E., Nazarinia, M., Azad, F., Malekmakan, L., and Dehghanzadeh, G. R. Oral supplementation of turmeric decreases proteinuria, hematuria, and systolic blood pressure in patients suffering from relapsing or refractory lupus nephritis: a randomized and placebo-controlled study. J Ren Nutr 2012;22(1):50-57.
• Khan, M. S., Zahin, M., Hasan, S., Husain, F. M., and Ahmad, I. Inhibition of quorum sensing regulated bacterial functions by plant essential oils with special reference to clove oil. Lett.Appl.Microbiol. 2009;49(3):354-360.
• Khayat S, Fanaei H, Kherikhah M, Moghadam ZB, Kasaeian A, Javadimehr M. Curcumin attenuates severity of premenstrual syndrome symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Complement Ther Med. 2015 Jun;23(3):318-24.
• Kheradpezhouh, E., Panjehshahin, M. R., Miri, R., Javidnia, K., Noorafshan, A., Monabati, A., and Dehpour, A. R. Curcumin protects rats against acetaminophen-induced hepatorenal damages and shows synergistic activity with N-acetyl cysteine. Eur.J Pharmacol 2-25-2010;628(1-3):274-281.
• Khodaie L, Sadeghpoor O. Ginger from ancient times to the new outlook. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2015;10(1):e18402.
• Khonche A, Biglarian O, Panahi Y, et al. Adjunctive therapy with curcumin for peptic ulcer: a randomized controlled trial. Drug Res (Stuttg). 2016 Aug;66(8):444-8.
• Kia SJ, Basirat M, Mortezaie T, Moosavi MS. Comparison of oral nano-curcumin with oral prednisolone on oral lichen planus: a randomized double-blinded clinical trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020;20(1):328.
• Kia, S. J., Basirat, M., Saedi, H. S., Arab, S. A. Effects of nanomicelle curcumin capsules on prevention and treatment of oral mucosits in patients under chemotherapy with or without head and neck radiotherapy: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021;21(1):232.
• Kiec-Swierczynska, M. and Krecisz, B. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis due to curcumin food colour in a pasta factory worker. Contact Dermatitis 1998;39(1):30-31.
• Kiesewetter, E., Leodolter, I., and Thaler, H. [Results of two double-blind studies on the effect of silymarine in chronic hepatitis (author’s transl)]. Leber Magen Darm 1977;7(5):318-323.
• Kim, C. S., Choi, S. J., Park, C. Y., et al. Effects of silybinin on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and its active metabolite, 4-hydroxytamoxifen in rats. Anticancer Res 2010;30:79-85.
• Kim, D. H., Jin, Y. H., Park, J. B., Kobashi, K. Silymarin and its components are inhibitors of beta-glucuronidase. Biol Pharm Bull 1994;17:443-5.
• Kim, I. G., Kang, S. C., Kim, K. C., Choung, E. S., Zee, O. P. Screening of estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities from medicinal plants. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2008;25(1):75-82.
• Kim, J., Lee, Y. N., Lee, J., et al. Efficacy and safety of silymarin containing antioxidant serum as an adjuvant treatment of mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris: A prospective, open-label pilot study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023;22(2):561-568.
• Kim, D. H., Kim, S. I., Chang, K. S., and Ahn, Y. J. Repellent activity of constituents identified in Foeniculum vulgare fruit against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). J.Agric.Food Chem. 11-20-2002;50(24):6993-6996.
• Kim, D. S., Park, S. Y., and Kim, J. K. Curcuminoids from Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) that protect PC12 rat pheochromocytoma and normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells from betaA(1-42) insult. Neurosci.Lett. 4-27-2001;303(1):57-61.
• Kim, H. J. and Jang, Y. P. Direct analysis of curcumin in turmeric by DART-MS. Phytochem.Anal. 2009;20(5):372-377.
• Kim, H. J., Yoo, H. S., Kim, J. C., Park, C. S., Choi, M. S., Kim, M., Choi, H., Min, J. S., Kim, Y. S., Yoon, S. W., and Ahn, J. K. Antiviral effect of Curcuma longa Linn extract against hepatitis B virus replication. J Ethnopharmacol. 7-15-2009;124(2):189-196.
• Kim, H. W., Murakami, A., Abe, M., Ozawa, Y., Morimitsu, Y., Williams, M. V., and Ohigashi, H. Suppressive effects of mioga ginger and ginger constituents on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation, and the expression of inducible pro-inflammatory genes in macrophages. Antioxid.Redox.Signal. 2005;7(11-12):1621-1629.
• Kim, K., Kim, K. H., Kim, H. Y., Cho, H. K., Sakamoto, N., and Cheong, J. Curcumin inhibits hepatitis C virus replication via suppressing the Akt-SREBP-1 pathway. FEBS Lett. 2-19-2010;584(4):707-712.
• Kim, S. I., Chang, K. S., Yang, Y. C., Kim, B. S., and Ahn, Y. J. Repellency of aerosol and cream products containing fennel oil to mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. Pest.Manag.Sci 2004;60(11):1125-1130.
• Kittur, S., Wilasrusmee, S., Pedersen, W. A., Mattson, M. P., Straube-West, K., Wilasrusmee, C., Lubelt, B., and Kittur, D. S. Neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) on neurons in culture. J Mol.Neurosci. 2002;18(3):265-269.
• Kizhakkedath, R. Clinical evaluation of a formulation containing Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata extracts in the management of knee osteoarthritis. Mol Med Rep 2013;8(5):1542-8.
• Klausner, M. A., Whitmore, C., Henry, E. V., Baybutt, R. I., and Schachtel, B. P. Additional antipruritic activity of methol when added to coal tar in dandruff-associated pruritus. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1988;43(2):173.
• Kligler, B., Chaudhary, S. Peppermint oil. Am Fam Physician. 2007;75(7):1027-30.
• Kline, R. M., Kline, J. J., Di Palma, J., Barbero, G. J. Enteric-coated, pH-dependent peppermint oil capsules for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in children. J Pediatr 2001;138:125-8.
• Koçak, I., Yücepur, C., Gökler, O. Is Ginger Effective in Reducing Post-tonsillectomy Morbidity? A Prospective Randomised Clinical Trial. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;11(1):65-70.
• Kohutek, F., Bystricky, B. Optimal dose of silymarin for the management of drug induced liver injury in oncology. Mol Clin Oncol 2023;18(5):35.
• Konmun, J., Danwilai, K., Ngamphaiboon, N., Sripanidkulchai, B., Sookprasert, A., Subongkot, S. A phase II randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study of 6-gingerol as an anti-emetic in solid tumor patients receiving moderately to highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Med Oncol. 2017;34(4):69.
• Koosirirat, C., Linpisarn, S., Changsom, D., Chawansuntati, K., and Wipasa, J. Investigation of the anti-inflammatory effect of Curcuma longa in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients. Int Immunopharmacol. 2010;10(7):815-818.
• Korutla, L. and Kumar, R. Inhibitory effect of curcumin on epidermal growth factor receptor kinase activity in A431 cells. Biochim.Biophys.Acta 12-30-1994;1224(3):597-600.
• Kositchaiwat, C., Kositchaiwat, S., and Havanondha, J. Curcuma longa Linn. in the treatment of gastric ulcer comparison to liquid antacid: a controlled clinical trial. J Med.Assoc.Thai. 1993;76(11):601-605.
• Kotowski, U., Kadletz, L., Schneider, S., et al. 6-shogaol induces apoptosis and enhances radiosensitivity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Phytother Res. 2018;32(2):340-347.
• Kowluru, R. A. and Kanwar, M. Effects of curcumin on retinal oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes. Nutr.Metab (Lond) 2007;4:8.
• Kozłowska, A., Szostak-Wegierek, D. Flavonoids–food sources and health benefits. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2014;65(2):79-85. PMID: 25272572.
• Krizkova, J., Burdova, K., Hudecek, J., Stiborova, M., and Hodek, P. Induction of cytochromes P450 in small intestine by chemopreventive compounds. Neuro.Endocrinol.Lett. 2008;29(5):717-721.
• Kruth, P., Brosi, E., Fux, R., et al. Ginger-associated overanticoagulation by phenprocoumon. Ann Pharmacother 2004;38:257-60.
• Kulkarni, R. R., Patki, P. S., Jog, V. P., et al. Treatment of osteoarthritis with a herbomineral formulation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. J Ethnopharmacol 1991;33:91-5.
• Kulkarni, S. K., Bhutani, M. K., and Bishnoi, M. Antidepressant activity of curcumin: involvement of serotonin and dopamine system. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2008;201(3):435-442.
• Kumar, S., Pandey, A. K. Chemistry and biological activities of flavonoids: an overview. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013 Dec 29;2013:162750. doi: 10.1155/2013/162750. PMID: 24470791; PMCID: PMC3891543.
• Kumar, A. and Singh, A. Possible nitric oxide modulation in protective effect of (Curcuma longa, Zingiberaceae) against sleep deprivation-induced behavioral alterations and oxidative damage in mice. Phytomedicine. 2008;15(8):577-586.
• Kumar, A., Purwar, B., Shrivastava, A., and Pandey, S. Effects of curcumin on the intestinal motility of albino rats. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2010;54(3):284-288.
• Kuo, Y. J., Chang, H. P., Chang, Y. J., Wu, H. H., Chen, C. H. Evaluation of nephroprotection of silymarin on contrast-induced nephropathy in liver cirrhosis patients: A population-based cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018;97(37):e12243.
• Kuo, M. L., Huang, T. S., and Lin, J. K. Curcumin, an antioxidant and anti-tumor promoter, induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells. Biochim.Biophys.Acta 11-15-1996;1317(2):95-100.
• Kuptniratsaikul, V., Dajpratham, P., Taechaarpornkul, W., Buntragulpoontawee, M., Lukkanapichonchut, P., Chootip, C., Saengsuwan, J., Tantayakom, K., Laongpech, S. Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts compared with ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a multicenter study. Clin Interv Aging 2014;9:451-8.
• Kuptniratsaikul, V., Thanakhumtorn, S., Chinswangwatanakul, P., et al. Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts in patients with knee osteoarthritis. J Altern Complement Med 2009;15:891-7.
• Kurien, B. T. Inhibition of p300 and nuclear factor-kappaB by curcumin and its role in diabetic nephropathy. Nutrition 2009;25(9):973-974.
• Kusuhara, H., Furuie, H., Inano, A., Sunagawa, A., Yamada, S., Wu, C., Fukizawa, S., Morimoto, N., Ieiri, I., Morishita, M., Sumita, K., Mayahara, H., Fujita, T., Maeda, K., and Sugiyama, Y. Pharmacokinetic interaction study of sulphasalazine in healthy subjects and the impact of curcumin as an in vivo inhibitor of BCRP. Br J Pharmacol 2012;166(6):1793-1803.
• Kutluay, S. B., Doroghazi, J., Roemer, M. E., and Triezenberg, S. J. Curcumin inhibits herpes simplex virus immediate-early gene expression by a mechanism independent of p300/CBP histone acetyltransferase activity. Virology 4-10-2008;373(2):239-247.
• Kuttan, R., Sudheeran, P. C., Josph, C. D. Turmeric and curcumin as topical agents in cancer therapy. Tumori 1987;73:29-31..
• Kuwabara, N., Tamada, S., Iwai, T., Teramoto, K., Kaneda, N., Yukimura, T., Nakatani, T., and Miura, K. Attenuation of renal fibrosis by curcumin in rat obstructive nephropathy. Urology 2006;67(2):440-446.
• Kwon, Y. S., Choi, W. G., Kim, W. J., Kim, W. K., Kim, M. J., Kang, W. H., and Kim, C. M. Antimicrobial constituents of Foeniculum vulgare. Arch Pharm.Res 2002;25(2):154-157.
• Lacy, B. E., Pimentel, M., Brenner, D. M., et al. ACG clinical guideline: Management of irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021;116(1):17-44.
• Ladas, E. J., Kroll, D. J., Oberlies, N. H., Cheng, B., Ndao, D. H., Rheingold, S. R., and Kelly, K. M. A randomized, controlled, double-blind, pilot study of milk thistle for the treatment of hepatotoxicity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Cancer 1-15-2010;116(2):506-513.
• Lahiri-Chatterjee, M., Katiyar, S. K., Mohan, R. R., and Agarwal, R. A flavonoid antioxidant, silymarin, affords exceptionally high protection against tumor promotion in the SENCAR mouse skin tumorigenesis model. Cancer Res 2-1-1999;59(3):622-632.
• Lal, B., Kapoor, A. K., Asthana, O. P., et al. Efficacy of curcumin in the management of chronic anterior uveitis. Phytother Res 1999;13:318-22..
• Lamb, S. R. and Wilkinson, S. M. Contact allergy to tetrahydrocurcumin. Contact Dermatitis 2003;48(4):227.
• Lane, B., Cannella, K., Bowen, C., Copelan, D., Nteff, G., Barnes, K., Poudevigne, M., and Lawson, J. Examination of the effectiveness of peppermint aromatherapy on nausea in women post C-section. J Holist Nurs 2012;30(2):90-104.
• Lang, A., Salomon, N., Wu, J. C., et al. Curcumin in combination with mesalamine induces remission in patients with mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis in a randomized controlled trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Aug;13(8):1444-9.
• Lang, I., Deak, G., Nekam, K., Muzes, G., Gonzalez-Cabello, R., Gergely, P., and Feher, J. Hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects of antioxidant therapy. Acta Med Hung. 1988;45(3-4):287-295.
• Langner, E., Greifenberg, S., Gruenwald, J. Ginger: history and use. Adv Ther 1998;15:25-44.
• Lantz, R. C., Chen, G. J., Sarihan, M., Solyom, A. M., Jolad, S. D., and Timmermann, B. N. The effect of extracts from ginger rhizome on inflammatory mediator production. Phytomedicine 2007;14(2-3):123-128.
• Lantz, R. C., Chen, G. J., Solyom, A. M., Jolad, S. D., and Timmermann, B. N. The effect of turmeric extracts on inflammatory mediator production. Phytomedicine. 2005;12(6-7):445-452.
• Lash, D. B., Ward, S. CYP2C9-mediated warfarin and milk thistle interaction. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2019.
• Lasoff, D. R., Cantrell, F. L., Ly, B. T. Death associated with intravenous turmeric (Curcumin) preparation. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2018;56(5):384-385.
• Lawson, M. J., Knight, R. E., Tran, K., and et al. Failure of enteric-coated peppermint oil in the irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized, double-blind crossover study. J.Gastroenterol Hepatol 1988;3(3):235-238.
• Leach, M. J., Kumar, S. The clinical effectiveness of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in adults with osteoarthritis. Int J Evid Based Healthc 2008;6:311-20.
• Lech, Y., Olesen, K. M., Hey, H., Rask-Pedersen, E., Vilien, M., and Ostergaard, O. [Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with peppermint oil. A double- blind study with a placebo]. Ugeskr.Laeger 10-3-1988;150(40):2388-2389.
• Lee, B. S., Bhatia, T., Chaya, C. T., Wen, R., Taira, M. T., Lim, B. S. Autoimmune Hepatitis Associated With Turmeric Consumption. ACG Case Rep J. 2020;7(3):e00320.
• Lee, H. W., Ang, L., Lee, M. S., Alimoradi, Z., Kim, E. Fennel for reducing pain in primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients 2020;12(11):3438.
• Lee, J., Oh, H. Ginger as an antiemetic modality for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncol Nurs Forum 2013;40(2):163-70.
• Lee, J. I., Narayan, M., Barrett, J. S. Analysis and comparison of active constituents in commercial standardized silymarin extracts by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007;845(1):95-103.
• Lee, S. W., Nah, S. S., Byon, J. S., et al. Transient complete atrioventricular block associated with curcumin intake. Int J Cardiol 2011;150:e50-2.
• Lee, H. S. Acaricidal activity of constituents identified in Foeniculum vulgare fruit oil against Dermatophagoides spp. (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). J Agric.Food Chem. 5-19-2004;52(10):2887-2889.
• Lee, J. C., Kinniry, P. A., Arguiri, E., Serota, M., Kanterakis, S., Chatterjee, S., Solomides, C. C., Javvadi, P., Koumenis, C., Cengel, K. A., and Christofidou-Solomidou, M. Dietary curcumin increases antioxidant defenses in lung, ameliorates radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and improves survival in mice. Radiat.Res 2010;173(5):590-601.
• Lee, T. Y., Lee, K. C., Chen, S. Y., and Chang, H. H. 6-Gingerol inhibits ROS and iNOS through the suppression of PKC-alpha and NF-kappaB pathways in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophages. Biochem.Biophys.Res Commun. 4-24-2009;382(1):134-139.
• Leicester, R. J., Hunt, R. H. Peppermint oil to reduce colonic spasm during endoscopy. Lancet 1982;2:989.
• Leite, K. R., Chade, D. C., Sanudo, A., Sakiyama, B. Y., Batocchio, G., and Srougi, M. Effects of curcumin in an orthotopic murine bladder tumor model. Int.Braz.J Urol. 2009;35(5):599-606.
• Lemli, J. A. The occurrence of menthofuran in oil of peppermint. J Pharm Pharmacol 1957;9(2):113-117.
• Lesho, E. P., Saullo, L., Udvari-Nagy, S. A 76-year-old woman with erratic anticoagulation. Cleve Clin J Med. 2004;71:651-6.
• Levy, S. B. Bronchial asthma due to ingestion of fennel and fennel seed. Ann.Allergy 1948;6(4):415.
• Li, J., Lv, L., Zhang, J., et al. A combination of peppermint oil and caraway oil for the treatment of functional dyspepsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019;2019:7654947.
• Li X, Qin, Y., Liu, W., Zhou, X. Y., Li, Y. N., Wang, L. Y. Efficacy of Ginger in Ameliorating Acute and Delayed Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Among Patients With Lung Cancer Receiving Cisplatin-Based Regimens: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Integr Cancer Ther. 2018:1534735417753541.
• Li, Y., Yang D, Gao X, et al. Ginger supplement significantly reduced length of hospital stay in individuals with COVID-19. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2022 Dec 28;19(1):84.
• Li, H., van Berlo, D., Shi, T., Speit, G., Knaapen, A. M., Borm, P. J., Albrecht, C., and Schins, R. P. Curcumin protects against cytotoxic and inflammatory effects of quartz particles but causes oxidative DNA damage in a rat lung epithelial cell line. Toxicol Appl.Pharmacol 2-15-2008;227(1):115-124.
• Li, J., Lin, W. F., Pan, Y. Y., and Zhu, X. Y. [Protective effect of silibinin on liver injury induced by antituberculosis drugs]. Zhonghua Gan Zang.Bing.Za Zhi. 2010;18(5):385-386.
• Li, W. Q., Dehnade, F., and Zafarullah, M. Oncostatin M-induced matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 genes expression in chondrocytes requires Janus kinase/STAT signaling pathway. J Immunol. 3-1-2001;166(5):3491-3498.
• Li, W., Wang, S., Feng, J., Xiao, Y., Xue, X., Zhang, H., Wang, Y., and Liang, X. Structure elucidation and NMR assignments for curcuminoids from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa. Magn Reson.Chem. 2009;47(10):902-908.
• Li, W., Xiao, H., Wang, L., and Liang, X. [Analysis of minor curcuminoids in Curcuma longa L. by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. Se.Pu. 2009;27(3):264-269.
• Li, Y. C., Wang, F. M., Pan, Y., Qiang, L. Q., Cheng, G., Zhang, W. Y., and Kong, L. D. Antidepressant-like effects of curcumin on serotonergic receptor-coupled AC-cAMP pathway in chronic unpredictable mild stress of rats. Prog.Neuropsychopharmacol.Biol.Psychiatry 4-30-2009;33(3):435-449.
• Lian, Q., Li, X., Shang, Y., Yao, S., Ma, L., and Jin, S. Protective effect of curcumin on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rats. J Huazhong.Univ Sci.Technolog.Med.Sci. 2006;26(6):678-681.
• Liddle, M., Hull, C., Liu, C., and Powell, D. Contact urticaria from curcumin. Dermatitis 2006;17(4):196-197.
• Lien, H. C., Sun, W. M., Chen, Y. H., et al. Effects of ginger on motion sickness and gastric slow-wave dysrhythmias induced by circular vection. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2003;284:G481-9.
• Lim, G. P., Chu, T., Yang, F., Beech, W., Frautschy, S. A., and Cole, G. M. The curry spice curcumin reduces oxidative damage and amyloid pathology in an Alzheimer transgenic mouse. J Neurosci. 11-1-2001;21(21):8370-8377.
• Lim, W. C., Seo, J. M., Lee, C. I., Pyo, H. B., and Lee, B. C. Stimulative and sedative effects of essential oils upon inhalation in mice. Arch.Pharm Res 2005;28(7):770-774.
• Limtrakul, P., Chearwae, W., Shukla, S., Phisalphong, C., and Ambudkar, S. V. Modulation of function of three ABC drug transporters, P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), mitoxantrone resistance protein (ABCG2) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (ABCC1) by tetrahydrocurcumin, a major metabolite of curcumin. Mol.Cell Biochem. 2007;296(1-2):85-95.
• Lin, R., Chen, X., Li, W., Han, Y., Liu, P., and Pi, R. Exposure to metal ions regulates mRNA levels of APP and BACE1 in PC12 cells: blockage by curcumin. Neurosci.Lett. 8-8-2008;440(3):344-347.
• Lindemann, J., Tsakiropoulou, E., Scheithauer, M. O., Konstantinidis, I., and Wiesmiller, K. M. Impact of menthol inhalation on nasal mucosal temperature and nasal patency. Am J Rhinol. 2008;22(4):402-405.
• Lirussi, F., Nassuato, G., Orlando, R., and et al. Treatment of active cirrhosis with ursodeoxycholic acid and a free radical scavenger: A two year prospective study. Med Sci Ress 1995;23:31-33.
• Lis-Balchin, M., Steyrl, H., and Krenn, E. The comparative effect of novel Pelargonium essential oils and their corresponding hydrosols as antimicrobial agents in a model food system. Phytother.Res 2003;17(1):60-65.
• Literat, A., Su, F., Norwicki, M., Durand, M., Ramanathan, R., Jones, C. A., Minoo, P., and Kwong, K. Y. Regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression by curcumin in hyaline membrane disease (HMD). Life Sci. 12-7-2001;70(3):253-267.
• Liu, J. H., Chen, G. H., Yeh, H. Z., et al. Enteric-coated peppermint-oil capsules in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective, randomized trial. J Gastroenterol 1997;32:765-8.
• Liu, N., Huo, G., Zhang, L., and Zhang, X. [Effect of Zingiber OfficinaleRosc on lipid peroxidation in hyperlipidemia rats]. Wei Sheng Yan.Jiu. 2003;32(1):22-23.
• Liu, P. H. and Ho, H. L. Ginger and drug bezoar induced small bowel obstruction. J R.Coll.Surg.Edinb. 1983;28(6):397-398.
• Liu, Z., Lu, C., and Chen, J. [Correlation comparison of uterotrophic assay and E-SCREEN assay for estrogenic activities]. Wei Sheng Yan.Jiu. 2004;33(4):458-460.
• Lobo, V., Patil, A., Phatak, A., Chandra, N. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacogn Rev. 2010 Jul;4(8):118-26. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.70902. PMID: 22228951; PMCID: PMC3249911.
• Locher, R., Suter, P. M., Weyhenmeyer, R., and Vetter, W. Inhibitory action of silibinin on low density lipoprotein oxidation. Arzneimittelforschung. 1998;48(3):236-239.
• Logan, A. C. and Beaulne, T. M. The treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth with enteric- coated peppermint oil: A case report. Altern Med Rev 2002;7(5):410-417.
• Loguercio, C., Andreone, P., Brisc, C., et al. Silybin combined with phosphatidylcholine and vitamin E in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial. Free Radic Biol Med 2012;52(9):1658-65.
• Lohsiriwat, S., Rukkiat, M., Chaikomin, R., and Leelakusolvong, S. Effect of ginger on lower esophageal sphincter pressure. J.Med.Assoc.Thai. 2010;93(3):366-372.
• Lombardi, N., Crescioli, G., Maggini, V., et al. Acute liver injury following turmeric use in Tuscany: an analysis of the Italian Phytovigilance database and systematic review of case reports. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2020.
• Long, Z., Xiang, W., He, Q., et al. Efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenols in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 randomized controlled trials. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1024120.
• Lopez-Villafuerte, L., CLores, K. H. Contact dermatitis caused by turmeric in a massage oil. Contact Dermatitis. 2016 Jul;75(1):52-3.
• Lopez, H. L., Ziegenfuss, T. N., Hofheins, J. E., Habowski, S. M., Arent, S. M., Weir, J. P., and Ferrando, A. A. Eight weeks of supplementation with a multi-ingredient weight loss product enhances body composition, reduces hip and waist girth, and increases energy levels in overweight men and women. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2013;10(1):22.
• Lopresti, A. L., Smith, S. J., Jackson-Michel, S., Fairchild, T. An investigation into the effects of a curcumin extract (Curcugen ®) on osteoarthritis pain of the knee: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutrients 2021;14(1):41.
• Lorinczova, H. T., Begum, G., Renshaw, D., Zariwala, M. G. Acute Administration of Bioavailable Curcumin Alongside Ferrous Sulphate Supplements Does Not Impair Iron Absorption in Healthy Adults in a Randomised Trial. Nutrients 2021;13(7):2300.
• Lua, P. L., Salihah, N., Mazlan, N. Effects of inhaled ginger aromatherapy on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and health-related quality of life in women with breast cancer. Complement Ther Med. 2015;23(3):396-404.
• Lua, P. L., Zakaria, N. S. A brief review of current scientific evidence involving aromatherapy use for nausea and vomiting. J Altern Complement Med 2012;18:534.
• Luangchosiri, C., Thakkinstian, A., Chitphuk, S., Stitchantrakul, W., Petraksa, S., Sobhonslidsuk, A. A double-blinded randomized controlled trial of silymarin for the prevention of antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015;15:334.
• Lucena, M. I., Andrade, R. J., de la Cruz, J. P., Rodriguez-Mendizabal, M., Blanco, E., and Sanchez, de la Cuesta. Effects of silymarin MZ-80 on oxidative stress in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled clinical study. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;40(1):2-8.
• Lukefahr, A. L., McEvoy, S., Alfafara, C., Funk, J. L. Drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis associated with turmeric dietary supplement use. BMJ Case Rep. 2018. pii: bcr-2018-224611.
• Lukkunaprasit, T., Tansawet, A., Boonmanunt, S., et al. An updated meta-analysis of effects of curcumin on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease based on available evidence from Iran and Thailand. Sci Rep 2023;13(1):5824.
• Lumb, A. B. Mechanism of antiemetic effect of ginger. Anaesthesia 1993;48:1118.
• Lumb, A. B. Effect of dried ginger on human platelet function. Thromb.Haemost. 1994;71(1):110-111.
• Lund, B., Storm, T. L., Lund, B., et al. Bone mineral loss, bone histomorphometry and vitamin D metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on long-term glucocorticoid treatment. Clin Rheumatol 1985;4:143-9..
• Mabrouk, S. S. and El Shayeb, N. M. Inhibition of aflatoxin formation by some spices. Z.Lebensm.Unters.Forsch. 1980;171(5):344-347.
• Madden, K., Flowers, L., Salani, R., Horowitz, I., Logan, S., Kowalski, K., Xie, J., and Mohammed, S. I. Proteomics-based approach to elucidate the mechanism of antitumor effect of curcumin in cervical cancer. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 2009;80(1):9-18.
• Madhu, K., Chanda, K., Saji, M. J. Safety and efficacy of Curcuma longa extract in the treatment of painful knee osteoarthritis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Inflammopharmacology 2013;21(2):129-36.
• Madisch, A., Frieling, T., Zimmermann, A., et al. Menthacarin, a proprietary peppermint oil and caraway oil combination, improves multiple complaints in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders – a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig Dis 2022.
• Madisch, A., Heydenreich, C. J., Wieland, V., et al. Treatment of functional dyspepsia with a fixed peppermint oil and caraway oil combination preparation as compared to cisapride. A multicenter, reference-controlled, double-blind equivalence study. Arzneimittelforschung 1999;49:925-32.
• Madisch, A., Holtmann, G., Mayr, G., et al. Treatment of functional dyspepsia with a herbal preparation. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Digestion 2004;69:45-52.
• Madisch, A., Melderis, H., Mayr, G., et al. [A plant extract and its modified preparation in functional dyspepsia. Results of a double-blind placebo controlled comparative study]. Z Gastroenterol 2001;39(7):511-7.
• Madkor, H. R., Mansour, S. W., and Ramadan, G. Modulatory effects of garlic, ginger, turmeric and their mixture on hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-nicotinamide diabetic rats. Br J Nutr 2011;105(8):1210-1217.
• Maenthaisong, R., Chaiyakunapruk, N., Tiyaboonchai, W., Tawatsin, A., Rojanawiwat, A., Thavara, U. Efficacy and safety of topical Trikatu preparation in, relieving mosquito bite reactions: a randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2014;22(1):34-9.
• Magdalan, J., Piotrowska, A., Gomulkiewicz, A., Sozanski, T., Szelag, A., and Dziegiel, P. Influence of commonly used clinical antidotes on antioxidant systems in human hepatocyte culture intoxicated with alpha-amanitin. Hum.Exp.Toxicol. 2011;30(1):38-43.
• Maghami, M., Afazel, M. R., Azizi-Fini, I., Maghami, M. The effect of aromatherapy with peppermint essential oil on nausea and vomiting after cardiac surgery: A randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2020;40:101199.
• Maghbooli, M., Golipour, F., Moghimi Esfandabadi, A., Yousefi, M. Comparison between the efficacy of ginger and sumatriptan in the ablative treatment of the common migraine. Phytother Res 2014;28(3):412-5.
• Magliulo, E., Gagliardi, B., and Fiori, G. P. [Results of a double blind study on the effect of silymarin in the treatment of acute viral hepatitis, carried out at two medical centres (author’s transl)]. Med Klin. 7-14-1978;73(28-29):1060-1065.
• Mahady, G. B., Pendland, S. L., Stoia, A., Hamill, F. A., Fabricant, D., Dietz, B. M., and Chadwick, L. R. In vitro susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to botanical extracts used traditionally for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Phytother.Res 2005;19(11):988-991.
• Mahammedi, H., Planchat, E., Pouget, M., et al. The new combination docetaxel, prednisone and curcumin in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer: A pilot phase II study. Oncology. 2016;90(2):69-78.
• Maharlouei, N., Tabrizi, R., Lankarani, K. B., et al. The effects of ginger intake on weight loss and metabolic profiles among overweight and obese subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2018:1-14.
• Mahattanadul, S., Nakamura, T., Panichayupakaranant, P., Phdoongsombut, N., Tungsinmunkong, K., and Bouking, P. Comparative antiulcer effect of bisdemethoxycurcumin and curcumin in a gastric ulcer model system. Phytomedicine. 2009;16(4):342-351.
• Mahdavian, M., Mirzaii Najmabadi, K., Hosseinzadeh, H., Mirzaeian, S., Badiee Aval, S., Esmaeeli, H. Effect of the mixed herbal medicines extract (fennel, chamomile, and saffron) on menopause syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Caring Sci. 2019;8(3):181-9.
• Mahdavikian, S., Fallahi, M., Khatony, A. Comparing the Effect of Aromatherapy with Peppermint and Lavender Essential Oils on Fatigue of Cardiac Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021;2021:9925945.
• Mahesh, T., Balasubashini, M. S., and Menon, V. P. Effect of photo-irradiated curcumin treatment against oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Med.Food 2005;8(2):251-255.
• Mahesh, T., Sri Balasubashini, M. M., and Menon, V. P. Photo-irradiated curcumin supplementation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: effect on lipid peroxidation. Therapie 2004;59(6):639-644.
• Mahluji, S., Attari, V. E., Mobasseri, M., Payahoo, L., Ostadrahimi, A., Golzari, S. E. Effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on plasma glucose level, HbA1c and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013;64(6):682-6.
• Mahmood, N. F., Shipman, A. R. The age-old problem of acne. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2016 Dec 2;3(2):71-76. doi: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2016.11.002. PMID: 28560299; PMCID: PMC5440448.
• Mahmoud, S. S. and Croteau, R. B. Menthofuran regulates essential oil biosynthesis in peppermint by controlling a downstream monoterpene reductase. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A 11-25-2003;100(24):14481-14486.
• Maitrejean, M., Comte, G., Barron, D., et al. The flavanolignan silybin and its hemisynthetic derivatives, a novel series of potential modulators of P-glycoprotein. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000;10:157-60.
• Majeed, M., Nagabhushanam, K., Devarajan, T. V., Saklecha, S., Reddy, S. V. K., Mundkur, L. A minor metabolite from Curcuma longa effective against metabolic syndrome: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Food Funct 2023;14(10):4722-4733.
• Malekmakan, L., Hamidianjahromi, A., Sayadi, M., Rezazadeh, M. H. Efficacy and safety of turmeric dietary supplementation on proteinuria in CKD: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCT. Iran J Kidney Dis 2022;16(3):153-161.View abstract.
• Malekshah, R. E., Khaleghian, A. Influence of Silybum marianum on morphine addicted rats, biochemical parameters and molecular simulation studies on µ-opioid receptor. Drug Res (Stuttg). 2019;69(11):630-638.
• Malekzadeh, M., Kia, S. J., Mashaei, L., Moosavi, M.S. Oral nano-curcumin on gingival inflammation in patients with gingivitis and mild periodontitis. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2020. doi: 10.1002/cre2.330. Online ahead of print.
• Mali, A. M., Behal, R., Gilda, S. S. Comparative evaluation of 0.1% turmeric mouthwash with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate in prevention of plaque and gingivitis: A clinical and microbiological study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2012;16(3):386-91.
• Maliakal, P. P., Wanwimolruk, S. Effect of herbal teas on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001;53:1323-9.
• Manarin, G., Anderson, D., Silva, J. M. E., et al. Curcuma longa L. ameliorates asthma control in children and adolescents: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019;238:111882.
• Mandal, M. D., Mandal, S. Honey: its medicinal property and antibacterial activity. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2011 Apr;1(2):154-60. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60016-6. PMID: 23569748; PMCID: PMC3609166.
• Mani, H., Sidhu, G. S., Kumari, R., Gaddipati, J. P., Seth, P., and Maheshwari, R. K. Curcumin differentially regulates TGF-beta1, its receptors and nitric oxide synthase during impaired wound healing. Biofactors 2002;16(1-2):29-43.
• Mankowski, R. T., Sibille, K. T., Leeuwenburgh, C., et al. Effects of Curcumin C3 Complex® on Physical Function in Moderately Functioning Older Adults with Low-Grade Inflammation – A Pilot Trial. J Frailty Aging 2023;12(2):143-149.
• Manna, S. K., Mukhopadhyay, A., Van, N. T., Aggarwal, B. B. Silymarin suppresses TNF-induced activation of NF-kappa B, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and apoptosis. J Immunol 1999;163:6800-9.
• Mannucci, C., Navarra, M., Calapai, F., Squeri, R., Gangemi, S., Calapai, G. Clinical Pharmacology of Citrus bergamia: A Systematic Review. Phytother Res 2017;31(1):27-39.
• Mansour, M. S., Ni, Y. M., Roberts, A. L., Kelleman, M., Roychoudhury, A., and St-Onge, M. P. Ginger consumption enhances the thermic effect of food and promotes feelings of satiety without affecting metabolic and hormonal parameters in overweight men: a pilot study. Metabolism 2012;61(10):1347-1352.
• Manusirivithaya, S., Sripramote, M., Tangjitgamol, S., et al. Antiemetic effect of ginger in gynecologic oncology patients receiving cisplatin. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2004;14:1063-9.
• Manzan, A. C., Toniolo, F. S., Bredow, E., and Povh, N. P. Extraction of essential oil and pigments from Curcuma longa [L] by steam distillation and extraction with volatile solvents. J Agric.Food Chem. 11-5-2003;51(23):6802-6807.
• Mapp, C. P., Hostetler, D., Sable, J. F., et al. Peppermint oil: Evaluating efficacy on nausea in patients receiving chemotherapy in the ambulatory setting. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2020;24(2):160-164.
• Marcelli, R., Bizzoni, P., Conte, D., and et al. Randomized controlled study of the efficacy and tolerability of a short course of IdB 1016 in the treatment of chronic persistent hepatitis. Eur Bull Drug Res 1992;1(3):131-135.
• Marciani, L., Foley, S., Hoad, C. L., Campbell, E., Totman, J. J., and Cox, E. Accelerated small bowel transit and contracted transverse colon in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowle syndrome (IBS-D): novel insights from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Gastroenterology 2007;132 (suppl 1):A141.
• Marcus, D. M., Suarez-Almazor, M. E. Is there a role for ginger in the treatment of osteoarthritis? Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:2461-2.
• Marena, C. and Lampertico, M. Preliminary clinical development of silipide: a new complex of silybin in toxic liver disorders. Planta Med 1991;57(2):A124-A125.
• Martins, L. B., Rodrigues, A. M. D. S., Monteze, N. M., et al. Double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) in the prophylactic treatment of migraine. Cephalalgia. 2020;40(1):88-95.
• Martins, L. B., Rodrigues, A. M. D. S., Rodrigues, D. F., Dos Santos, L. C., Teixeira, A. L., Ferreira, A. V. M. Double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) addition in migraine acute treatment. Cephalalgia. 2019;39(1):68-76.
• Marx, W., McCarthy, A. L., Ried, K., et al. The Effect of a Standardized Ginger Extract on Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea-Related Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Moderately or Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy: A Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2017 Aug 12;9(8).
• Marx, W., McKavanagh, D., McCarthy, A. L., Bird, R., Ried, K., Chan, A., Isenring, L. The effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on platelet aggregation: A systematic literature review. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0141119.
• Mascher, H., Kikuta, C., and Schiel, H. Pharmacokinetics of menthol and carvone after administration of an enteric coated formulation containing peppermint oil and caraway oil. Arzneimittelforschung 2001;51(6):465-469.
• Masoumi, S. Z., Asl, H. R., Poorolajal, J., Panah, M.H., Oliaei, S. R. Evaluation of mint efficacy regarding dysmenorrhea in comparison with mefenamic acid: A double blinded randomized crossover study. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2016;21(4):363-7.
• Massoco, C. O., Silva, M. R., Gorniak, S. L., Spinosa, M. S., and Bernardi, M. M. Behavioral effects of acute and long-term administration of catnip (Nepeta cataria) in mice. Vet.Hum.Toxicol 1995;37(6):530-533.
• Matsumura, M. D., Zavorsky, G. S., Smoliga, J. M. The effects of pre-exercise ginger supplementation on muscle damage and delayed onset muscle soreness. Phytother Res. 2015;29(6):887-93.
• Matthews, A., Dowswell, T., Haas, D. M., et al. Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;CD007575.
• Maulina, T., Diana, H., Cahyanto, A., Amaliya, A. The efficacy of curcumin in managing acute inflammation pain on the post-surgical removal of impacted third molars patients: A randomised controlled trial. J Oral Rehabil. 2018;45(9):677-683.
• May, B., Kohler, S., Schneider, B. Efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of peppermint oil and caraway oil in patients suffering from functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000;14:1671-7.
• May, B., Kuntz, H. D., Kieser, M., Kohler, S. Efficacy of a fixed peppermint oil/caraway oil combination in non-ulcer dyspepsia. Arzneimittelforschung 1996;46:1149-53.
• McKay, D. L. and Blumberg, J. B. A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of peppermint tea (Mentha piperita L.). Phytother.Res 2006;20(8):619-633.
• Medsafe Safety Communication- Turmeric/Curcumin Interaction with Warfarin. April 30, 2018. Accessed at: https://medsafe.govt.nz/safety/EWS/2018/Turmeric.asp.
• Mehta, K., Pantazis, P., McQueen, T., and Aggarwal, B. B. Antiproliferative effect of curcumin (diferuloylmethane) against human breast tumor cell lines. Anticancer Drugs 1997;8(5):470-481.
• Meja, K. K., Rajendrasozhan, S., Adenuga, D., Biswas, S. K., Sundar, I. K., Spooner, G., Marwick, J. A., Chakravarty, P., Fletcher, D., Whittaker, P., Megson, I. L., Kirkham, P. A., and Rahman, I. Curcumin restores corticosteroid function in monocytes exposed to oxidants by maintaining HDAC2. Am.J Respir.Cell Mol.Biol. 2008;39(3):312-323.
• Melli, M. S., Rashidi, M. R., Nokhoodchi, A., Tagavi, S., Farzadi, L., Sadaghat, K., Tahmasebi, Z., and Sheshvan, M. K. A randomized trial of peppermint gel, lanolin ointment, and placebo gel to prevent nipple crack in primiparous breastfeeding women. Med Sci Monit 2007;13(9):CR406-CR411.
• Melzer, J., Rosch, W., Reichling, J., et al. Meta-analysis: phytotherapy of functional dyspepsia with the herbal drug preparation STW 5 (Iberogast). Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:1279-87.
• Melzer, J., Rosch, W., Reichling, J, et al. Meta-analysis: phytotherapy of functional dyspepsia with the herbal drug preparation STW 5 (Iberogast). Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:1279-87.
• Merat, S., Khalili, S., Mostajabi, P., Ghorbani, A., Ansari, R., and Malekzadeh, R. The effect of enteric-coated, delayed-release peppermint oil on irritable bowel syndrome. Dig.Dis.Sci. 2010;55(5):1385-1390.
• Mereish, K. A., Bunner, D. L., Ragland, D. R., and Creasia, D. A. Protection against microcystin-LR-induced hepatotoxicity by Silymarin: biochemistry, histopathology, and lethality. Pharm.Res 1991;8(2):273-277.
• Meselhy, M. R. Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production by the oleogum resin of Commiphora wightii and its constituents. Phytochemistry 2003;62(2):213-218.
• Micklefield, G. H., Greving, I., May, B. Effects of peppermint oil and caraway oil on gastroduodenal motility. Phytother Res 2000;14:20-3.
• Micklefield, G. H., Redeker, Y., Meister, V., et al. Effects of ginger on gastroduodenal motility. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999;37:341-6.
• Micklefield, G., Jung, O., Greving, I., and May, B. Effects of intraduodenal application of peppermint oil (WS(R) 1340) and caraway oil (WS(R) 1520) on gastroduodenal motility in healthy volunteers. Phytother.Res 2003;17(2):135-140.
• Miguel, M. G., Antunes, M. D., Faleiro, M. L. Honey as a Complementary Medicine. Integr Med Insights. 2017 Apr 24;12:1178633717702869. doi: 10.1177/1178633717702869. PMID: 28469409; PMCID: PMC5406168.
• Mimica-Dukic, N., Bozin, B., Sokovic, M., Mihajlovic, B., and Matavulj, M. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of three Mentha species essential oils. Planta Med 2003;69(5):413-419.
• Mira, M. L., Azevedo, M. S., and Manso, C. The neutralization of hydroxyl radical by silibin, sorbinil and bendazac. Free Radical Res Commun 1987;4(125):129.
• Mirhafez, S. R., Azimi-Nezhad, M., Dehabeh, M., et al. The effect of curcumin phytosome on the treatment of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1308:25-35.
• Mirhafez, S. R., Dehabeh, M., Hariri, M., et al. Curcumin and piperine combination for the treatment of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Adv Exp Med Biol 2021;1328:11-19.
• Mirhashemi, S. H., Hakakzadeh, A., Yeganeh, F. E., Oshidari, B., Rezaee, S. P. Effect of 8 Weeks milk thistle powder (silymarin extract) supplementation on fatty liver disease in patients candidates for bariatric surgery. Metabol Open 2022;14:100190.
• Mirnezami, M., Jafarimanesh, H., Rezagholizamenjany, M., et al. The effect of silymarin on liver enzymes in patients taking isotretinoin: a randomized clinical trial. Dermatol Ther. 2020:33(2):e13236.View abstract.
• Mironets, V. I., Krasovskaia, E. A., and Polishchuk, I. I. [A case of urticaria during Carsil treatment]. Vrach Delo 1990;7:86-87.
• Mirzaei Dahka, S., Afsharfar, M., Tajaddod, S., et al. Impact of Curcumin Supplementation on Radiation Dermatitis Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023;24(3):783-789.
• Mirzaei, E., Sabetian, G., Masjedi, M., et al. The effect of silymarin on liver enzymes and antioxidant status in trauma patients in the intensive care unit: a randomized double blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clin Exp Hepatol 2021;7(2):149-155.
• Mirzaei, N., Jahanian Sadatmahalleh, S., Rouholamin, S., Nasiri, M. A randomized trial assessing the efficacy of Silymarin on endometrioma-related manifestations. Sci Rep 2022;12(1):17549.
• Mishra, R. K. and Singh, S. K. Reversible antifertility effect of aqueous rhizome extract of Curcuma longa L. in male laboratory mice. Contraception 2009;79(6):479-487.
• Mitchell, T. M. Correspondence re: Somasundaram et al., Dietary curcumin inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in models of human breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2003;63(16):5165-6; author reply 5166-7.
• Mizuno, S., Kato, K., Ono, Y., et al. Oral peppermint oil is a useful antispasmodic for double-contrast barium meal examination. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;21:1297-301.
• Moayedi, B., Gharagozloo, M., Esmaeil, N., et al. A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of therapeutic effects of silymarin in & beta;-thalassemia major patients receiving desferrioxamine. Eur J Haematol 2013;90(3):202-9.
• Modaress, Nejad, V and Asadipour, M. Comparison of the effectiveness of fennel and mefenamic acid on pain intensity in dysmenorrhoea. East Mediterr.Health J 2006;12(3-4):423-427.
• Moezian, G. S. A., Javadinia, S. A., Sales, S. S., Fanipakdel, A., Elyasi, S., Karimi, G. Oral silymarin formulation efficacy in management of AC-T protocol induced hepatotoxicity in breast cancer patients: a randomized, triple blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2021.
• Moghadam, B. K., Gier, R., and Thurlow, T. Extensive oral mucosal ulcerations caused by misuse of a commercial mouthwash. Cutis 1999;64:131-134.
• Moghaddam, S. J., Barta, P., Mirabolfathinejad, S. G., Ammar-Aouchiche, Z., Garza, N. T., Vo, T. T., Newman, R. A., Aggarwal, B. B., Evans, C. M., Tuvim, M. J., Lotan, R., and Dickey, B. F. Curcumin inhibits COPD-like airway inflammation and lung cancer progression in mice. Carcinogenesis 2009;30(11):1949-1956.
• Mohammad, A., Falahi, E., Mohd Yusof, B. N., et al. The effects of the ginger supplements on inflammatory parameters in type 2 diabetes patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021;46:66-72.
• Mohammadbeigi, R., Shahgeibi, S., Soufizadeh, N, et al. Comparing the effects of ginger and metoclopramide on the treatment of pregnancy nausea. Pak J Biol Sci. 2011;14:817-20.
• Mohammadi, E., Tamaddoni, A., Qujeq, D., et al. An investigation of the effects of curcumin on iron overload, hepcidin level, and liver function in ß-thalassemia major patients: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res. 2018;32(9):1828-1835.
• Mohammadi, A., Sahebkar, A., Iranshahi, M., Amini, M., Khojasteh, R., Ghayour-Mobarhan, M., and Ferns, G. A. Effects of supplementation with curcuminoids on dyslipidemia in obese patients: a randomized crossover trial. Phytother Res 2013;27(3):374-379.
• Moher, D., Cook, D. J., Eastwood, S., Olkin, I., Rennie, D., and Stroup, D. F. Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials: the QUOROM statement. Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses. Lancet 11-27-1999;354(9193):1896-1900.
• Mohsenzadeh, M. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of selected Iranian essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in nutrient broth medium. Pak.J Biol.Sci. 10-15-2007;10(20):3693-3697.
• Mokhtari, M., Razzaghi, R., Momen-Heravi, M. The effects of curcumin intake on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res 2020 Nov 16. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6957.
• Molnar, V. and Garai, J. Plant-derived anti-inflammatory compounds affect MIF tautomerase activity. Int.Immunopharmacol. 2005;5(5):849-856.
• Moniruzzaman, M., Sulaiman, S. A., Azlan, S. A., Gan, S. H. Two-year variations of phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant contents in acacia honey. Molecules. 2013 Nov 27;18(12):14694-710. doi: 10.3390/molecules181214694. PMID: 24287998; PMCID: PMC6270151.
• Moon, D. O., Jin, C. Y., Lee, J. D., Choi, Y. H., Ahn, S. C., Lee, C. M., Jeong, S. C., Park, Y. M., and Kim, G. Y. Curcumin decreases binding of Shiga-like toxin-1B on human intestinal epithelial cell line HT29 stimulated with TNF-alpha and IL-1beta: suppression of p38, JNK and NF-kappaB p65 as potential targets. Biol.Pharm Bull. 2006;29(7):1470-1475.
• Moon, D. O., Kim, M. O., Lee, H. J., Choi, Y. H., Park, Y. M., Heo, M. S., and Kim, G. Y. Curcumin attenuates ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation by regulating nitric oxide. Biochem.Biophys.Res Commun. 10-17-2008;375(2):275-279.
• Moosavifar, N., Mohammadpour, A. H., Jallali, M., Karimiz, G., and Saberi, H. Evaluation of effect of silymarin on granulosa cell apoptosis and follicular development in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. East Mediterr.Health J. 2010;16(6):642-645.
• Morin, A. M., Betz, O., Kranke, P., et al. [Is ginger a relevant antiemetic for postoperative nausea and vomiting?]. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 2004;39:281-5.
• Morton, C. A., Garioch, J., Todd, P., et al. Contact sensitivity to menthol and peppermint in patients with intra-oral symptoms. Contact Dermatitis 1995;32:281-4.
• Morvaridzadeh, M., Sadeghi, E., Agah, S., et al. Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) supplementation on oxidative stress parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Food Biochem. 2021;45(2):e13612.
• Moss, M., Hewitt, S., Moss, L., and Wesnes, K. Modulation of cognitive performance and mood by aromas of peppermint and ylang-ylang. Int J Neurosci 2008;118(1):59-77.
• Mousavi, S. M., Milajerdi, A., Varkaneh, H. K., Gorjipour, M. M., Esmaillzadeh, A. The effects of curcumin supplementation on body weight, body mass index and waist circumference: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020;60(1):171-80. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1517724.
• Mousavi Vahed, S. H., Afiat, M., Dadgar, S. Peppermint drop effect on ileus following cesarean section. J Family Med Prim Care 2022;11(4):1435-42.
• Mowrey, D. B., Clayson, D. E. Motion sickness, ginger, and psychophysics. Lancet. 1982;1:655-7.
• Mozafari, S., Esmaeili, S., Momenyan, S., Zadeh Modarres, S., Ozgoli, G. Effect of Zingiber officinale Roscoe rhizome (ginger) capsule on postpartum pain: double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Res Med Sci 2021;26:105.
• Mozaffari-Khosravi, H., Talaei, B., Jalali, B. A., Najarzadeh, A., Mozayan, M. R. The effect of ginger powder supplementation on insulin resistance and glycemic indices in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2014;22(1):9-16.
• Mrudula, T., Suryanarayana, P., Srinivas, P. N., and Reddy, G. B. Effect of curcumin on hyperglycemia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat retina. Biochem.Biophys.Res Commun. 9-21-2007;361(2):528-532.
• Muhammad, A., Odunola, O. A., Ibrahim, M. A., Sallau, A. B., Erukainure, O. L., Aimola, I. A., Malami, I. Potential biological activity of acacia honey. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2016 Jan 1;8(2):351-7. doi: 10.2741/E771. PMID: 26709666.
• Mukherjee, S., Roy, M., Dey, S., and Bhattacharya, R. K. A Mechanistic Approach for Modulation of Arsenic Toxicity in Human Lymphocytes by Curcumin, an Active Constituent of Medicinal Herb Curcuma longa Linn. J Clin Biochem.Nutr. 2007;41(1):32-42.
• Mun, S. H., Kim, H. S., Kim, J. W., Ko, N. Y., Kim, do K., Lee, B. Y., Kim, B., Won, H. S., Shin, H. S., Han, J. W., Lee, H. Y., Kim, Y. M., and Choi, W. S. Oral administration of curcumin suppresses production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3 to ameliorate collagen-induced arthritis: inhibition of the PKCdelta/JNK/c-Jun pathway. J Pharmacol Sci. 2009;111(1):13-21.
• Murone, A. J., Stucki, P., Roback, M. G., and Gehri, M. Severe methemoglobinemia due to food intoxication in infants. Pediatr.Emerg.Care 2005;21(8):536-538.
• Murugan, P. and Pari, L. Influence of tetrahydrocurcumin on erythrocyte membrane bound enzymes and antioxidant status in experimental type 2 diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 9-25-2007;113(3):479-486.
• Mutluay Yayla, E., Izgu, N., Ozdemir, L., Aslan Erdem, S., Kartal, M. Sage tea-thyme-peppermint hydrosol oral rinse reduces chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis: A randomized controlled pilot study. Complement Ther Med 2016;27:58-64.
• Nabekura, T., Kamiyama, S., and Kitagawa, S. Effects of dietary chemopreventive phytochemicals on P-glycoprotein function. Biochem.Biophys.Res Commun. 2-18-2005;327(3):866-870.
• Nadjarzadeh, A., Ghadiri-Anari, A., Ramezani-Jolfaie, N., et al. Effect of hypocaloric high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet supplemented with fennel on androgenic and anthropometric indices in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2021;56:102633.
• Naeini, F., Tutunchi, H., Razmi, H., et al. Does nano-curcumin supplementation improve hematological indices in critically ill patients with sepsis? A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Food Biochem 2022;46(5):e14093.
• Nagabhushan, M., Amonkar, A. J., Bhide, S. V. Mutagenicity of gingerol and shogaol and antimutagenicity of zingerone in Salmonella/microsome assay. Cancer Lett 1987;36:221-33..
• Nagabhushan, M., Amonkar, A. J., and Bhide, S. V. In vitro antimutagenicity of curcumin against environmental mutagens. Food Chem.Toxicol. 1987;25(7):545-547.
• Nair B. Final report on the safety assessment of Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Oil, Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf Extract, Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf, and Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf Water. Int J Toxicol 2001;20:61-73.
• Naito, K., Komori, M., Kondo, Y., Takeuchi, M., and Iwata, S. The effect of L-menthol stimulation of the major palatine nerve on subjective and objective nasal patency. Auris Nasus Larynx 1997;24(2):159-162.
• Naito, K., Ohoka, E., Kato, R., Kondo, Y., and Iwata, S. The effect of L-menthol stimulation of the major palatine nerve on nasal patency. Auris Nasus Larynx 1991;18(3):221-226.
• Nakagawa, Y., Mukai, S., Yamada, S., et al. Short-term effects of highly-bioavailable curcumin for treating knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled prospective study. J Orthop Sci. 2014 Nov;19(6):933-9.
• Nakagawa, Y., Mukai, S., Yamada, S., et al. The efficacy and safety of highly-bioavailable curcumin for treating knee osteoarthritis: a 6-month open-labeled prospective study. Clin Med Insights Arthritis Musculoskelet Disord. 2020;13:1179544120948471.
• Nakmareong, S., Kukongviriyapan, U., Pakdeechote, P., Donpunha, W., Kukongviriyapan, V., Kongyingyoes, B., Sompamit, K., and Phisalaphong, C. Antioxidant and vascular protective effects of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin in rats with L-NAME-induced hypertension. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011;383(5):519-529.
• Namavar, Jahromi B., Tartifizadeh, A., and Khabnadideh, S. Comparison of fennel and mefenamic acid for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2003;80(2):153-157.
• Nan, B., Lin, P., Lumsden, A. B., Yao, Q., and Chen, C. Effects of TNF-alpha and curcumin on the expression of thrombomodulin and endothelial protein C receptor in human endothelial cells. Thromb.Res 2005;115(5):417-426.
• Nan, B., Yang, H., Yan, S., Lin, P. H., Lumsden, A. B., Yao, Q., and Chen, C. C-reactive protein decreases expression of thrombomodulin and endothelial protein C receptor in human endothelial cells. Surgery 2005;138(2):212-222.
• Nanthakomon, T., Pongrojpaw, D. The efficacy of ginger in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after major gynecologic surgery. J Med Assoc Thai. 2006;89:S130-6.
• Naseri, K., Saadati, S., Yari, Z., et al. Curcumin offers no additional benefit to lifestyle intervention on cardiometabolic status in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutrients 2022;14(15):3224.
• Nash, P., Gould, S. R., Bernardo, D. E. Peppermint oil does not relieve the pain of irritable bowel syndrome. Br J Clin Pract 1986;40:292-3.
• Nassuato, G., Iemmolo, R. M., Strazzabosco, M., Lirussi, F., Deana, R., Francesconi, M. A., Muraca, M., Passera, D., Fragasso, A., Orlando, R. Effect of Silibinin on biliary lipid composition. Experimental and clinical study. J Hepatol. 1991;12(3):290-295.
• Navarro, V. J., Belle, S. H., D’Amato, M., et al. Silymarin in non-cirrhotics with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. PLoS One. 2019;14(9):e0221683.
• Nayak, S. and Sashidhar, R. B. Metabolic intervention of aflatoxin B1 toxicity by curcumin. J Ethnopharmacol. 2-17-2010;127(3):641-644.
• Nayeri, A., Wu, S., Adams, E., et al. Acute Calcineurin Inhibitor Nephrotoxicity Secondary to Turmeric Intake: A Case Report. Transplant Proc. 2017;49(1):198-200.
• Naz, R. K. Can curcumin provide an ideal contraceptive? Mol.Reprod.Dev 2011;78(2):116-123.
• Nee, J., Ballou, S., Kelley, J. M., et al. Peppermint Oil Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2021;116(11):2279-2285.
• Neerati, P., Devde, R., Gangi. A. K. Evaluation of the effect of curcumin capsules on glyburide therapy in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Phytother Res. 2014;28(12):1796-800.
• Negi, R., Sharma, S. K., Gaur, R., Bahadur, A., Jelly, P. Efficacy of ginger in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cureus 2021;13(3):e13743.
• Nemavarkar, P., Chourasia, B. K., and Pasupathy, K. Evaluation of radioprotective action of compounds using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Environ.Pathol.Toxicol Oncol. 2004;23(2):145-151.
• Nerkar Rajbhoj, A., Kulkarni, T. M., Shete, A., Shete, M., Gore, R., Sapkal, R. A comparative study to evaluate efficacy of curcumin and aloe vera gel along with oral physiotherapy in the management of oral submucous fibrosis: a randomized clinical trial. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021;22(S1):107-12. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.S1.107.
• Ngu, M. H., Norhayati, M. N., Rosnani, Z., Zulkifli, M. M. Curcumin as adjuvant treatment in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med 2022;68:102843.
• Nguyen, S., Rajfer, J., Shaheen, M. Safety and efficacy of daily Revactin in men with erectile dysfunction: a 3-month pilot study. Transl Androl Urol. 2018;7(2):266-73.
• Nguyen, K. T., Shaikh, N., Shukla, K. P., Su, S. H., Eberhart, R. C., and Tang, L. Molecular responses of vascular smooth muscle cells and phagocytes to curcumin-eluting bioresorbable stent materials. Biomaterials 2004;25(23):5333-5346.
• Nicol, L. M., Rowlands, D. S., Fazakerly, R., Kellett, J. Curcumin supplementation likely attenuates delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Eur J Appl Physiol. 2015;115(8):1769-77.
• Nieman, D. C., Shanely, R. A., Luo, B., Dew, D., Meaney, M. P., Sha, W. A commercialized dietary supplement alleviates joint pain in community adults: a double-blind, placebo-controlled community trial. Nutr J 2013;12(1):154.
• Nieman, D. C., Shanely, R. A., Luo, B., Dew, D., Meaney, M. P., Sha, W. A commercialized dietary supplement alleviates joint pain in community adults: a double-blind, placebo-controlled community trial. Nutr J 2013;12(1):154.
• Niempoog, S., Siriarchavatana, P., Kajsongkram, T. The efficacy of Plygersic gel for use in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. J Med Assoc Thai 2012;95 Suppl 10:S113-9.
• Nikkhah-Bodaghi, M., Maleki, I., Agah, S., Hekmatdoost, A. Zingiber officinale and oxidative stress in patients with ulcerative colitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2019;43:1-6.
• Nishino, T., Tagaito, Y., and Sakurai, Y. Nasal inhalation of l-menthol reduces respiratory discomfort associated with loaded breathing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;156(1):309-313.
• Nocerino, R., Cecere, G., Micillo, M., et al. Efficacy of ginger as antiemetic in children with acute gastroenteritis: a randomised controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021;54(1):24-31.
• Nolen, H. W. 3rd, Friend, D. R. Menthol-beta-D-glucuronide: a potential prodrug for treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome. Pharm Res 1994;11:1707-11.
• Nolkemper, S., Reichling, J., Stintzing, F. C., Carle, R., and Schnitzler, P. Antiviral effect of aqueous extracts from species of the Lamiaceae family against Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in vitro. Planta Med 2006;72(15):1378-1382.
• Nord, D., Belew, J. Effectiveness of the essential oils lavender and ginger in promoting children’s comfort in a perianesthesia setting. J Perianesth Nurs. 2009;24:307-12.
• Norrish, M. I. and Dwyer, K. L. Preliminary investigation of the effect of peppermint oil on an objective measure of daytime sleepiness. Int J Psychophysiol. 2005;55(3):291-298.
• Nostro, A., Cannatelli, M. A., Crisafi, G., and Alonzo, V. The effect of Nepeta cataria extract on adherence and enzyme production of Staphylococcus aureus. Int.J.Antimicrob.Agents 2001;18(6):583-585.
• Nowak, K. L., Farmer-Bailey, H., Wang, W., et al. Curcumin therapy to treat vascular dysfunction in children and young adults with ADPKD: A randomized controlled trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2022;17(2):240-250.
• O’Mahony, R., Al Khtheeri, H., Weerasekera, D., Fernando, N., Vaira, D., Holton, J., and Basset, C. Bactericidal and anti-adhesive properties of culinary and medicinal plants against Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastroenterol. 12-21-2005;11(47):7499-7507.
• Oetari, S., Sudibyo, M., Commandeur, J. N., Samhoedi, R., and Vermeulen, N. P. Effects of curcumin on cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase activities in rat liver. Biochem Pharmacol 1-12-1996;51(1):39-45.
• Ojewole, J. A. Analgesic, antiinflammatory and hypoglycaemic effects of ethanol extract of Zingiber officinale (Roscoe) rhizomes (Zingiberaceae) in mice and rats. Phytother Res. 2006;20:764-72.
• Okonta, J. M., Uboh, M., Obonga, W. O. Herb-Drug Interaction: A Case Study of Effect of Ginger on the Pharmacokinetic of Metronidazole in Rabbit. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (India) 2008;70(230):232.
• Okuhira, H., Nakatani, Y., Furukawa, F., Kanazawa, N. Anaphylaxis to ginger induced by herbal medicine. Allergol Int. 2020;69(1):159-160.
• Olajide, O. A. Investigation of the effects of selected medicinal plants on experimental thrombosis. Phytother Res 1999;13(3):231-232.
• Olszanecki, R., Gebska, A., and Korbut, R. The role of haem oxygenase-1 in the decrease of endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression by curcumin. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2007;101(6):411-415.
• Onogi, T., Minami, M., Kuraishi, Y., and Satoh, M. Capsaicin-like effect of (6)-shogaol on substance P-containing primary afferents of rats: a possible mechanism of its analgesic action. Neuropharmacology 1992;31(11):1165-1169.
• Onyenekwe, P. C. Assessment of oleoresin and gingerol contents in gamma irradiated ginger rhizomes. Nahrung 2000;44(2):130-132.
• Orhan, I., Kartal, M., Kan, Y., and Sener, B. Activity of essential oils and individual components against acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase. Z.Naturforsch.C. 2008;63(7-8):547-553.
• Ostad, S. N., Soodi, M., Shariffzadeh, M., et al. The effect of fennel essential oil on uterine contraction as a model for dysmenorrhea, pharmacology and toxicology study. J Ethnopharmacol 2001;76:299-304..
• Osterhoudt, K. C., Lee, S. K., Callahan, J. M., Henretig, F. M. Catnip and the alteration of human consciousness. Vet Hum Toxicol 1997;39:373-5.
• Ottolenghi, A., De Chiara, A., Arrigoni, S., Terracciano, L., and De Amici, M. [Diagnosis of food allergy caused by fruit and vegetables in children with atopic dermatitis]. Pediatr Med Chir 1995;17(6):525-530.
• Ozcan, M. M., Chalchat, J. C., Arslan, D., Ates, A., and Unver, A. Comparative essential oil composition and antifungal effect of bitter fennel (Foeniculum vulgare ssp. piperitum) fruit oils obtained during different vegetation. J Med Food 2006;9(4):552-561.
• Ozgoli, G., Goli, M., Moattar, F. Comparison of effects of ginger, mefenamic acid, and ibuprofen on pain in women with primary dysmenorrhea. J Altern Complement Med 2009;15:129-32.
• Pade, D. and Stavchansky, S. Selection of bioavailability markers for herbal extracts based on in silico descriptors and their correlation to in vitro permeability. Mol.Pharm. 2008;5(4):665-671.
• Pakfetrat, M., Basiri, F., Malekmakan, L., Roozbeh, J. Effects of turmeric on uremic pruritus in end stage renal disease patients: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Nephrol 2014;27(2):203-7.
• Pakniat, H., Chegini, V., Ranjkesh, F., Hosseini, M. A. Comparison of the effect of vitamin E, vitamin D and ginger on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea: a single-blind clinical trial. Obstet Gynecol Sci. 2019;62(6):462-468.
• Pakniat, H., Lalooha, F., Movahed, F., et al. The effect of ginger and metoclopramide in the prevention of nausea and vomiting during and after surgery in cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Obstet Gynecol Sci. 2020;63(2):173-180.
• Palasciano, G., Portincasa, P., Palmieri, V., and et al. The effect of silymarin on plasma levels of malon-dialdehyde in patients receiving long-term treatment with psychotropic drugs. Current Therapeutic Research 1994;55(5):537-545.
• Palatty, P. L., Azmidah, A., Rao, S., et al. Topical application of a sandal wood oil and turmeric based cream prevents radiodermatitis in head and neck cancer patients undergoing external beam radiotherapy: a pilot study. Br J Radiol. 2014;87(1038):20130490.
• Panahi, Y., Karbasi, A., Valizadegan, G., et al. Effect of curcumin on severity of functional dyspepsia: a triple blinded clinical trial. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1308:119-126.
• Panahi, Y., Kinpour, P., Mohtashami, R., Jafari, R., Simental-Mendia, L. E., Sahebkar, A. Efficacy and safety of phytosomal curcumin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial. Drug Res (Stuttg). 2017 Apr;67(4):244-51.
• Panahi, Y., Saberi-Karimian, M., Valizadeh, O., et al. Effects of curcuminoids on systemic inflammation and quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy: A randomized controlled trial. Adv Exp Med Biol 2021;1328:1-9.
• Panahi, Y., Vahedian-Azimi, A., Saadat, A., et al. The effects of curcumin on the side effects of anticancer drugs in chemotherapy: A randomized controlled trial. Adv Exp Med Biol 2021;1328:255-273.
• Panahi, Y., Sahebkar, A., Amiri, M., Davoudi, S. M., Beiraghdar, F., Hoseininejad, S. L., and Kolivand, M. Improvement of sulphur mustard-induced chronic pruritus, quality of life and antioxidant status by curcumin: results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2012;108(7):1272-1279.
• Panahi, Y., Sahebkar, A., Parvin, S., and Saadat, A. A randomized controlled trial on the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin in patients with chronic sulphur mustard-induced cutaneous complications. Ann.Clin Biochem. 2012;49(Pt 6):580-588.
• Panchatcharam, M., Miriyala, S., Gayathri, V. S., and Suguna, L. Curcumin improves wound healing by modulating collagen and decreasing reactive oxygen species. Mol.Cell Biochem. 2006;290(1-2):87-96.
• Pandaran Sudheeran, S., Jacob, D., Natinga Mulakal, J., et al. Safety, Tolerance, and Enhanced Efficacy of a Bioavailable Formulation of Curcumin With Fenugreek Dietary Fiber on Occupational Stress: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2016;36(3):236-43.
• Par, A., Roth, E., Miseta, A., Hegedus, G., Par, G., Hunyady, B., and Vincze, A. [Effects of supplementation with the antioxidant flavonoid, silymarin, in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with peg-interferon + ribavirin. A placebo-controlled double blind study]. Orv.Hetil. 1-11-2009;150(2):73-79.
• Paramasivam, S., Thangaradjou, T., and Kannan, L. Effect of natural preservatives on the growth of histamine producing bacteria. J Environ.Biol. 2007;28(2):271-274.
• Paramdeep, G. Efficacy and tolerability of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in patients of osteoarthritis of knee. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2013;57(2):177-83.
• Pares, A., Planas, R., Torres, M., et al. Effects of silymarin in alcoholic patients with cirrhosis of the liver: results of a controlled, double-blind, randomized and multicenter trial. J Hepatol 1998;28:615-21.
• Park, B. S., Kim, J. G., Kim, M. R., Lee, S. E., Takeoka, G. R., Oh, K. B., and Kim, J. H. Curcuma longa L. constituents inhibit sortase A and Staphylococcus aureus cell adhesion to fibronectin. J Agric.Food Chem. 11-16-2005;53(23):9005-9009.
• Park, C., Moon, D. O., Choi, I. W., Choi, B. T., Nam, T. J., Rhu, C. H., Kwon, T. K., Lee, W. H., Kim, G. Y., and Choi, Y. H. Curcumin induces apoptosis and inhibits prostaglandin E(2) production in synovial fibroblasts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Int.J Mol.Med. 2007;20(3):365-372.
• Park, E. J., Jeon, C. H., Ko, G., Kim, J., and Sohn, D. H. Protective effect of curcumin in rat liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride. J Pharm Pharmacol 2000;52(4):437-440.
• Park, M. K. and Lee, E. S. [The effect of aroma inhalation method on stress responses of nursing students]. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi 2004;34(2):344-351.
• Park, M., Bae, J., and Lee, D. S. Antibacterial activity of [10]-gingerol and [12]-gingerol isolated from ginger rhizome against periodontal bacteria. Phytother.Res 2008;22(11):1446-1449.
• Park, S. Y. and Kim, D. S. Discovery of natural products from Curcuma longa that protect cells from beta-amyloid insult: a drug discovery effort against Alzheimer’s disease. J Nat.Prod. 2002;65(9):1227-1231.
• Parshad, R., Sanford, K. K., Price, F. M., Steele, V. E., Tarone, R. E., Kelloff, G. J., and Boone, C. W. Protective action of plant polyphenols on radiation-induced chromatid breaks in cultured human cells. Anticancer Res 1998;18(5A):3263-3266.
• Parys, B. T. Chemical burns resulting from contact with peppermint oil mar: a case report. Burns Incl.Therm.Inj. 1983;9(5):374-375.
• Pashine, L., Singh, J. V., Vaish, A. K., Ojha, S. K., Mahdi, A. A. Effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa) on overweight hyperlipidemic subjects: Double blind study. Indian J Comm Health 2012;24(2):113-117.
• Passildas-Jahanmohan, J., Eymard, J. C., Pouget, M., et al. Multicenter randomized phase II study comparing docetaxel plus curcumin versus docetaxel plus placebo in first-line treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Med. 2021;10(7):2332-2340.
• Patel, S. S., Shah, R. S., and Goyal, R. K. Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects of Dihar, a polyherbal ayurvedic formulation in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Indian J Exp.Biol. 2009;47(7):564-570.
• Pattanittum, P., Kunyanone, N., Brown, J., et al. Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;3:CD002124.
• Pattnaik, S., Rath, C., and Subramanyam, V. R. Characterization of resistance to essential oils in a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (VR-6). Microbios 1995;81(326):29-31.
• Patumraj, S., Wongeakin, N., Sridulyakul, P., Jariyapongskul, A., Futrakul, N., and Bunnag, S. Combined effects of curcumin and vitamin C to protect endothelial dysfunction in the iris tissue of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Clin Hemorheol.Microcirc. 2006;35(4):481-489.
• Pavithra, B. H., Prakash, N., and Jayakumar, K. Modification of pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin following oral administration of curcumin in rabbits. J Vet.Sci. 2009;10(4):293-297.
• Pawar, K. S., Mastud, R. N., Pawar, S. K., et al. Oral curcumin with piperine as adjuvant therapy for the treatment of COVID-19: A randomized clinical trial. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:669362.
• Payer, B. A., Reiberger, T., Rutter, K., Beinhardt, S., Staettermayer, A. F., Peck-Radosavljevic, M., and Ferenci, P. Successful HCV eradication and inhibition of HIV replication by intravenous silibinin in an HIV-HCV coinfected patient. J.Clin.Virol. 2010;49(2):131-133.
• Peeyush, K. T., Gireesh, G., Jobin, M., and Paulose, C. S. Neuroprotective role of curcumin in the cerebellum of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Life Sci. 11-4-2009;85(19-20):704-710.
• Peila C, Coscia A, Tonetto P, et al. Evaluation of the galactogogue effect of silymarin on mothers of preterm newborns (<32 weeks). Pediatr Med Chir. 2015;37(3):105.
• Perez-Arriaga, L., Mendoza-Magana, M. L., Cortes-Zarate, R., Corona-Rivera, A., Bobadilla-Morales, L., Troyo-Sanroman, R., and Ramirez-Herrera, M. A. Cytotoxic effect of curcumin on Giardia lamblia trophozoites. Acta Trop. 2006;98(2):152-161.
• Peschel, D., Koerting, R., and Nass, N. Curcumin induces changes in expression of genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. J Nutr.Biochem. 2007;18(2):113-119.
• Phan, P. V., Sohrabi, A., Polotsky, A., Hungerford, D. S., Lindmark, L., and Frondoza, C. G. Ginger extract components suppress induction of chemokine expression in human synoviocytes. J Altern.Complement Med 2005;11(1):149-154.
• Phillips, S., Hutchinson, S., Ruggier, R. Zingiber officinale does not affect gastric emptying rate. A randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Anaesthesia 1993;48:393-5.
• Phillips, S., Ruggier, R., Hutchinson, S. E. Zingiber officinale (ginger)-an antiemetic for day case surgery. Anaesthesia 1993;48:715-7.
• Picon, P. D., Picon, R. V., Costa, A. F., Sander, G. B., Amaral, K. M., Aboy, A. L., and Henriques, A. T. Randomized clinical trial of a phytotherapic compound containing Pimpinella anisum, Foeniculum vulgare, Sambucus nigra, and Cassia augustifolia for chronic constipation. BMC.Complement Altern.Med. 2010;10:17.
• Pillai, A. K., Sharma, K. K., Gupta, Y. K., et al. Anti-emetic effect of ginger powder versus placebo as an add-on therapy in children and young adults receiving high emetogenic chemotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2011;56:234-8.
• Pimentel, M., Bonorris, G. G., Chow, E. J., Lin, H. C. Peppermint oil improves the manometric findings in diffuse esophageal spasm. J Clin Gastroenterol 2001;33:27-31.
• Pinsornsak, P., Niempoog, S. The efficacy of Curcuma Longa L. extract as an adjuvant therapy in primary knee osteoarthritis: a randomized control trial. J Med Assoc Thai 2012;95 Suppl 1:S51-8.
• Piscitelli, S. C., Formentini, E., Burstein, A. H., et al. Effect of milk thistle on the pharmacokinetics of indinavir in healthy volunteers. Pharmacotherapy 2002;22:551-6.
• Pitasawat, B., Champakaew, D., Choochote, W., et al. Aromatic plant-derived essential oil: an alternative larvicide for mosquito control. Fitoterapia 2007;78:205-10.
• Pittler, M. H., Ernst, E. Peppermint oil for irritable bowel syndrome: a critical review and metaanalysis. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:1131-5.
• Platel, K. and Srinivasan, K. A Study of the digestive stimulant action of select spices in experimental rats. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2001;38(4):358.
• Platel, K. and Srinivasan, K. Influence of dietary spices and their active principles on pancreatic digestive enzymes in albino rats. Nahrung 2000;44(1):42-46.
• Pongchaidecha, A., Lailerd, N., Boonprasert, W., and Chattipakorn, N. Effects of curcuminoid supplement on cardiac autonomic status in high-fat-induced obese rats. Nutrition 2009;25(7-8):870-878.
• Pongrojpaw, D., Chiamchanya, C. The efficacy of ginger in prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting after outpatient gynecological laparoscopy. J Med Assoc Thai. 2003;86:244-50.
• Pongrojpaw, D., Somprasit, C., Chanthasenanont, A. A. randomized comparison of ginger and dimenhydrinate in the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. J Med Assoc Thai 2007;90:1703-9.
• Portincasa, P., Bonfrate, L., Scribano, M. L., et al. Curcumin and fennel essential oil improve symptoms and quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2016 Jun;25(2):151-7.
• Portnoi, G., Chng, L. A., Karimi-Tabesh, L., et al. Prospective comparative study of the safety and effectiveness of ginger for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;189:1374-7..
• Pourhabibi-Zarandi, F., Rafraf, M., Zayeni, H., Asghari-Jafarabadi, M., Ebrahimi, A. A. Effects of curcumin supplementation on metabolic parameters, inflammatory factors and obesity values in women with rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2022;36(4):1797-1806.
• Pozzatti, P., Scheid, L. A., Spader, T. B., Atayde, M. L., Santurio, J. M., and Alves, S. H. In vitro activity of essential oils extracted from plants used as spices against fluconazole-resistant and fluconazole-susceptible Candida spp. Can J Microbiol. 2008;54(11):950-956.
• Prajapati, V., Tripathi, A. K., Aggarwal, K. K., and Khanuja, S. P. Insecticidal, repellent and oviposition-deterrent activity of selected essential oils against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Bioresour.Technol. 2005;96(16):1749-1757.
• Price, R. J., Scott, M. P., Giddings, A. M., Walters, D. G., Stierum, R. H., Meredith, C., and Lake, B. G. Effect of butylated hydroxytoluene, curcumin, propyl gallate and thiabendazole on cytochrome P450 forms in cultured human hepatocytes. Xenobiotica 2008;38(6):574-586.
• Pungcharoenkul, K. and Thongnopnua, P. Effect of different curcuminoid supplement dosages on total in vivo antioxidant capacity and cholesterol levels of healthy human subjects. Phytother Res 2011;25(11):1721-1726.
• Punithavathi, D., Venkatesan, N., and Babu, M. Curcumin inhibition of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Br.J Pharmacol 2000;131(2):169-172.
• Punithavathi, D., Venkatesan, N., and Babu, M. Protective effects of curcumin against amiodarone-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Br.J Pharmacol 2003;139(7):1342-1350.
• Pushpanathan, T., Jebanesan, A., and Govindarajan, M. The essential oil of Zingiber officinalis Linn (Zingiberaceae) as a mosquito larvicidal and repellent agent against the filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol.Res 2008;102(6):1289-1291.
• Qian, Q. H., Yue, W., Wang, Y. X., Yang, Z. H., Liu, Z. T., and Chen, W. H. Gingerol inhibits cisplatin-induced vomiting by down regulating 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine and substance P expression in minks. Arch Pharm.Res 2009;32(4):565-573.
• Qiao, J., Gan, Y., Gong, Y., et al. Combination therapy with curcumin plus tamsulosin and finasteride in the treatment of men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a single center, randomized control study. Transl Androl Urol 2021;10(8):3432-3439.
• Qin, S., Huang, L., Gong, J., et al. Efficacy and safety of turmeric and curcumin in lowering blood lipid levels in patients with cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr J. 2017;16(1):68.
• Qin, N. Y., Yang, F. Q., Wang, Y. T., and Li, S. P. Quantitative determination of eight components in rhizome (Jianghuang) and tuberous root (Yujin) of Curcuma longa using pressurized liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed.Anal. 1-17-2007;43(2):486-492.
• Quiles, J. L., Mesa, M. D., Ramirez-Tortosa, C. L., Aguilera, C. M., Battino, M., Gil, A., and Ramirez-Tortosa, M. C. Curcuma longa extract supplementation reduces oxidative stress and attenuates aortic fatty streak development in rabbits. Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol. 7-1-2002;22(7):1225-1231.
• Rafatullah, S., Tariq, M., Al Yahya, M. A., Mossa, J. S., and Ageel, A. M. Evaluation of turmeric (Curcuma longa) for gastric and duodenal antiulcer activity in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 1990;29(1):25-34.
• Rafie, R., Hosseini, S. A., Hajiani, E., Saki Malehi, A., Mard, S. A. Effect of Ginger Powder Supplementation in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2020;13:35-45.
• Rafieian-Kopaei, M., Hasanpour-Dehkordi, A., Lorigooini, Z., Deris, F., Solati, K., Mahdiyeh, F. Comparing the effect of intranasal lidocaine 4% with peppermint essential oil drop 1.5% on migraine attacks: A double-blind clinical trial. Int J Prev Med. 2019;10:121.
• Rafii, F. and Shahverdi, A. R. Comparison of essential oils from three plants for enhancement of antimicrobial activity of nitrofurantoin against enterobacteria. Chemotherapy 2007;53(1):21-25.
• Raghava, K. V., Sistla, K. P., Narayan, S. J., Yadalam, U., Bose, A., Mitra, K. Efficacy of Curcumin as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Chronic Periodontitis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2019;20(7):842-846.
• Rahimi, R. and Abdollahi, M. Herbal medicines for the management of irritable bowel syndrome: a comprehensive review. World J Gastroenterol. 2-21-2012;18(7):589-600.
• Rahimikian, F., Rahimi, R., Golzareh, P., Bekhradi, R., Mehran, A. Effect of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (fennel) on menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Menopause. 2017;24(9):1017-1021.
• Rahmani, S., Asgary, S., Askari, G., et al. Treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with curcumin: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res. 2016 Sep;30(9):1540-8.
• Rahnama, P., Montazeri, A., Huseini, H. F., Kianbakht, S., Naseri, M. Effect of Zingiber officinale R. rhizomes (ginger) on pain relief in primary dysmenorrhea: a placebo randomized trial. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012;12:92.
• Rahuman, A. A., Gopalakrishnan, G., Venkatesan, P., Geetha, K., and Bagavan, A. Mosquito larvicidal activity of isolated compounds from the rhizome of Zingiber officinale. Phytother.Res 2008;22(8):1035-1039.
• Rai, A., Kaur, M., Gombra, V., Hasan, S., Kumar, N. Comparative evaluation of curcumin and antioxidants in the management of oral submucous fibrosis. J Investig Clin Dent 2019;10(4):e12464. doi: 10.1111/jicd.12464.
• Rai, A., Kumar, N., Sharma, S., Parveen, S., Rasheed, A. Turmeric in the management of oral submucous fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Ther. 2021;17(2):327-335.
• Rai, D., Singh, J. K., Roy, N., and Panda, D. Curcumin inhibits FtsZ assembly: an attractive mechanism for its antibacterial activity. Biochem.J 2-15-2008;410(1):147-155.
• Rai, M. K. and Upadhyay, S. Laboratory evaluation of essential oil of Mentha piperita Linn. against Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Hindustan Antibiot.Bull. 1988;30(3-4):82-84.
• Rainey-Smith, S. R., Brown, B. M., Sohrabi, H. R., et al. Curcumin and cognition: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of community-dwelling older adults. Br J Nutr. 2016;115(12):2106-13.
• Ram, A., Das, M., and Ghosh, B. Curcumin attenuates allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in sensitized guinea pigs. Biol.Pharm Bull. 2003;26(7):1021-1024.
• Raman, P., Pitty, R., Krithika, C. L., Anand, S. P. N., Subramani, G. P. Topical curcumin and triamcinolone acetonide in recurrent minor aphthous ulcers: a pilot trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2020;21(8):884-90.
• Ramaswami, G., Chai, H., Yao, Q., Lin, P. H., Lumsden, A. B., and Chen, C. Curcumin blocks homocysteine-induced endothelial dysfunction in porcine coronary arteries. J Vasc.Surg. 2004;40(6):1216-1222.
• Rambaldi, A., Jacobs, B. P., and Gluud, C. Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C virus liver diseases. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev 2007;(4):CD003620.
• Ramellini, G. and Meldolesi, J. Liver protection by silymarin: in vitro effect on dissociated rat hepatocytes. Arzneimittelforschung. 1976;26(1):69-73.
• Ramezani, V., Ghadirian, S., Shabani, M., Boroumand, M. A., Daneshvar, R., Saghafi, F. Efficacy of curcumin for amelioration of radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis: a preliminary randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Cancer 2023;23(1):354.
• Ramirez-Bosca, A., Soler, A., Carrion, M. A., Diaz-Alperi, J., Bernd, A., Quintanilla, C., Quintanilla, Almagro E., and Miquel, J. An hydroalcoholic extract of curcuma longa lowers the apo B/apo A ratio. Implications for atherogenesis prevention. Mech.Ageing Dev. 10-20-2000;119(1-2):41-47.
• Ramirez-Santos, A., Perez-Bustillo, A., Gonzalez-Sixto, B., Suarez-Amor, O., and Rodriguez-Prieto, M. A. [Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis due to milk thistle (Silybum marianum) tea]. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2011;102(9):744-745.
• Ramirez-Tortosa, M. C., Ramirez-Tortosa, C. L., Mesa, M. D., Granados, S., Gil, A., and Quiles, J. L. Curcumin ameliorates rabbits’s steatohepatitis via respiratory chain, oxidative stress, and TNF-alpha. Free Radic.Biol.Med. 10-1-2009;47(7):924-931.
• Ramsewak, R. S., Nair, M. G., Stommel, M., Selanders, L. In vitro antagonistic activity of monoterpenes and their mixtures against ‘toe nail fungus’ pathogens. Phytother Res 2003;17:376-9..
• Ranjan, D., Siquijor, A., Johnston, T. D., Wu, G., and Nagabhuskahn, M. The effect of curcumin on human B-cell immortalization by Epstein-Barr virus. Am Surg 1998;64(1):47-51.
• Rao, S., Dinkar, C., Vaishnav, L. K., Rao, P., Rai, M. P., Fayad, R., Baliga, M. S. The Indian Spice Turmeric Delays and Mitigates Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis in Patients Undergoing Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer: An Investigational Study. Integr Cancer Ther 2013;13(3):201-210.
• Rao, C. V., Simi, B., and Reddy, B. S. Inhibition by dietary curcumin of azoxymethane-induced ornithine decarboxylase, tyrosine protein kinase, arachidonic acid metabolism and aberrant crypt foci formation in the rat colon. Carcinogenesis 1993;14(11):2219-2225.
• Rastegarpanah, M., Malekzadeh, R., Vahedi, H., et al. A randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial of silymarin in ulcerative colitis. Chin J Integr Med. 2015;21(12):902-6.
• Rastogi, M., Ojha, R. P., Rajamanickam, G. V., Agrawal, A., Aggarwal, A., and Dubey, G. P. Curcuminoids modulates oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic rat brain. Free Radic.Res 2008;42(11-12):999-1005.
• Rasyid, A., Rahman, A. R., Jaalam, K., Lelo, A. Effect of different curcumin dosages on human gall bladder. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002;11:314-8..
• Rasyid, A. and Lelo, A. The effect of curcumin and placebo on human gall-bladder function: an ultrasound study. Aliment.Pharmacol Ther. 1999;13(2):245-249.
• Rees, W. D., Evans, B. K., Rhodes, J. Treating irritable bowel syndrome with peppermint oil. Br Med J 1979;2:835-6.
• Reutter, F. W. and Haase, W. [Clinical experience with silymarin in the treatment of chronic liver disease(author’s transl)]. Schweiz Rundsch.Med Prax. 9-9-1975;64(36):1145-1151.
• Reyes-Gordillo, K., Segovia, J., Shibayama, M., Tsutsumi, V., Vergara, P., Moreno, M. G., and Muriel, P. Curcumin prevents and reverses cirrhosis induced by bile duct obstruction or CCl4 in rats: role of TGF-beta modulation and oxidative stress. Fundam.Clin Pharmacol 2008;22(4):417-427.
• Reyes-Gordillo, K., Segovia, J., Shibayama, M., Vergara, P., Moreno, M. G., and Muriel, P. Curcumin protects against acute liver damage in the rat by inhibiting NF-kappaB, proinflammatory cytokines production and oxidative stress. Biochim.Biophys.Acta 2007;1770(6):989-996.
• Rezaie, S., Askari, G., Khorvash, F., Tarrahi, M. J., Amani, R. Effects of curcumin supplementation on clinical features and inflammation, in migraine patients: A double-blind controlled, placebo randomized clinical trial. Int J Prev Med 2021;12:161.
• Rezvani, M. and Ross, G. A. Modification of radiation-induced acute oral mucositis in the rat. Int.J Radiat.Biol. 2004;80(2):177-182.
• Rhodes, J., Evans, B. K., and Rees, W. D. Peppermint oil in enteric coated capsules for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a double blind controlled trial. Hepato-Gastroenterology 1980;27(Suppl):252.
• Rich, G., Shah, A., Koloski, N., et al. A randomized placebo-controlled trial on the effects of Menthacarin, a proprietary peppermint- and caraway-oil-preparation, on symptoms and quality of life in patients with functional dyspepsia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017;29(11).
• Rithaporn, T., Monga, M., and Rajasekaran, M. Curcumin: a potential vaginal contraceptive. Contraception 2003;68(3):219-223.
• Roberts, A. T., Martin, C. K., Liu, Z., et al. The safety and efficacy of a dietary herbal supplement and gallic acid for weight loss. J Med Food. 2007;10:184-8.
• Rogers, S. N., Pahor, A. L. A form of stomatitis induced by excessive peppermint consumption. Dent Update 1995;22:36-7.
• Romero, M. R., Efferth, T., Serrano, M. A., Castano, B., Macias, R. I., Briz, O., and Marin, J. J. Effect of artemisinin/artesunate as inhibitors of hepatitis B virus production in an “in vitro” replicative system. Antiviral Res 2005;68(2):75-83.
• Romiti, N., Tongiani, R., Cervelli, F., and Chieli, E. Effects of curcumin on P-glycoprotein in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Life Sci. 1998;62(25):2349-2358.
• Rosti, L., Nardini, A., Bettinelli, M. E., Rosti, D. Toxic effects of a herbal tea mixture in two newborns. Acta Paediatrica 1994;83:683.
• Rotem, C., Kaplan, B. Phyto-Female Complex for the relief of hot flushes, night sweats and quality of sleep: randomized, controlled, double-blind pilot study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2007;23:117-22.
• Rózanski, G., Tabisz, H., Zalewska, M., et al. Meta-Analysis of Exploring the Effect of Curcumin Supplementation with or without Other Advice on Biochemical and Anthropometric Parameters in Patients with Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023;20(5):4266.
• Rudrappa, G. H., Chakravarthi, P. T., Benny, I. R. Efficacy of high-dissolution turmeric-sesame formulation for pain relief in adult subjects with acute musculoskeletal pain compared to acetaminophen: A randomized controlled study. Medicine. 2020;99(28):e20373.
• Rudrappa, G. H., Murthy, M., Saklecha, S., Kumar Kare, S., Gupta, A., Basu, I. Fast pain relief in exercise-induced acute musculoskeletal pain by turmeric-boswellia formulation: A randomized placebo-controlled double-blinded multicentre study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022;101(35):e30144.
• Ruepert, L., Quartero, A. O., de Wit, N. J., van der Heijden, G. J., Rubin, G., and Muris, J. W. Bulking agents, antispasmodics and antidepressants for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;(8):CD003460.
• Rukkumani, R., Aruna, K., Varma, P. S., and Menon, V. P. Curcumin influences hepatic expression patterns of matrix metalloproteinases in liver toxicity. Ital.J Biochem. 2004;53(2):61-66.
• Ryan, J. L., Heckler, C. E., Roscoe, J. A., et al. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) reduces acute chemotherapy-induced nausea: a URCC CCOP study of 576 patients. Support Care Cancer. 2012;20:1479-89.
• Saadipoor, A., Razzaghdoust, A., Simforoosh, N., et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II trial of nanocurcumin in prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Phytother Res. 2019;33(2):370-378.
• Saber-Moghaddam, N., Salari, S., Hejazi, S., et al. Oral nano-curcumin formulation efficacy in management of mild to moderate hospitalized coronavirus disease-19 patients: An open label nonrandomized clinical trial. Phytother Res 2021 Jan 3. doi: 10.1002/ptr.7004.
• Saberi, Z., Gorji, N., Memariani, Z., Moeini, R., Shirafkan, H., Amiri, M. Evaluation of the effect of Silybum marianum extract on menopausal symptoms: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res. 2020.
• Saberi-Karimian, M., Ghazizadeh, H., Mohammadzadeh, E., Ferns, G. A., Ghayour-Mobarhan, M., Sahebkar, A. Does curcumin have an effect on sleep duration in metabolic syndrome patients? Avicenna J Phytomed. 2021;11(2):190-198.
• Saeedi, F., Farkhondeh, T., Roshanravan, B., Amirabadizadeh, A., Ashrafizadeh, M., Samarghandian, S. Curcumin and blood lipid levels: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022;128(6):1493-1502.
• Saeidnia, M., Fazeli, P., Erfani, M., Nowrouzi-Sohrabi, P., Tamaddon, G., Karimi, M. The Effect of Curcumin on Iron Overload in Patients with Beta-Thalassemia Intermedia. Clin Lab 2022;68(3).
• Safajou, F., Soltani, N., Taghizadeh, M., Amouzeshi, Z., Sandrous, M. The effect of combined inhalation aromatherapy with lemon and peppermint on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2020;25(5):401-406.
• Sagduyu, K. Peppermint oil for irritable bowel syndrome. Psychosomatics 2002;43:508-9.
• Sahib, A. S. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome using a selected herbal combination of Iraqi folk medicines. J Ethnopharmacol 2013;148(3):1008-12.
• Sahin, Kavakli, H., Koca, C., and Alici, O. Antioxidant effects of curcumin in spinal cord injury in rats. Ulus.Travma.Acil.Cerrahi.Derg. 2011;17(1):14-18.
• Salehi, M., Mashhadi, N. S., Esfahani, P. S., Feizi, A., Hadi, A., Askari, G. The Effects of Curcumin Supplementation on Muscle Damage, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Markers in Healthy Females with Moderate Physical Activity: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Int J Prev Med 2021;12:94.
• Salh, B. S., Assi, K., Templeman, V., Parhar, K., Owen, D., Gomez-Munoz, A., and Jacobson, K. Curcumin attenuates DNB-induced murine colitis. Am.J Physiol Gastrointest.Liver Physiol 3-13-2003;
• Saller, R., Brignoli, R., Melzer, J., Meier, R. An updated systematic review with meta-analysis for the clinical evidence of silymarin. Forsch Komplementarmed 2008;15:9-20.
• Salmi, H. A., Sarna, S. Effect of silymarin on chemical, functional, and morphological alterations of the liver. A double-blind, controlled study. Scand J Gastroenterol 1982;17:517-21.
• Samarth, R. M. and Kumar, A. Mentha piperita (Linn.) leaf extract provides protection against radiation induced chromosomal damage in bone marrow of mice. Indian J Exp Biol. 2003;41(3):229-237.
• Samarth, R. M. and Kumar, A. Radioprotection of Swiss albino mice by plant extract Mentha piperita (Linn.). J Radiat.Res (Tokyo) 2003;44(2):101-109.
• Samarth, R. M. and Samarth, M. Protection against radiation-induced testicular damage in Swiss albino mice by Mentha piperita (Linn.). Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2009;104(4):329-334.
• Samarth, R. M. Protection against radiation induced hematopoietic damage in bone marrow of Swiss albino mice by Mentha piperita (Linn). J Radiat.Res (Tokyo) 2007;48(6):523-528.
• Samarth, R. M., Goyal, P. K., and Kumar, A. Modulation of serum phosphatases activity in Swiss albino mice against gamma irradiation by Mentha piperita Linn. Phytother.Res 2002;16(6):586-589.
• Samarth, R. M., Goyal, P. K., and Kumar, A. Modulatory effect of Mentha piperita (Linn.) on serum phosphatases activity in Swiss albino mice against gamma irradiation. Indian J Exp Biol. 2001;39(5):479-482.
• Samarth, R. M., Goyal, P. K., and Kumar, A. Protection of swiss albino mice against whole-body gamma irradiation by Mentha piperita (Linn.). Phytother.Res 2004;18(7):546-550.
• Samarth, R. M., Panwar, M., Kumar, M., and Kumar, A. Radioprotective influence of Mentha piperita (Linn) against gamma irradiation in mice: Antioxidant and radical scavenging activity. Int J Radiat.Biol. 2006;82(5):331-337. [RETRACTED].
• Samarth, R. M., Saini, M. R., Maharwal, J., Dhaka, A., and Kumar, A. Mentha piperita (Linn) leaf extract provides protection against radiation induced alterations in intestinal mucosa of Swiss albino mice. Indian J Exp Biol. 2002;40(11):1245-1249.
• Sambaiah, K. and Srinivasan, K. Effect of cumin, cinnamon, ginger, mustard and tamarind in induced hypercholesterolemic rats. Nahrung 1991;35(1):47-51.
• Sanaati, F., Najafi, S., Kashaninia, Z., Sadeghi, M. Effect of Ginger and Chamomile on Nausea and Vomiting Caused by Chemotherapy in Iranian Women with Breast Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17(8):4125-9.
• Sandasi, M., Leonard, C. M., and Viljoen, A. M. The in vitro antibiofilm activity of selected culinary herbs and medicinal plants against Listeria monocytogenes. Lett.Appl.Microbiol. 2010;50(1):30-35.
• Sangouni, A. A., Taghdir, M., Mirahmadi, J., Sepandi, M., Parastouei, K. Effects of curcumin and/or coenzyme Q10 supplementation on metabolic control in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Nutr J 2022;21(1):62.
• Sanmukhani, J., Satodia, V., Trivedi, J., Patel, T., Tiwari, D., Panchal, B., Goel, A., Tripathi, C. B. Efficacy and safety of curcumin in major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Phytother Res 2014;28(4):579-85.
• Sarris, J., Ravindran, A., Yatham, L. N., et al. Clinician guidelines for the treatment of psychiatric disorders with nutraceuticals and phytoceuticals: The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Taskforce. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2022;23(6):424-455.
• Satoskar, R. R., Shah, S. J., and Shenoy, S. G. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory property of curcumin (diferuloyl methane) in patients with postoperative inflammation. Int.J Clin Pharmacol Ther.Toxicol. 1986;24(12):651-654.
• Satsu, H., Matsuda, T., Toshimitsu, T., Mori, A., Mae, T., Tsukagawa, M., Kitahara, M., and Shimizu, M. Regulation of interleukin-8 secretion in human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells by alpha-humulene. Biofactors 2004;21(1-4):137-139.
• Savino, F., Cresi, F., Castagno, E., et al. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of a standardized extract of Matricariae recutita, Foeniculum vulgare and Melissa officinalis (ColiMil) in the treatment of breastfed colicky infants. Phytother Res 2005;19:335-40.
• Savio, D., Harrasser, P. C., and Basso, G. Softgel capsule technology as an enhancer device for the absorption of natural principles in humans. A bioavailability cross-over randomised study on silybin. Arzneimittelforschung. 1998;48(11):1104-1106.
• Sawangroj, N., Budkaew, J., Chumworathayi, B. Efficacy of Curcuma longa in treatment of postprandial distress syndrome: an open-label randomized-controlled trial. F1000Res 2019;8:1827. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.20662.1.
• Sayyah, M., Boostani, H., Pakseresht, S., and Malayeri, A. Comparison of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. with fluoxetine in the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Prog.Neuropsychopharmacol.Biol.Psychiatry 3-17-2010;34(2):362-365.
• Sayyah, M., Melli, M., Rashidi, M. R., Delazar, A., Madarek, E., Kargar Maher, M. H., Ghasemzadeh, A., Sadaghat, K., and Tahmasebi, Z. Effect of peppermint water on prevention of nipple cracks in lactating primiparous women: a randomized controlled trial. Int Breastfeed J 2007;2:7.
• Schechter, J. O. Treatment of disequilibrium and nausea in the SRI discontinuation syndrome. J Clin Psychiatry 1998;59:431-2.
• Schelz, Z., Molnar, J., and Hohmann, J. Antimicrobial and antiplasmid activities of essential oils. Fitoterapia 2006;77(4):279-285.
• Schmid, R., Schick, T., Steffen, R., et al. Comparison of seven commonly used agents for prophylaxis of seasickness. J Travel Med 1994;1:102-106.
• Schmidt, E., Bail, S., Buchbauer, G., Stoilova, I., Atanasova, T., Stoyanova, A., Krastanov, A., and Jirovetz, L. Chemical composition, olfactory evaluation and antioxidant effects of essential oil from Mentha x piperita. Nat Prod Commun. 2009;4(8):1107-1112.
• Schneider, M. M. and Otten, M. H. Efficacy of colpermin in the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (abstract). Gastroenterology 1990;98(5):A389.
• Schone, F., Vetter, A., Hartung, H., Bergmann, H., Biertumpfel, A., Richter, G., Muller, S., and Breitschuh, G. Effects of essential oils from fennel (Foeniculi aetheroleum) and caraway (Carvi aetheroleum) in pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2006;90(11-12):500-510.
• Schrieber, S. J., Hawke, R. L., Wen, Z., Smith, P. C., Reddy, K. R., Wahed, A. S., Belle, S. H., Afdhal, N. H., Navarro, V. J., Meyers, C. M., Doo, E., and Fried, M. W. Differences in the disposition of silymarin between patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic hepatitis C. Drug Metab Dispos. 2011;39(12):2182-2190.
• Schrieber, S. J., Wen, Z., Vourvahis, M., Smith, P. C., Fried, M. W., Kashuba, A. D., and Hawke, R. L. The pharmacokinetics of silymarin is altered in patients with hepatitis C virus and nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease and correlates with plasma caspase-3/7 activity. Drug Metab Dispos 2008;36(9):1909-1916.
• Schriewer, H. and Rauen, H. M. [The effect of silybin dihemisuccinate on cholesterol biosynthesis in rat liver homogenates (author’s transl)]. Arzneimittelforschung. 1977;27(9):1691-1694.
• Schroder, F. H., Roobol, M. J., Boeve, E. R., de Mutsert, R., Zuijdgeest-van Leeuwen, S. D., Kersten, I., Wildhagen, M. F., and van Helvoort, A. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in men with prostate cancer and rising PSA: effectiveness of a dietary supplement. Eur Urol 2005;48(6):922-930.
• Schuhmacher, A., Reichling, J., and Schnitzler, P. Virucidal effect of peppermint oil on the enveloped viruses herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in vitro. Phytomedicine. 2003;10(6-7):504-510.
• Schuppan, D., Strosser, W., Burkard, G., and et al. Influence of Legalon(TM) 140 on the metabolism of collagen in patients with chronic liver disease–Review by measurement of PIIINP-values. Zeitschrift fur Allgemeinmedizin 1998;74:577-584.
• Schwertner, H. A., Rios, D. C., and Pascoe, J. E. Variation in concentration and labeling of ginger root dietary supplements. Obstet.Gynecol. 2006;107(6):1337-1343.
• Scontre, V. A., Martins, J. C., de Melo Sette, C. V., et al. Curcuma longa (Turmeric) for Prevention of Capecitabine-Induced Hand-Foot Syndrome: A Pilot Study. J Diet Suppl. 2018;15(5):606-612.
• Seidlová-Wuttke, D., Becker, T., Christoffel, V., Jarry, H., Wuttke, W. Silymarin is a selective estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) agonist and has estrogenic effects in the metaphysis of the femur but no or antiestrogenic effects in the uterus of ovariectomized (ovx) rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2003;86(2):179-88.
• Sekiya, K., Ohtani, A., and Kusano, S. Enhancement of insulin sensitivity in adipocytes by ginger. Biofactors 2004;22(1-4):153-156.
• Seo, K. I., Choi, M. S., Jung, U. J., Kim, H. J., Yeo, J., Jeon, S. M., and Lee, M. K. Effect of curcumin supplementation on blood glucose, plasma insulin, and glucose homeostasis related enzyme activities in diabetic db/db mice. Mol.Nutr.Food Res 2008;52(9):995-1004.
• Shafabakhsh, R., Asemi, Z., Reiner, Z., Soleimani, A., Aghadavod, E., Bahmani, F. The effects of nano-curcumin on metabolic status in patients with diabetes on hemodialysis, a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Iran J Kidney Dis. 2020;14(4):290-9.
• Shah, B. H., Nawaz, Z., Pertani, S. A. Inhibitory effect of curcumin, a food spice from turmeric, on platelet-activating factor- and arachidonic acid-mediated platelet aggregation through inhibition of thromboxane formation and Ca2+ signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 1999;58:1167-72..
• Shah, S., Rath, H., Sharma, G., Senapati, S. N., Mishra, E. Effectiveness of curcumin mouthwash on radiation-induced oral mucositis among head and neck cancer patients: a triple-blind, pilot randomised controlled trial. Indian J Dent Res 2020;31(5):718-27.
• Shahbazi, F., Sadighi, S., Dashti-Khavidaki, S., et al. Effect of Silymarin Administration on Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity: Report from A Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Phytother Res. 2015;29(7):1046-53.
• Shahiduzzaman, M., Dyachenko, V., Khalafalla, R. E., Desouky, A. Y., and Daugschies, A. Effects of curcumin on Cryptosporidium parvum in vitro. Parasitol.Res 2009;105(4):1155-1161.
• Shahrahmani, H., Ghazanfarpour, M., Shahrahmani, N., Abdi, F., Sewell, R. D. E., Rafieian-Kopaei, M. Effect of fennel on primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Complement Integr Med 2021;18(2):261-269.
• Shalansky, S., Lynd, L., Richardson, K., et al. Risk of warfarin-related bleeding events and supratherapeutic international normalized ratios associated with complementary and alternative medicine: a longitudinal analysis. Pharmacotherapy. 2007;27:1237-47.
• Shanazi, M., Farshbaf Khalili, A., Kamalifard, M., Asghari Jafarabadi, M., Masoudin, K., Esmaeli, F. Comparison of the Effects of Lanolin, Peppermint, and Dexpanthenol Creams on Treatment of Traumatic Nipples in Breastfeeding Mothers. J Caring Sci 2015;4(4):297-307.
• Shariatpanahi, Z. V., Taleban, F. A., Mokhtari, M., et al. Ginger extract reduces delayed gastric emptying and nosocomial pneumonia in adult respiratory distress syndrome patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit. J Crit Care. 2010;25:647-50.
• Sharma, R. A., McLelland, H. R., Hill, K. A., et al. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic study of oral Curcuma extract in patients with colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2001;7:1894-900..
• Sharma, A., Sharma, M. K., and Kumar, M. Protective effect of Mentha piperita against arsenic-induced toxicity in liver of Swiss albino mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007;100(4):249-257.
• Sharma, R. A., Euden, S. A., Platton, S. L., Cooke, D. N., Shafayat, A., Hewitt, H. R., Marczylo, T. H., Morgan, B., Hemingway, D., Plummer, S. M., Pirmohamed, M., Gescher, A. J., and Steward, W. P. Phase I clinical trial of oral curcumin: biomarkers of systemic activity and compliance. Clin Cancer Res 10-15-2004;10(20):6847-6854.
• Sharma, S. S. and Gupta, Y. K. Reversal of cisplatin-induced delay in gastric emptying in rats by ginger (Zingiber officinale). J Ethnopharmacol. 1998;62(1):49-55.
• Sharma, S., Kulkarni, S. K., Agrewala, J. N., and Chopra, K. Curcumin attenuates thermal hyperalgesia in a diabetic mouse model of neuropathic pain. Eur.J Pharmacol 5-1-2006;536(3):256-261.
• Shavakhi, A., Ardestani, S. K., Taki, M., Goli, M., and Keshteli, A. H. Premedication with peppermint oil capsules in colonoscopy: a double blind placebo-controlled randomized trial study. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2012;75(3):349-353.
• Shavandi, M., Yazdani, Y., Asar, S., Mohammadi, A., Mohammadi-Noori, E., Kiani, A. The Effect of Oral Administration of Silymarin on Serum Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-a and Interleukin-1ß in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Iran J Immunol 2022;19(4):427-435.
• Shaw, G., Srivastava, E. D., Sadlier, M., Swann, P., James, J. Y., and Rhodes, J. Stress management for irritable bowel syndrome: a controlled trial. Digestion 1991;50(1):36-42.
• Shayegh, S., Rasooli, I., Taghizadeh, M., and Astaneh, S. D. Phytotherapeutic inhibition of supragingival dental plaque. Nat Prod Res 3-20-2008;22(5):428-439.
• Sheikhhossein, F., Borazjani, M., Jafari, A., et al. Effects of ginger supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021;45:111-9.
• Shen, W., Qu, Y., Jiang, H., et al. Therapeutic effect and safety of curcumin in women with PCOS: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022;13:1051111.
• Shen, C. L., Hong, K. J., and Kim, S. W. Effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) on decreasing the production of inflammatory mediators in sow osteoarthrotic cartilage explants. J Med Food 2003;6(4):323-328.
• Shenouda, N. S., Zhou, C., Browning, J. D., Ansell, P. J., Sakla, M. S., Lubahn, D. B., and MacDonald, R. S. Phytoestrogens in common herbs regulate prostate cancer cell growth in vitro. Nutr.Cancer 2004;49(2):200-208.
• Sherry, C. J. and Hunter, P. S. The effect of an ethanol extract of catnip (Nepeta cataria) on the behavior of the young chick. Experientia 2-15-1979;35(2):237-238.
• Shie Morteza, M., Hayati, Z., Namazi, N., Abdollahimajd, F. Efficacy and safety of oral silymarin in comparison with oral doxycycline and their combination therapy in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Dermatol Ther. 2019;32(6):e13095.
• Shimmyo, Y., Kihara, T., Akaike, A., Niidome, T., and Sugimoto, H. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and curcumin suppress amyloid beta-induced beta-site APP cleaving enzyme-1 upregulation. Neuroreport 8-27-2008;19(13):1329-1333.
• Shimouchi, A., Nose, K., Takaoka, M., Hayashi, H., and Kondo, T. Effect of dietary turmeric on breath hydrogen. Dig.Dis.Sci. 2009;54(8):1725-1729.
• Shin, B. C., Lee, M. S. Effects of aromatherapy acupressure on hemiplegic shoulder pain and motor power in stroke patients: a pilot study. J Altern Complement Med 2007;13(2):247-51.
• Shin, S. G., Kim, J. Y., Chung, H. Y., and Jeong, J. C. Zingerone as an antioxidant against peroxynitrite. J Agric.Food Chem. 9-21-2005;53(19):7617-7622.
• Shirvani, M. A., Motahari-Tabari, N., Alipour, A. The effect of mefenamic acid and ginger on pain relief in primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized clinical trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2015;291(6):1277-81.
• Shkurupii, V. A., Kazarinova, N. V., Ogirenko, A. P., Nikonov, S. D., Tkachev, A. V., and Tkachenko, K. G. [Efficiency of the use of peppermint (Mentha piperita L) essential oil inhalations in the combined multi-drug therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis]. Probl Tuberk 2002;(4):36-39.
• Shoba, G., Joy, D., Joseph, T., Majeed, M., Rajendran, R., and Srinivas, P. S. Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of curcumin in animals and human volunteers. Planta Med 1998;64(4):353-356.
• Shoskes, D. A. Effect of bioflavonoids quercetin and curcumin on ischemic renal injury: a new class of renoprotective agents. Transplantation 7-27-1998;66(2):147-152.
• Shu, J. C., He, Y. J., Lv, X., Ye, G. R., and Wang, L. X. Curcumin prevents liver fibrosis by inducing apoptosis and suppressing activation of hepatic stellate cells. J Nat.Med. 2009;63(4):415-420.
• Shubha, M. C., Reddy, R. R., and Srinivasan, K. Antilithogenic influence of dietary capsaicin and curcumin during experimental induction of cholesterol gallstone in mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2011;36(2):201-209.
• Shulman, R. J., Chumpitazi, B. P., Abdel-Rahman, S. M., Garg, U., Musaad, S., Kearns, G. L. Randomised trial: Peppermint oil (menthol) pharmacokinetics in children and effects on gut motility in children with functional abdominal pain. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022;88(3):1321-1333.
• Sihombing, A. T., Prabharani, D., Lukman, K., Sudjud, R. W. The effectiveness of ginger extract addition in calorified drinks during perioperative period to nausea severity, vomitus, post-operative anxiety, and metabolic disorder: A randomized control trial. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022 Nov 11;84:104865.
• Simental-Mendía, L. E., Pirro, M., Gotto, A. M Jr., et al. Lipid-modifying activity of curcuminoids: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017:1-10.
• Simon, A., Darcsi, A., Kéry, Á., Riethmüller, E. Blood-brain barrier permeability study of ginger constituents. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2020;177:112820.
• Singh, M., Singh, N. Curcumin counteracts the proliferative effect of estradiol and induces apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem. 2011;347(1-2):1-11.
• Singh, A., Daing, A., and Dixit, J. The effect of herbal, essential oil and chlorhexidine mouthrinse on de novo plaque formation. Int J Dent Hyg 2013;11(1):48-52.
• Singh, B. and Kale, R. K. Chemomodulatory action of Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) on skin and forestomach papillomagenesis, enzymes associated with xenobiotic metabolism and antioxidant status in murine model system. Food Chem.Toxicol. 2008;46(12):3842-3850.
• Singla, V., Pratap Mouli, V., Garg, S. K., Rai, T., Choudhury, B. N., Verma, P., Deb, R., Tiwari, V., Rohatgi, S., Dhingra, R., Kedia, S., Sharma, P. K., Makharia, G., Ahuja, V. Induction with NCB-02 (curcumin) enema for mild-to-moderate distal ulcerative colitis – a randomized, placebo-controlled, pilot study. J Crohns Colitis 2014;8(3):208-14.
• Sites, D. S., Johnson, N. T., Miller, J. A., Torbush, P. H., Hardin, J. S., Knowles, S. S., Nance, J., Fox, T. H., Tart, R. C. Controlled breathing with or without peppermint aromatherapy for postoperative nausea and/or vomiting symptom relief: a randomized controlled trial. J Perianesth Nurs. 2014 Feb;29(1):12-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2013.09.008.
• Sivalingam, N., Hanumantharaya, R., Faith, M., Basivireddy, J., Balasubramanian, K. A., and Jacob, M. Curcumin reduces indomethacin-induced damage in the rat small intestine. J Appl.Toxicol 2007;27(6):551-560.
• Skiba, M. B., Luis, P. B., Alfarara, C., Billheimer, D., Schneider, C., Funk, J. L. Curcuminoid content and safety-related markers of quality of turmeric dietary supplements sold in an urban retail marketplace in the United States. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018 May 29:e1800143 [Epub ahead of print]
• Skottova, N. and Krecman, V. Silymarin as a potential hypocholesterolaemic drug. Physiol Res 1998;47(1):1-7.
• Small, G. W., Siddarth, P., Li, Z., et al. Memory and brain amyloid and tau effects of a bioavailable form of curcumin in non-demented adults: A double-blind, placebo-controlled 18-month trial. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2018;26(3):266-277.
• Smith, C., Crowther, C., Willson, K., et al. A randomized controlled trial of ginger to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2004;103:639-45.
• Smith, M. R., Gangireddy, S. R., Narala, V. R., Hogaboam, C. M., Standiford, T. J., Christensen, P. J., Kondapi, A. K., and Reddy, R. C. Curcumin inhibits fibrosis-related effects in IPF fibroblasts and in mice following bleomycin-induced lung injury. Am.J Physiol Lung Cell Mol.Physiol 1-8-2010;
• Sohal, A., Alhankawi, D., Sandhu, S., Chintanaboina, J. Turmeric-induced hepatotoxicity: Report of 2 cases. Int Med Case Rep J 2021;14:849-852.
• Sohrevardi, S. M., Heydari, B., Azarpazhooh, M. R., et al. Therapeutic effect of curcumin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome receiving metformin: A randomized controlled trial. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1308:109-117.
• Sola-Bonada, N., de Andres-Lazaro, A. M., Roca-Massa, M., Bordas-Alsina, J. M., Codina-Jane, C., and Ribas-Sala, J. [1.6% peppermint oil solution as intestinal spasmolytic in retrograde endoscopic cholangiopancreatography]. Farm Hosp 2012;36(4):256-260.
• Soleimani, M., Kashfi, L. S., Mirmohamadkhani, M., Ghods, A. A. The effect of aromatherapy with peppermint essential oil on anxiety of cardiac patients in emergency department: A placebo-controlled study. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2022;46:101533.
• Soleymani, S., Ayati, M. H., Mansourzadeh, M. J., Namazi, N., Zargaran, A. The effects of Silymarin on the features of cardiometabolic syndrome in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res. 2022 Jan 11. doi: 10.1002/ptr.7364.
• Somasundaram, S., Edmund, N. A., Moore, D. T., Small, G. W., Shi, Y. Y., Orlowski, R. Z. Dietary curcumin inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in models of human breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2002;62(13):3868-75.
• Somerville, K. W., Richmond, C. R., Bell, G. D. Delayed release peppermint oil capsules (Colpermin) for the spastic colon syndrome: a pharmacokinetic study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1984;18:638-40.
• Somogyi, A., Ecsedi, G. G., Blazovics, A., Miskolczi, K., Gergely, P., and Feher, J. Short term treatment of type II hyperlipoproteinaemia with silymarin. Acta Med Hung. 1989;46(4):289-295.
• Song, E. K., Cho, H., Kim, J. S., Kim, N. Y., An, N. H., Kim, J. A., Lee, S. H., and Kim, Y. C. Diarylheptanoids with free radical scavenging and hepatoprotective activity in vitro from Curcuma longa. Planta Med. 2001;67(9):876-877.
• Soni, T. P., Gupta, A. K., Sharma, L. M., Singhal, H., Sharma, S., Gothwal, R. S. A randomized, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effect of bio-enhanced turmeric formulation on radiation-induced oral mucositis. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2021:1-11.
• Soni, K. B., Rajan, A., and Kuttan, R. Reversal of aflatoxin induced liver damage by turmeric and curcumin. Cancer Lett. 9-30-1992;66(2):115-121.
• Sonnenbichler, J. and Zetl, I. Stimulating influence of a flavonolignane derivative on proliferation, RNA synthesis and protein synthesis in liver cells. In: Okoliczanyi L, Csomos G, Crepaldi G, and et al. Assessment and Management of Hepatobiliary Disease. Berlin: Springer-Verlag;1987.
• Sonnenbichler, J., Scalera, F., Sonnenbichler, I., Weyhenmeyer, R. Stimulatory effects of silibinin and silicristin from the milk thistle Silybum marianum on kidney cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999;290:1375-83.
• Sonnenbichler, J. and Zetl, I. Biochemical effects of the flavonolignane silibinin on RNA, protein and DNA synthesis in rat livers. Prog.Clin Biol Res 1986;213:319-331.
• Sonnenbichler, J., Goldberg, M., Hane, L., Madubunyi, I., Vogl, S., and Zetl, I. Stimulatory effect of Silibinin on the DNA synthesis in partially hepatectomized rat livers: non-response in hepatoma and other malign cell lines. Biochem.Pharmacol 2-1-1986;35(3):538-541.
• Sood, A., Mathew, R., and Trachtman, H. Cytoprotective effect of curcumin in human proximal tubule epithelial cells exposed to shiga toxin. Biochem.Biophys.Res Commun. 4-27-2001;283(1):36-41.
• Sotanaphun, U., Phattanawasin, P., and Sriphong, L. Application of Scion image software to the simultaneous determination of curcuminoids in turmeric (Curcuma longa). Phytochem.Anal. 2009;20(1):19-23.
• Soto, C. P., Perez, B. L., Favari, L. P., and Reyes, J. L. Prevention of alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in the rat by silymarin. Comp Biochem Physiol C.Pharmacol Toxicol.Endocrinol. 1998;119(2):125-129.
• Sparks, M. J., O’Sullivan, P, Herrington, A. A., Morcos, S. K. Does peppermint oil relieve spasm during barium enema? Br J Radiol 1995;68:841-3.
• Spirling, L. I. and Daniels, I. R. Botanical perspectives on health peppermint: more than just an after-dinner mint. J R.Soc.Promot.Health 2001;121(1):62-63.
• Sreejayan and Rao, M. N. – Curcuminoids as potent inhibitors of lipid peroxidation. J Pharm Pharmacol 1994;46(12):1013-1016.
• Srichairatanakool, S., Thephinlap, C., Phisalaphong, C., Porter, J. B., and Fucharoen, S. Curcumin contributes to in vitro removal of non-transferrin bound iron by deferiprone and desferrioxamine in thalassemic plasma. Med.Chem. 2007;3(5):469-474.
• Sridar, C., Goosen, T. C., Kent, U. M., et al. Silybin inactivates cytochromes P450 3A4 and 2C9 and inhibits major hepatic glucuronosyltransferases. Drug Metab Dispos 2004;32:587-94.
• Sridharan, K., Sivaramakrishnan, G. Efficacy and safety of iron chelators in thalassemia and sickle cell disease: a multiple treatment comparison network meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2018;11(6):641-50. doi: 10.1080/17512433.2018.1473760.
• Srinivasan, A., Selvarajan, S., Kamalanathan, S., Kadhiravan, T., Prasanna Lakshmi, N. C., Adithan, S. Effect of Curcuma longa on vascular function in native Tamilians with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double-blind, parallel arm, placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res. 2019;33(7):1898-1911.
• Srinivasan, K. and Sambaiah, K. The effect of spices on cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity and on serum and hepatic cholesterol levels in the rat. Int.J Vitam.Nutr.Res 1991;61(4):364-369.
• Srinivasan, M. Effect of curcumin on blood sugar as seen in a diabetic subject. Indian J Med Sci 1972;26(4):269-270.
• Srinivasan, M., Sudheer, A. R., Rajasekaran, K. N., and Menon, V. P. Effect of curcumin analog on gamma-radiation-induced cellular changes in primary culture of isolated rat hepatocytes in vitro. Chem.Biol.Interact. 10-22-2008;176(1):1-8.
• Sripramote, M. and Lekhyananda, N. A randomized comparison of ginger and vitamin B6 in the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. J Med Assoc.Thai. 2003;86(9):846-853.
• Srivastava, K. C., Mustafa, T. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and rheumatic disorders. Med Hypotheses 1989;29:25-8.
• Srivastava, K. C. Effect of onion and ginger consumption on platelet thromboxane production in humans. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1989;35:183-5.
• Srivastava, K. C. Extracts from two frequently consumed spices–cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and turmeric (Curcuma longa)–inhibit platelet aggregation and alter eicosanoid biosynthesis in human blood platelets. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 1989;37(1):57-64.
• Srivastava, K. C. – Isolation and effects of some ginger components on platelet aggregation and eicosanoid biosynthesis. Prostaglandins Leukot.Med. 1986;25(2-3):187-198.
• Srivastava, K. C., Bordia, A., and Verma, S. K. Curcumin, a major component of food spice turmeric (Curcuma longa) inhibits aggregation and alters eicosanoid metabolism in human blood platelets. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 1995;52(4):223-227.
• Srivastava, R., Dikshit, M., Srimal, R. C., and Dhawan, B. N. Anti-thrombotic effect of curcumin. Thromb.Res 11-1-1985;40(3):413-417.
• Srivastava, R., Puri, V., Srimal, R. C., and Dhawan, B. N. Effect of curcumin on platelet aggregation and vascular prostacyclin synthesis. Arzneimittelforschung. 1986;36(4):715-717.
• Sroka, Z., Fecka, I., and Cisowski, W. Antiradical and anti-H2O2 properties of polyphenolic compounds from an aqueous peppermint extract. Z Naturforsch.C. 2005;60(11-12):826-832.
• Sterzi, S., Giordani, L., Morrone, M., Lena, E., et al. The efficacy and safety of a combination of glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate, and bio-circumin with exercise in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2016 Jun;52(3):321-30.
• Stewart, J. J., Wood, M. J., Wood, C. D., Mims, M. E. Effects of ginger on motion sickness susceptibility and gastric function. Pharmacology 1991;42:111-20.
• Storr, M., Sibaev, A., Weiser, D., et al. Herbal extracts modulate the amplitude and frequency of slow waves in circular smooth muscle of mouse small intestine. Digestion 2004;70:257-64.
• Stringer, J. and Donald, G. Aromasticks in cancer care: an innovation not to be sniffed at. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2011;17(2):116-121.
• Studlar, M. Die Behandlung chronischer Leberkrankungen mit Silymarin und B-Vitaminen. Therapiewoche 1985;35:3375-3378.
• Suares, N. C. and Ford, A. C. Diagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Discov.Med. 2011;11(60):425-433.
• Subehan, Usia, T., Iwata, H., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. Mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 by Indonesian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 5-24-2006;105(3):449-455.
• Subehan, Zaidi, S. F., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. Inhibition on human liver cytochrome P450 3A4 by constituents of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare): identification and characterization of a mechanism-based inactivator. J Agric.Food Chem. 12-12-2007;55(25):10162-10167.
• Suekawa, M., Ishige, A., Yuasa, K., et al. Pharmacological studies on ginger. I. Pharmacological actions of pungent constitutents, (6)-gingerol and (6)-shogaol. J Pharmacobiodyn 1984;7:836-48.
• Sugimoto, K., Hanai, H., Tozawa, K., Aoshi, T., Uchijima, M., Nagata, T., and Koide, Y. Curcumin prevents and ameliorates trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice. Gastroenterology 2002;123(6):1912-1922.
• Sugiyama, T., Nagata, J., Yamagishi, A., et al. Selective protection of curcumin against carbon tetrachloride-induced inactivation of hepatic cytochrome P450 isozymes in rats. Life Sci 2006;78:2188-93.
• Suhail, F. K., Masood, U., Sharma, A., John, S., Dhamoon, A. Turmeric supplement induced hepatotoxicity: a rare complication of a poorly regulated substance. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2020;58(3):216-217.
• Suksomboon, N., Poolsup, N., Boonkaew, S., Suthisisang, C. C. Meta-analysis of the effect of herbal supplement on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 2011;137(3):1328-1333.
• Sullivan, T. E., Warm, J. S., Schefft, B. K., Dember, W. N., O’Dell, M. W., and Peterson, S. J. Effects of olfactory stimulation on the vigilance performance of individuals with brain injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1998;20(2):227-236.
• Sumiyoshi, M. and Kimura, Y. Effects of a turmeric extract (Curcuma longa) on chronic ultraviolet B irradiation-induced skin damage in melanin-possessing hairless mice. Phytomedicine. 2009;16(12):1137-1143.
• Surh, Y. J. Anti-tumor promoting potential of selected spice ingredients with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities: a short review. Food Chem Toxicol 2002;40:1091-7.
• Suzuki, M., Betsuyaku, T., Ito, Y., Nagai, K., Odajima, N., Moriyama, C., Nasuhara, Y., and Nishimura, M. Curcumin attenuates elastase- and cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema in mice. Am.J Physiol Lung Cell Mol.Physiol 2009;296(4):L614-L623.
• Szilard, S., Szentgyorgyi, D., Demeter, I. Protective effect of Legalon in workers exposed to organic solvents. Acta Med Hung 1988;45:249-56.
• Tabaee, S., Sahebkar, A., Aghamohammadi, T., et al. The effects of curcumin plus piperine supplementation in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled Trial. Adv Exp Med Biol 2021;1328:199-211.
• Tabrizi, R., Vakili, S., Akbari, M., et al. The effects of curcumin-containing supplements on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res. 2019;33(2):253-262.
• Taheri, J. B., Azimi, S., Rafieian, N., and Zanjani, H. A. Herbs in dentistry. Int Dent.J 2011;61(6):287-296.
• Takada, Y., Bhardwaj, A., Potdar, P., Aggarwal, B. B. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents differ in their ability to suppress NF-kappaB activation, inhibition of expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and cyclin D1, and abrogation of tumor cell proliferation. Oncogene 2004;23:9247-58.
• Takahashi, M., Li, W., Koike, K., et al. Clinical effectiveness of KSS formula, a traditional folk remedy for alcohol hangover symptoms. J Nat Med. 2010;64:487-91.
• Talakesh, T., Tabatabaee, N., Atoof, F., et al. Effect of nano-curcumin on radiotherapy-induced skin reaction in breast cancer patients: A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Curr Radiopharm 2022.
• Tamir, S., Davidovich, Z., Attal, P., and Eliashar, R. Peppermint oil chemical burn. Otolaryngol.Head Neck Surg. 2005;133(5):801-802.
• Tampieri, M. P., Galuppi, R., Macchioni, F., Carelle, M. S., Falcioni, L., Cioni, P. L., and Morelli, I. The inhibition of Candida albicans by selected essential oils and their major components. Mycopathologia 2005;159(3):339-345.
• Tan, C. C., Wong, K. S., Thirumoorthy, T., Lee, E., and Woo, K-T. A randomized, crossover trial of Sarna and Eurax lotions in treatment of haemodialysis patients with uraemic pruritus. J Dermatol Treat 1990;1(5):235-238.
• Tanaka, K., Kuba, Y., Sasaki, T., Hiwatashi, F., and Komatsu, K. Quantitation of curcuminoids in curcuma rhizome by near-infrared spectroscopic analysis. J Agric.Food Chem. 10-8-2008;56(19):8787-8792.
• Tanamly, M.D., Tadros, F., Labeeb, S., et al. Randomised double-blinded trial evaluating silymarin for chronic hepatitis C in an Egyptian village: study description and 12-month results. Dig Liver Dis 2004;36:752-9.
• Tang, X. Q., Bi, H., Feng, J. Q., and Cao, J. G. Effect of curcumin on multidrug resistance in resistant human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC7901/VCR. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2005;26(8):1009-1016.
• Tang, Y. H., Bao, M. W., Yang, B., Zhang, Y., Zhang, B. S., Zhou, Q., Chen, J. L., and Huang, C. X. [Curcumin attenuates left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling in rabbits with chronic heart failure.]. Zhonghua Xin.Xue.Guan.Bing.Za Zhi. 2009;37(3):262-267.
• Tanwar, V., Sachdeva, J., Golechha, M., Kumari, S., and Arya, D. S. Curcumin protects rat myocardium against isoproterenol-induced ischemic injury: attenuation of ventricular dysfunction through increased expression of Hsp27 along with strengthening antioxidant defense system. J Cardiovasc.Pharmacol 2010;55(4):377-384.
• Tanwar, V., Sachdeva, J., Kishore, K., Mittal, R., Nag, T. C., Ray, R., Kumari, S., and Arya, D. S. Dose-dependent actions of curcumin in experimentally induced myocardial necrosis: a biochemical, histopathological, and electron microscopic evidence. Cell Biochem.Funct. 2010;28(1):74-82.
• Tao, Q. F., Xu, Y., Lam, R. Y., Schneider, B., Dou, H., Leung, P. S., Shi, S. Y., Zhou, C. X., Yang, L. X., Zhang, R. P., Xiao, Y. C., Wu, X., Stockigt, J., Zeng, S., Cheng, C. H., and Zhao, Y. Diarylheptanoids and a monoterpenoid from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale: antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. J Nat.Prod. 2008;71(1):12-17.
• Tatapudi, R., Abdul Samad, S. K., Manyam, R., Dasari, D., Lakshmi, R. V. Efficacy of curcumin in the treatment of denture stomatitis: A randomized double-blind study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021;25(2):286-291.
• Tate, S. Peppermint oil: a treatment for postoperative nausea. J Adv Nurs 1997;26:543-9.
• Tavlan, A., Tuncer, S., Erol, A., et al. Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after thyroidectomy: combined antiemetic treatment with dexamethasone and ginger versus dexamethasone alone. Clin Drug Investig. 2006;26:209-14.
• Tayel, A. A. and El Tras, W. F. Possibility of fighting food borne bacteria by egyptian folk medicinal herbs and spices extracts. J Egypt.Public Health Assoc. 2009;84(1-2):21-32.
• Taylor, B., Luscombe, D., and Duthie, H. Inhibitory effect of peppermint oil on gastrointestinal smooth muscle. Gut 1983;24:A992.
• Teichmann, A., Heuschkel, S., Jacobi, U., Presse, G., Neubert, R. H., Sterry, W., and Lademann, J. Comparison of stratum corneum penetration and localization of a lipophilic model drug applied in an o/w microemulsion and an amphiphilic cream. Eur.J Pharm Biopharm. 2007;67(3):699-706.
• Terby, S., Shereef, M., Ramanarayanan, V., Balakrishnan, B. The effect of curcumin as an adjunct in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Saudi Dent J 2021;33(7):375-385.
• Terry, R., Posadzki, P., Watson, L. .K., Ernst, E. The use of ginger (Zingiber officinale) for the treatment of pain: a systematic review of clinical trials. Pain Med 2011;12:1808-18.
• Thaloor, D., Singh, A. K., Sidhu, G. .S, et al. Inhibition of angiogenic differentiation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by curcumin. Cell Growth Differ 1998;9:305-12.
• Thamlikitkul, L., Srimuninnimit, V., Akewanlop C., et al. Efficacy of ginger for prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in breast cancer patients receiving adriamycin-cyclophosphamide regimen: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Support Care Cancer. 2017;25(2):459-464.
• Thamlikitkul, V., Bunyapraphatsara, N., Dechatiwongse, T., et al. Randomized double blind study of Curcuma domestica Val. for dyspepsia. J Med Assoc Thai 1989;72:613-20.
• Thanawala, S., Shah, R., Alluri, K. V., Somepalli, V., Vaze, S1, Upadhyay, V.. Comparative bioavailability of curcuminoids from a water-dispersible high curcuminoid turmeric extract against a generic turmeric extract: a randomized, cross-over, comparative, pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2021;73(6):816-823.
• Thanawala, S., Shah, R., Somepalli, V., Alluri, K. V., Desomayanandam, P., Bhuvanendran, A. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing efficacy and safety of a novel low-dose turmeric extract formulation in healthy adults with chronic knee pain. Clin Pharmacol. 2021;13:91-100.
• Thapa, S., Luna, R. A., Chumpitazi, B. P., et al. Peppermint oil effects on the gut microbiome in children with functional abdominal pain. Clin Transl Sci 2022.
• Thapliyal, R., Deshpande, S. S., Maru, G. B. Mechanism(s) of turmeric-mediated protective effects against benzo(a)pyrene-derived DNA adducts. Cancer Lett 2002;175:79-88.
• Thapliyal, R., Maru, G. B. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 isozymes by curcumins in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2001;39:541-7.
• Thomas, J. M., Payne-James, J., Carr, N., and et al. Peppermint oil following appendicectomy. A (deliberately) small clinical trial. Surg Res Commun 1988;2(4):285-287.
• Thomas, R., Williams, M., Sharma, H., Chaudry, A., Bellamy, P. A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial evaluating the effect of a polyphenol-rich whole food supplement on PSA progression in men with prostate cancer–the U.K. NCRN Pomi-T study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2014;17(2):180-6.
• Thompson, Coon J. and Ernst, E. Systematic review: herbal medicinal products for non-ulcer dyspepsia. Aliment.Pharmacol Ther 2002;16(10):1689-1699.
• Thompson, D. A. and Tan, B. B. Tetrahydracurcumin-related allergic contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2006;55(4):254-255.
• Thomson, M., Al-Qattan, K. K., Al-Sawan, S. M., et al. The use of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) as a potential anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic agent. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2002;67:475-8.
• Thomson, M., Corbin, R., Leung, L. Effects of ginger for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: a meta-analysis. J Am Board Fam Med 2014;27(1):115-22.
• Thongson, C., Davidson, P. M., Mahakarnchanakul, W., and Vibulsresth, P. Antimicrobial effect of Thai spices against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium DT104. J Food Prot. 2005;68(10):2054-2058.
• Thongson, C., Davidson, P. M., Mahakarnchanakul, W., and Vibulsresth, P. Antimicrobial effect of Thai spices against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium DT104. J Food Prot. 2005;68(10):2054-2058.
• Thresiamma, K. C., George, J., and Kuttan, R. Protective effect of curcumin, ellagic acid and bixin on radiation induced genotoxicity. J Exp.Clin Cancer Res 1998;17(4):431-434.
• Tian, F., McLaughlin, J. L.. Bioactive flavonoids from the black locust tree, robinia pseudoacacia. Pharm Biol. 2000;38(3):229-34. doi: 10.1076/1388-0209(200007)3831-SFT229. PMID: 21214467.
• Tian, Y. M., Zhou, D., Zhang, W., and Cheng, C. G. [Comparison and correlative analysis of trace elements in five kinds of radix curcumae]. Guang.Pu.Xue.Yu Guang.Pu.Fen.Xi. 2008;28(9):2192-2195.
• Tikoo, K., Meena, R. L., Kabra, D. G., and Gaikwad, A. B. Change in post-translational modifications of histone H3, heat-shock protein-27 and MAP kinase p38 expression by curcumin in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic nephropathy. Br.J Pharmacol 2008;153(6):1225-1231.
• Tirkey, N., Kaur, G., Vij, G., and Chopra, K. Curcumin, a diferuloylmethane, attenuates cyclosporine-induced renal dysfunction and oxidative stress in rat kidneys. BMC.Pharmacol 2005;5:15.
• Tiwari, P., Kumar, A., Balakrishnan, S., Kushwaha, H. S., and Mishra, K. P. Silibinin-induced apoptosis in MCF7 and T47D human breast carcinoma cells involves caspase-8 activation and mitochondrial pathway. Cancer Invest 2011;29(1):12-20.
• Tognolini, M., Ballabeni, V., Bertoni, S., Bruni, R., Impicciatore, M., and Barocelli, E. Protective effect of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil and anethole in an experimental model of thrombosis. Pharmacol.Res 2007;56(3):254-260.
• Tognolini, M., Barocelli, E., Ballabeni, V., Bruni, R., Bianchi, A., Chiavarini, M., and Impicciatore, M. Comparative screening of plant essential oils: phenylpropanoid moiety as basic core for antiplatelet activity. Life Sci. 2-23-2006;78(13):1419-1432.
• Toomari, E., Hajian, S., Mojab, F., Omidkhah, T., Nasiri, M. Evaluation of the effect of Silybum marianum ointment on episiotomy wound healing and pain intensity in primiparous women: a randomized triple blind clinical trial. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2021 Oct 7;21(1):253.
• Tosun, B., Unal, N., Yigit, D., Can, N., Aslan, O., Tunay, S. Effects of Self-Knee Massage With Ginger Oil in Patients With Osteoarthritis: An Experimental Study. Res Theory Nurs Pract. 2017;31(4):379-392.
• Tóth, B., Lantos, T., Hegyi, P., et al. Ginger (Zingiber officinale): An alternative for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. A meta-analysis. Phytomedicine. 2018 Nov 15;50:8-18. Epub 2018 Sep 5.
• Tóth, B., Németh, D., Soós, A., et al. The effects of a fixed combination of Berberis aristata and Silybum marianum on dyslipidaemia – A meta-analysis and systematic review. Planta Med. 2019.
• Trabace, L., Tucci, P., Ciuffreda, L., et al. “Natural” relief of pregnancy-related symptoms and neonatal outcomes: above all do no harm. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;174:396-402.
• Tran, A., Pratt, M., and DeKoven, J. Acute allergic contact dermatitis of the lips from peppermint oil in a lip balm. Dermatitis 2010;21(2):111-115.
• Trinchet, J. C., Coste, T., Levy, V. G. [Treatment of alcoholic hepatitis with silymarin. A double-blind comparative study in 116 patients]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1989;13:120-4.
• Trinkley, K. E. and Nahata, M. C. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. J.Clin.Pharm.Ther. 2011;36(3):275-282.
• Tsai, I. C., Hsu, C. W., Chang, C. H., Tseng, P. T., Chang, K. V. The effect of curcumin differs on individual cognitive domains across different patient populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021;14(12):1235.
• Tuntipopipat, S., Judprasong, K., Zeder, C., Wasantwisut, E., Winichagoon, P., Charoenkiatkul, S., Hurrell, R., and Walczyk, T. Chili, but not turmeric, inhibits iron absorption in young women from an iron-fortified composite meal. J Nutr. 2006;136(12):2970-2974.
• Tuntipopipat, S., Zeder, C., Siriprapa, P., and Charoenkiatkul, S. Inhibitory effects of spices and herbs on iron availability. Int.J Food Sci.Nutr. 2009;60 Suppl 1:43-55.
• Tyutyulkova, N., Tuneva, S., Gorantcheva, U., Tanev, G., Zhivkov, V., Chelibonova-Lorer, H., and Bozhkov, S. Hepatoprotective effect of silymarin (carsil) on liver of D- galactosamine treated rats. Biochemical and morphological investigations. Methods Find.Exp Clin Pharmacol 1981;3(2):71-77.
• Ukil, A., Maity, S., Karmakar, S., Datta, N., Vedasiromoni, J. R., and Das, P. K. Curcumin, the major component of food flavour turmeric, reduces mucosal injury in trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis. Br.J Pharmacol 2003;139(2):209-218.
• Umezu, T. and Morita, M. Evidence for the involvement of dopamine in ambulation promoted by menthol in mice. J Pharmacol Sci. 2003;91(2):125-135.
• Umezu, T. Evidence for dopamine involvement in ambulation promoted by menthone in mice. Pharmacol Biochem.Behav. 2009;91(3):315-320.
• Umezu, T. Evidence for dopamine involvement in ambulation promoted by pulegone in mice. Pharmacol Biochem.Behav. 2010;94(4):497-502.
• Umezu, T., Sakata, A., and Ito, H. Ambulation-promoting effect of peppermint oil and identification of its active constituents. Pharmacol Biochem.Behav. 2001;69(3-4):383-390.
• Unger, M., Frank, A. Simultaneous determination of the inhibitory potency of herbal extracts on the activity of six major cytochrome P450 enzymes using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and automated online extraction. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2004;18:2273-81.
• Unhapipatpong, C., Polruang, N., Shantavasinkul, P.C., Julanon, N., Numthavaj, P., Thakkinstian, A. The effect of curcumin supplementation on weight loss and anthropometric indices: an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2023;117(5):1005-1016.
• Usharani, P., Mateen, A. A., Naidu, M. U., Raju, Y. S., and Chandra, N. Effect of NCB-02, atorvastatin and placebo on endothelial function, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, 8-week study. Drugs R.D. 2008;9(4):243-250.
• Uthaipaisanwong, A., Oranratanaphan, S., Musigavong, N. Effects of ginger adjunct to the standard prophylaxis on reducing carboplatin and paclitaxel-induced nausea vomiting: a randomized controlled study. Support Care Cancer. 2019.
• Vahdat Shariatpanahi, Z., Mokhtari, M., Taleban, F. A., Alavi, F., Salehi Surmaghi, M. H., Mehrabi, Y., Shahbazi, S. Effect of enteral feeding with ginger extract in acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Crit Care 2013;28(2):217.e1-6.
• Vailati, A., Aristia, L., Sozze, E., and et al. Randomized open study of the dose-effect relationship of a short course of IdB 1016 in patients with viral or alcoholic hepatitis. Fitoterapia 1993;64(3):219-228.
• Valentine, S. P., Le Nedelec, M. J., Menzies, A. R., Scandlyn, M. J., Goodin, M. G., and Rosengren, R. J. Curcumin modulates drug metabolizing enzymes in the female Swiss Webster mouse. Life Sci. 4-11-2006;78(20):2391-2398.
• Valenzuela, A., Lagos, C., Schmidt, K., and Videla, L. A. Silymarin protection against hepatic lipid peroxidation induced by acute ethanol intoxication in the rat. Biochem.Pharmacol 6-15-1985;34(12):2209-2212.
• Van Dau, N., Ngoc Ham, N., Huy Khac, D., and et al. The effects of a traditional drug, tumeric (Curcuma longa), and placebo on the healing of duodenal ulcer. Phytomed 1998;5(1):29-34.
• van Erp, N. P., Baker, S. D., Zhao, M., et al. Effect of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) on the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:7800-6.
• van Tilburg, M. A., Palsson, O. S., Ringel, Y., Whitehead, W, E. Is ginger effective for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome? A double blind randomized controlled pilot trial. Complement Ther Med 2014;22(1):17-20.
• van Vuuren, S. F., Suliman, S., and Viljoen, A. M. The antimicrobial activity of four commercial essential oils in combination with conventional antimicrobials. Lett.Appl.Microbiol. 2009;48(4):440-446.
• Vareed, S. K., Kakarala, M., Ruffin, M. T., Crowell, J. A., Normolle, D. P., Djuric, Z., and Brenner, D. E. Pharmacokinetics of curcumin conjugate metabolites in healthy human subjects. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. 2008;17(6):1411-1417.
• Varghese, K., Molnar, P., Das, M., Bhargava, N., Lambert, S., Kindy, M. S., and Hickman, J. J. A new target for amyloid beta toxicity validated by standard and high-throughput electrophysiology. PLoS.One. 2010;5(1):e8643.
• Varma, K., Amalraj, A., Divya, C., Gopi, S. The efficacy of the novel bioavailable curcumin (Cureit) in the management of sarcopenia in healthy elderly subjects: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical study. J Med Food 2021;24(1):40-9.
• Varney, E. and Buckle, J. Effect of inhaled essential oils on mental exhaustion and moderate burnout: a small pilot study. J Altern.Complement Med. 2013;19(1):69-71.
• Vasudevan, K., Vembar, S., Veeraraghavan, K., and Haranath, P. S. Influence of intragastric perfusion of aqueous spice extracts on acid secretion in anesthetized albino rats. Indian J.Gastroenterol. 2000;19(2):53-56.
• Veldhuyzen van Zanten, S. J., Talley, N. J., Bytzer, P., Klein, K. B., Whorwell, P. J., and Zinsmeister, A. R. Design of treatment trials for functional gastrointestinal disorders. Gut 1999;45 Suppl 2:II69-II77.
• Velussi, M., Cernigoi, A. M., De Monte, A, et al. Long-term (12 months) treatment with an anti-oxidant drug (silymarin) is effective on hyperinsulinemia, exogenous insulin need and malondialdehyde levels in cirrhotic diabetic patients. J Hepatol 1997;26:871-9.
• Velussi, M., Cernigoi, A. M., Viezzoli, L., and et al. Silymarin reduces hyperinsulinemia, malondialdehyde levels, and daily insulin need in cirrhotic diabetic patients. Curr Ther Res 1993;53(5):533-545.
• Venkataramanan, R., Ramachandran, V,, Komoroski, B. J., et al. Milk thistle, a herbal supplement, decreases the activity of CYP3A4 and uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase in human hepatocyte cultures. Drug Metab Dispos 2000;28:1270-3.
• Verma, S., Salamone, E., and Goldin, B. Curcumin and genistein, plant natural products, show synergistic inhibitory effects on the growth of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells induced by estrogenic pesticides. Biochem.Biophys.Res Commun. 4-28-1997;233(3):692-696.
• Verma, S. K., Singh, J., Khamesra, R., and Bordia, A. Effect of ginger on platelet aggregation in man. Indian J Med.Res 1993;98:240-242.
• Vermaat, H., van Meurs, T., Rustemeyer, T., Bruynzeel, D. P., and Kirtschig, G. Vulval allergic contact dermatitis due to peppermint oil in herbal tea. Contact Dermatitis 2008;58(6):364-365.
• Vidal, F., Vidal, J. C., Gadelha, A. P., Lopes, C. S., Coelho, M. G., and Monteiro-Leal, L. H. Giardia lamblia: the effects of extracts and fractions from Mentha x piperita Lin. (Lamiaceae) on trophozoites. Exp Parasitol. 2007;115(1):25-31.
• Vidimce, J., Pennell, E. N., Foo, M., et al. Effect of silymarin treatment on circulating bilirubin and cardiovascular disease risk factors in healthy men: a single-blind, randomized crossover trial. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2021.
• Vidlar, A., Vostalova, J., Ulrichova, J., Student, V., Krajicek, M., Vrbkova, J., and Simanek, V. The safety and efficacy of a silymarin and selenium combination in men after radical prostatectomy – a six month placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial. Biomed.Pap.Med.Fac.Univ Palacky.Olomouc.Czech.Repub. 2010;154(3):239-244.
• Viljoen, E., Visser, J., Koen, N., Musekiwa, A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancy-associated nausea and vomiting. Nutr J 2014;13:20.
• Visalyaputra, S., Petchpaisit, N., Somcharoen, K., Choavaratana, R. The efficacy of ginger root in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after outpatient gynaecological laparoscopy. Anaesthesia 1998;53:506-10.
• Vitaglione, P., Barone, Lumaga R., Ferracane, R., Radetsky, I., Mennella, I., Schettino, R., Koder, S., Shimoni, E., and Fogliano, V. Curcumin bioavailability from enriched bread: the effect of microencapsulated ingredients. J Agric.Food Chem 4-4-2012;60(13):3357-3366.
• Vizzutti, F., Provenzano, A., Galastri, S., Milani, S., Delogu, W., Novo, E., Caligiuri, A., Zamara, E., Arena, U., Laffi, G., Parola, M., Pinzani, M., and Marra, F. Curcumin limits the fibrogenic evolution of experimental steatohepatitis. Lab Invest 2010;90(1):104-115.
• Voroneanu, L., Nistor, I., Dumea, R., Apetrii, M., Covic, A. Silymarin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Diabetes Res. 2016;2016:5147468.
• Vostalova, J., Vidlar, A., Ulrichova, J., et al. Use of selenium-silymarin mix reduces lower urinary tract symptoms and prostate specific antigen in men. Phytomedicine 2013;21:75-81.
• Voznesens’ka, T. I., Bryzhina, T. M., Sukhina, V. S., Makohon, N. V., and Aleksieieva, I. M. [Effect of NF-kappaB activation inhibitor curcumin on the oogenesis and follicular cell death in immune ovarian failure in mice]. Fiziol.Zh. 2010;56(4):96-101.
• Vutyavanich, T., Kraisarin, T., Ruangsri, R. Ginger for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2001;97:577-82.
• Wacher, V. J., Wong, S., Wong, H. T.. Peppermint oil enhances cyclosporine oral bioavailability in rats: comparison with D-alpha-tocopheryl poly(ethylene glycol 1000) succinate (TPGS) and ketoconazole. J Pharm Sci 2002;91:77-90.
• Waghmare, P. F., Chaudhari, A. U., Karhadkar, V. M., and Jamkhande, A. S. Comparative evaluation of turmeric and chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash in prevention of plaque formation and gingivitis: a clinical and microbiological study. J Contemp.Dent Pract. 2011;12(4):221-224.
• Wagoner, J., Morishima, C., Graf, T. N., Oberlies, N. H., Teissier, E., Pecheur, E. I., Tavis, J. E., and Polyak, S. J. Differential in vitro effects of intravenous versus oral formulations of silibinin on the HCV life cycle and inflammation. PLoS.One. 2011;6(1):e16464.
• Wah Kheong, C., Nik Mustapha, N. R., Mahadeva, S. A randomized trial of silymarin for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;15(12):1940-1949.
• Wallace, S., Vaughn, K., Stewart, B. W., Viswanathan, T., Clausen, E., Nagarajan, S., and Carrier, D. J. Milk thistle extracts inhibit the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and subsequent scavenger receptor-dependent monocyte adhesion. J Agric Food Chem 6-11-2008;56(11):3966-3972.
• Wan, X. H., Li, Y. W., and Luo, X. P. [Curcumin attenuated the lipid peroxidation and apoptotic liver injury in copper-overloaded rats]. Zhonghua Er.Ke.Za Zhi. 2007;45(8):604-608.
• Wang, Z., Singh, A., Jones, G., et al. Efficacy and safety of turmeric extracts for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021 Jan 28;23(2):11. doi: 10.1007/s11926-020-00975-8.
• Wang, Z., Zhang, Q., Huang, H., Liu, Z. The efficacy and acceptability of curcumin for the treatment of depression or depressive symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2021;282:242-51.
• Wang, B. M., Zhai, C. Y., Fang, W. L., Chen, X., Jiang, K., and Wang, Y. M. [The inhibitory effect of curcumin on the proliferation of HT-29 colonic cancer cell induced by deoxycholic acid]. Zhonghua Nei Ke.Za Zhi. 2009;48(9):760-763.
• Wang, L. Y., Zhang, M., Zhang, C. F., and Wang, Z. T. Alkaloid and sesquiterpenes from the root tuber of Curcuma longa. Yao Xue.Xue.Bao. 2008;43(7):724-727.
• Wang, Y., Lu, Z., Wu, H., and Lv, F. Study on the antibiotic activity of microcapsule curcumin against foodborne pathogens. Int.J Food Microbiol. 11-30-2009;136(1):71-74.
• Wattanakrai, P., Nimmannitya, .K. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Split-Face Study of Topical Silymarin vs 2% Hydroquinone Cream in Melasmas. J Drugs Dermatol 2022;21(12):1304-1310.
• Weerts, Z. Z. R. M., Masclee, A. A. M., Witteman, B. J. M., et al. Efficacy and safety of peppermint oil in a randomized, double-blind trial of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2020;158(1):123-136.
• Wei, S. M., Yan, Z. Z., and Zhou, J. Curcumin attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat testis. Fertil.Steril. 2009;91(1):271-277.
• Weidner, M. S., Sigwart, K. Investigation of the teratogenic potential of a zingiber officinale extract in the rat. Reprod Toxicol 2001;15:75-80..
• Weisberg, S. P., Leibel, R., and Tortoriello, D. V. Dietary curcumin significantly improves obesity-associated inflammation and diabetes in mouse models of diabesity. Endocrinology 2008;149(7):3549-3558.
• Weizman, Z., Alkrinawi, S., Goldfarb, D., et al. Efficacy of herbal tea preparation in infantile colic. J Pediatr 1993;122(4):650-652.
• Wenzel, S., Stolte, H., and Soose, M. Effects of silibinin and antioxidants on high glucose-induced alterations of fibronectin turnover in human mesangial cell cultures. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1996;279(3):1520-1526.
• Wessler, S., Muenzner, P., Meyer, T. F., and Naumann, M. The anti-inflammatory compound curcumin inhibits Neisseria gonorrhoeae-induced NF-kappaB signaling, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and attenuates adhesion in late infection. Biol.Chem. 2005;386(5):481-490.
• Weston, C. F. Anal burning and peppermint oil. Postgrad Med J 1987;63:717.
• Weydert, J. A., Ball, T. M., and Davis, M. F. Systematic review of treatments for recurrent abdominal pain. Pediatrics 2003;111(1):e1-11.
• Weyhenmeyer, R., Mascher, H., and Birkmayer, J. Study on dose-linearity of the pharmacokinetics of silibinin diastereomers using a new stereospecific assay. Int.J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1992;30(4):134-138.
• White, D. A., Thompson, S. P., Wilson, C. G., and et al. A pharmacokinetic comparison of two delayed-release peppermint oil preparations, Colpermin and Mintec, for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Int J Pharm 1987;40:151-155.
• Wichitnithad, W., Jongaroonngamsang, N., Pummangura, S., and Rojsitthisak, P. A simple isocratic HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of curcuminoids in commercial turmeric extracts. Phytochem.Anal. 2009;20(4):314-319.
• Wigler, I., Grotto, I., Caspi, D., Yaron, M. The effects of Zintona EC (a ginger extract) on symptomatic gonarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2003;11:783-9.
• Wilkins, T., Pepitone, C., Alex, B., and Schade, R. R. Diagnosis and management of IBS in adults. Am Fam.Physician 9-1-2012;86(5):419-426.
• Wilkinson, J. M. Effect of ginger tea on the fetal development of Sprague-Dawley rats. Reprod Toxicol 2000;14:507-12..
• Wilkinson, J. M. What do we know about herbal morning sickness treatments? A literature survey. Midwifery 2000;16:224-8.
• Wongcharoen, W., Jai-Aue, S., Phrommintikul, A., Nawarawong, W., Woragidpoonpol, S., Tepsuwan, T., Sukonthasarn, A., Apaijai, N., and Chattipakorn, N. Effects of curcuminoids on frequency of acute myocardial infarction after coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol 7-1-2012;110(1):40-44.
• Wood, C. D., Manno, J. E., Wood, M. J., et al. Comparison of efficacy of ginger with various antimotion sickness drugs. Clin Res Pr Drug Regul Aff 1988;6:129-36.
• Wright, C. I., Van Buren, L., Kroner, C. I., and Koning, M. M. Herbal medicines as diuretics: a review of the scientific evidence. J Ethnopharmacol. 10-8-2007;114(1):1-31.
• Wu, J., Xu, R., Zhan, R., et al. Effective symptomatic treatment for severe and intractable pruritus associated with severe burn-induced hypertrophic scars: A prospective, multicenter, controlled trial. Burns 2016;42(5):1059-66.
• Wu, S., Xiao, D. Effect of curcumin on nasal symptoms and airflow in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016;117(6):697-702.e1.
• Wu, C. X., Wei, X. B., Ding, H., Sun, X., and Cheng, X. M. [Protective effect of effective parts of Zingiber Offecinal [sic] on vascular endothelium of the experimental hyperlipidemic rats]. Zhong.Yao Cai. 2006;29(8):810-813.
• Wu, J. C., Lai, C. S., Badmaev, V., Nagabhushanam, K., Ho, C. T., and Pan, M. H. Tetrahydrocurcumin, a major metabolite of curcumin, induced autophagic cell death through coordinative modulation of PI3K/Akt-mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Mol.Nutr Food Res 2011;55(11):1646-1654.
• Wu, K. L., Rayner, C. K., Chuah, S. K., Changchien, C. S., Lu, S. N., Chiu, Y. C., Chiu, K. W., and Lee, C. M. Effects of ginger on gastric emptying and motility in healthy humans. Eur.J Gastroenterol.Hepatol. 2008;20(5):436-440.
• Xiao, F., Gao, F., Zhou, S., Wang, L. The therapeutic effects of silymarin for patients with glucose/lipid metabolic dysfunction: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(40):e22249.
• Xu, P. H., Long, Y., Dai, F., and Liu, Z. L. The relaxant effect of curcumin on porcine coronary arterial ring segments. Vascul.Pharmacol 2007;47(1):25-30.
• Xu, Y., Ku, B. S., Yao, H. Y., Lin, Y. H., Ma, X., Zhang, Y. H., and Li, X. J. Antidepressant effects of curcumin in the forced swim test and olfactory bulbectomy models of depression in rats. Pharmacol Biochem.Behav. 2005;82(1):200-206.
• Xu, Y., Ku, B. S., Yao, H. Y., Lin, Y. H., Ma, X., Zhang, Y. H., and Li, X. J. The effects of curcumin on depressive-like behaviors in mice. Eur.J Pharmacol 7-25-2005;518(1):40-46.
• Yadegarinia, D., Gachkar, L., Rezaei, M. B., Taghizadeh, M., Astaneh, S. A., and Rasooli, I. Biochemical activities of Iranian Mentha piperita L. and Myrtus communis L. essential oils. Phytochemistry 2006;67(12):1249-1255.
• Yakoot, M. and Salem, A. Spirulina platensis versus silymarin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. A pilot randomized, comparative clinical trial. BMC.Gastroenterol. 2012;12:32.
• Yamahara, J., Rong, H. Q., Iwamoto, M., and et al. Active components of ginger exhibiting anti-serotonergic action. Phytotherapy Res 1989;3(2):70-71.
• Yamahara, J., Huang, Q. R., Li, Y. H., Xu, L., and Fujimura, H. Gastrointestinal motility enhancing effect of ginger and its active constituents. Chem.Pharm.Bull.(Tokyo) 1990;38(2):430-431.
• Yamahara, J., Mochizuki, M., Rong, H. Q., Matsuda, H., and Fujimura, H. The anti-ulcer effect in rats of ginger constituents. J Ethnopharmacol. 1988;23(2-3):299-304.
• Yamamoto, N., Nakai, Y., Sasahira, N., Hirano, K., Tsujino, T., Isayama, H., Komatsu, Y., Tada, M., Yoshida, H., Kawabe, T., Hiki, N., Kaminishi, M., Kurosaka, H., and Omata, M. Efficacy of peppermint oil as an antispasmodic during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;21(9):1394-1398.
• Yamasaki, K., Nakano, M., Kawahata, T., Mori, H., Otake, T., Ueba, N., Oishi, I., Inami, R., Yamane, M., Nakamura, M., Murata, H., and Nakanishi, T. Anti-HIV-1 activity of herbs in Labiatae. Biol.Pharm Bull 1998;21(8):829-833.
• Yamprasert, R., Chanvimalueng, W., Mukkasombut, N., Itharat, A. Ginger extract versus Loratadine in the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2020;20(1):116.
• Yan, Y. D., Kim, D. H., Sung, J. H., Yong, C. S., and Choi, H. G. Enhanced oral bioavailability of docetaxel in rats by four consecutive days of pre-treatment with curcumin. Int J Pharm 10-31-2010;399(1-2):116-120.
• Yang, Y. S., Su, Y. F., Yang, H. W., Lee, Y. H., Chou, J. I., Ueng, K. C. Lipid-lowering effects of curcumin in patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res. 2014;28(12):1770-7.
• Yang, Z., Zhuang, L., Lu, Y., Xu, Q., Chen, X. Effects and tolerance of silymarin (milk thistle) in chronic hepatitis C virus infection patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Biomed Res Int. 2014;941085. doi: 10.1155/2014/941085. Epub 2014 Aug 27.
• Yang, X., Thomas, D. P., Zhang, X., Culver, B. W., Alexander, B. M., Murdoch, W. J., Rao, M. N., Tulis, D. A., Ren, J., and Sreejayan, N. Curcumin inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell function and injury-induced neointima formation. Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol. 2006;26(1):85-90.
• Yano, Y., Satomi, M., and Oikawa, H. Antimicrobial effect of spices and herbs on Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Int.J Food Microbiol. 8-15-2006;111(1):6-11.
• Yao, J., Zhang, Q., Min, J., He, J., and Yu, Z. Novel enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) potential inhibitors of Escherichia coli from Chinese medicine monomers. Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett. 1-1-2010;20(1):56-59.
• Yao, Q. H., Wang, D. Q., Cui, C. C., Yuan, Z. Y., Chen, S. B., Yao, X. W., Wang, J. K., and Lian, J. F. Curcumin ameliorates left ventricular function in rabbits with pressure overload: inhibition of the remodeling of the left ventricular collagen network associated with suppression of myocardial tumor necrosis factor-alpha and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression. Biol.Pharm Bull. 2004;27(2):198-202.
• Yaralizadeh, M., Abedi, P., Najar, S., Namjoyan, F., Saki, A. Effect of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) vaginal cream on vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Maturitas 2016;84:75-80.
• Yeh, C. H., Chen, T. P., Wu, Y. C., Lin, Y. M., and Jing, Lin P. Inhibition of NFkappaB activation with curcumin attenuates plasma inflammatory cytokines surge and cardiomyocytic apoptosis following cardiac ischemia/reperfusion. J Surg.Res 5-1-2005;125(1):109-116.
• Yeh, C. H., Lin, Y. M., Wu, Y. C., and Lin, P. J. Inhibition of NF-kappa B activation can attenuate ischemia/reperfusion-induced contractility impairment via decreasing cardiomyocytic proinflammatory gene up-regulation and matrix metalloproteinase expression. J Cardiovasc.Pharmacol 2005;45(4):301-309.
• Yeon, K. Y., Kim, S. A., Kim, Y. H., Lee, M. K., Ahn, D. K., Kim, H. J., Kim, J. S., Jung, S. J., and Oh, S. B. Curcumin produces an antihyperalgesic effect via antagonism of TRPV1. J Dent.Res 2010;89(2):170-174.
• Yigit, D., Yigit, N., and Ozgen, U. An investigation on the anticandidal activity of some traditional medicinal plants in Turkey. Mycoses 2009;52(2):135-140.
• Yin, J., Wei, L., Wang, N., Li, X., Miao, M. Efficacy and safety of adjuvant curcumin therapy in ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Ethnopharmacol 2022;289:115041.
• Yip, Y. B., Tam, A. C. An experimental study on the effectiveness of massage with aromatic ginger and orange essential oil for moderate-to-severe knee pain among the elderly in Hong Kong. Complement Ther Med. 2008;16:131-8.
• Yiu, W. F., Kwan, P. L., Wong, C. Y., Kam, T. S., Chiu, S. M., Chan, S. W., and Chan, R. Attenuation of fatty liver and prevention of hypercholesterolemia by extract of Curcuma longa through regulating the expression of CYP7A1, LDL-receptor, HO-1, and HMG-CoA reductase. J Food Sci 2011;76(3):H80-H89.
• Yongwatana, K., Harinwan, K., Chirapongsathorn, S., et al. Curcuma longa Linn Versus Omeprazole in Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021.
• Young, H. Y., Liao, J. C., Chang, Y. S., et al. Synergistic effect of ginger and nifedipine on human platelet aggregation: a study in hypertensive patients and normal volunteers. Am J Chin Med. 2006;34:545-51.
• Yousefi, O., Ghazi-Mirsaiid, S., Azami, P., et al. Effect of a Boswellia and Ginger mixture on the memory dysfunction of the mild traumatic brain injury patients: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Bull Emerg Trauma. 2022;10(4):157-64. doi: 10.30476/BEAT.2022.97106.1400.
• Yu, J. J., Pei, L. B., Zhang, Y., Wen, Z. Y., Yang, J. L. Chronic supplementation of curcumin enhances the efficacy of antidepressants in major depressive disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2015;35(4):406-10.
• Yu, Y. M. and Lin, H. C. Curcumin prevents human aortic smooth muscle cells migration by inhibiting of MMP-9 expression. Nutr.Metab Cardiovasc.Dis. 2010;20(2):125-132.
• Yu, Y., Hu, S. K., and Yan, H. [The study of insulin resistance and leptin resistance on the model of simplicity obesity rats by curcumin]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi.Xue.Za Zhi. 2008;42(11):818-822.
• Yu, Y., Zick, S., Li, X., Zou, P., Wright, B., and Sun, D. Examination of the pharmacokinetics of active ingredients of ginger in humans. AAPS.J. 2011;13(3):417-426.
• Yu, Z. F., Kong, L. D., and Chen, Y. Antidepressant activity of aqueous extracts of Curcuma longa in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002;83(1-2):161-165.
• Yuan, F., Wu, W., Ma, L., et al. Turmeric and curcuminiods ameliorate disorders of glycometabolism among subjects with metabolic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res 2022;177:106121.
• Yuan, H. Y., Kuang, S. Y., Zheng, X., Ling, H. Y., Yang, Y. B., Yan, P. K., Li, K., and Liao, D. F. Curcumin inhibits cellular cholesterol accumulation by regulating SREBP-1/caveolin-1 signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2008;29(5):555-563.
• Yuan, K., Weng, Q., Zhang, H., Xiong, J., and Xu, G. Application of capillary zone electrophoresis in the separation and determination of the curcuminoids in urine. J Pharm Biomed.Anal. 6-1-2005;38(1):133-138.
• Yuan, K., Weng, Q., Zhang, H., Xiong, J., Yang, J., and Xu, G. [Determination of curcumin in urine by capillary electrophoresis]. Se.Pu. 2004;22(6):609-612.
• Yue, G. G., Cheng, S. W., Yu, H., Xu, Z. S., Lee, J. K., Hon, P. M., Lee, M. Y., Kennelly, E. J., Deng, G., Yeung, S. K., Cassileth, B. R., Fung, K. P., Leung, P. C., and Lau, C. B. The role of turmerones on curcumin transportation and P-glycoprotein activities in intestinal Caco-2 cells. J Med Food 2012;15(3):242-252.
• Yun, S. S., Kim, S. P., Kang, M. Y., and Nam, S. H. Inhibitory effect of curcumin on liver injury in a murine model of endotoxemic shock. Biotechnol.Lett. 2010;32(2):209-214.
• Zahid, Ashraf, M., Hussain, M. E., and Fahim, M. Antiatherosclerotic effects of dietary supplementations of garlic and turmeric: Restoration of endothelial function in rats. Life Sci. 7-8-2005;77(8):837-857.
• Zahmatkash, M., Vafaeenasab, M. R. Comparing analgesic effects of a topical herbal mixed medicine with salicylate in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Pak J Biol Sci. 2011;14:715-9.
• Zahrani, S. H., Amjady, M. A., Mojab, F., and et al. Clinical effects of foeniculum vulgare extract on systemic symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea in students of Shaheed Beheshti University in Tehran [Farsi]. SBMU Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery Quarterly (SBMU FAC NURS MIDWIFERY Q) 2005;15(49):14.
• Zegota, Z., Gozdzik, J., Glogowska-Szelag, J. Prospective, multicenter evaluation of a polyherbal supplement alongside standard-of-care treatment for mild knee osteoarthritis. Adv Orthop. 2021;2021:5589597.
• Zeller, A., Horst, K., and Rychlik, M. Study of the metabolism of estragole in humans consuming fennel tea. Chem.Res Toxicol. 2009;22(12):1929-1937.
• Zeng, L., Yang, T., Yang, K., et al. Efficacy and safety of curcumin and Curcuma longa extract in the treatment of arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial. Front Immunol 2022;13:891822.
• Zeng, Y., Qiu, F., Takahashi, K., Liang, J., Qu, G., and Yao, X. New sesquiterpenes and calebin derivatives from Curcuma longa. Chem.Pharm Bull.(Tokyo) 2007;55(6):940-943.
• Zhang, B., Jiang, G., Wang, L., et al. An analysis of silybin meglumine tablets in the treatment of drug-induced liver injury as assessed for causality with the updated Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method using a nationwide database. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023;89(4):1329-1337.
• Zhang, F., Altorki, N. K., Mestre, J. R., et al. Curcumin inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 transcription in bile acid- and phorbol ester-treated human gastrointestinal epithelial cells. Carcinogenesis 1999;20:445-51.
• Zhang, S., DiMango, E., Zhu, Y., Saroya, T. K., Emala, C. W,, Sang, S. Pharmacokinetics of Gingerols, Shogaols, and Their Metabolites in Asthma Patients. J Agric Food Chem 2022;70(31):9674-9683.
• Zhang, T., He, Q., Liu, Y., Chen, Z., Hu, H. Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin Supplement on Improvement of Insulin Resistance in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021;2021:4471944.
• Zhang, D. P., Qiu, H., Zhuang, Y., and Meng, F. Q. [The effect of curcumin on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats]. Zhonghua Jie.He.He.Hu Xi.Za Zhi. 2007;30(3):197-201.
• Zhang, G. F., Yang, Z. B., Wang, Y., Yang, W. R., Jiang, S. Z., and Gai, G. S. Effects of ginger root (Zingiber officinale) processed to different particle sizes on growth performance, antioxidant status, and serum metabolites of broiler chickens. Poult.Sci 2009;88(10):2159-2166.
• Zhang, J. Q., Mao, X. M., and Zhou, Y. P. [Effects of silybin on red blood cell sorbitol and nerve conduction velocity in diabetic patients]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 1993;13(12):725-6, 708.
• Zhang, J., Jinnai, S., Ikeda, R., Wada, M., Hayashida, S., and Nakashima, K. A simple HPLC-fluorescence method for quantitation of curcuminoids and its application to turmeric products. Anal.Sci. 2009;25(3):385-388.
• Zhang, J., Luan, Q., Liu, Y., Lee, D. Y., and Wang, Z. A comparison of the diastereoisomers, silybin A and silybin B, on the induction of apoptosis in K562 cells. Nat.Prod.Commun. 2011;6(11):1653-1656.
• Zhang, L., Fiala, M., Cashman, J., Sayre, J., Espinosa, A., Mahanian, M., Zaghi, J., Badmaev, V., Graves, M. C., Bernard, G., and Rosenthal, M. Curcuminoids enhance amyloid-beta uptake by macrophages of Alzheimer’s disease patients. J Alzheimers.Dis. 2006;10(1):1-7.
• Zhang, M., Deng, C., Zheng, J., Xia, J., and Sheng, D. Curcumin inhibits trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis in rats by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Int.Immunopharmacol. 2006;6(8):1233-1242.
• Zhang, W., Liu, D., Wo, X., Zhang, Y., Jin, M., and Ding, Z. Effects of Curcuma Longa on proliferation of cultured bovine smooth muscle cells and on expression of low density lipoprotein receptor in cells. Chin Med.J (Engl) 1999;112(4):308-311.
• Zhang, W., Tan, T. M., and Lim, L. Y. Impact of curcumin-induced changes in P-glycoprotein and CYP3A expression on the pharmacokinetics of peroral celiprolol and midazolam in rats. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007;35(1):110-115.
• Zhong, S., Fan, Y., Yan, Q., et al. The therapeutic effect of silymarin in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty disease: A meta-analysis (PRISMA) of randomized control trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(49):e9061.
• Zhou, G., Wang, J. F., Niu, J. Z., Lu, Y. S., Chen, W. T., Li, Z. H., and Lin, T. X. [Experimental study on protective effects of curcumin on exaggerated extracellular matrix accumulation of pulmonary fibrosis rats]. Zhongguo Zhong.Yao Za Zhi. 2006;31(7):570-573.
• Zhu, J., Chen, H., Song, Z., Wang, X., Sun, Z. Effects of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Components of the Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Evidence-Based Complement Alt Med 2018.
• Zhu, J. J., Zeng, X. P., Berkebile D, DU HJ, Tong Y, Qian K. Efficacy and safety of catnip (Nepeta cataria) as a novel filth fly repellent. Med Vet Entomol. 2009;23(3):209-16.
• Zhu, L. N., Mei, X., Zhang, Z. G., Xie, Y. P., Lang, F. Curcumin intervention for cognitive function in different types of people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res. 2019;33(3):524-533.
• Zhu, M., Wong, P. Y., Li, R. C. Effect of oral administration of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) on ciprofloxacin absorption and disposition in the rat. J Pharm Pharmacol 1999;51:1391-6.
• Zhu, W., Zhang, J. S., Young, C. Y. Silymarin inhibits function of the androgen receptor by reducing nuclear localization of the receptor in the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Carcinogenesis 2001;22:1399-403.
• Zhu, J., Zeng, X., Yanma, Liu, T., Qian, K., Han, Y., Xue, S., Tucker, B., Schultz, G., Coats, J., Rowley, W., and Zhang, A. Adult repellency and larvicidal activity of five plant essential oils against mosquitoes. J Am Mosq.Control Assoc 2006;22(3):515-522.
• Zi, X., Mukhtar, H., and Agarwal, R. Novel cancer chemopreventive effects of a flavonoid antioxidant silymarin: inhibition of mRNA expression of an endogenous tumor promoter TNF alpha. Biochem.Biophys.Res Commun. 10-9-1997;239(1):334-339.
• Zick, S. M., Djuric, Z., Ruffin, M. T., Litzinger, A. J., Normolle, D. P., Alrawi, S., Feng, M. R., and Brenner, D. E. Pharmacokinetics of 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol and conjugate metabolites in healthy human subjects. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. 2008;17(8):1930-1936.
• Zick, S. M., Ruffin, M. T., Lee, J., Normolle, D. P., Siden, R., Alrawi, S., and Brenner, D. E. Phase II trial of encapsulated ginger as a treatment for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Support.Care Cancer 2009;17(5):563-572.
• Zick, S. M., Turgeon, D. K., Vareed, S. K., Ruffin, M. T., Litzinger, A. J., Wright, B. D., Alrawi, S., Normolle, D. P., Djuric, Z., and Brenner, D. E. Phase II study of the effects of ginger root extract on eicosanoids in colon mucosa in people at normal risk for colorectal cancer. Cancer Prev.Res.(Phila) 2011;4(11):1929-1937.
• Zidorn, C., Johrer, K., Ganzera, M., Schubert, B., Sigmund, E. M., Mader, J., Greil, R., Ellmerer, E. P., and Stuppner, H. Polyacetylenes from the Apiaceae vegetables carrot, celery, fennel, parsley, and parsnip and their cytotoxic activities. J Agric.Food Chem. 4-6-2005;53(7):2518-2523.
• Zima, T., Kamenikova, L., Janebova, M., Buchar, E., Crkovska, J., and Tesar, V. The effect of silibinin on experimental cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. Ren Fail. 1998;20(3):471-479.
• Zou, C. G., Agar, N. S., and Jones, G. L. Oxidative insult to human red blood cells induced by free radical initiator AAPH and its inhibition by a commercial antioxidant mixture. Life Sci 5-25-2001;69(1):75-86.