Description
A classic and delicious blend of black tea and cinnamon is a perfect combination of flavours. The rich, malty flavour of black tea is perfectly complemented by the warm and spicy notes of cinnamon. This blend is perfect for enjoying any time of day, but it is especially popular on cold mornings and evenings.
Related
Clinical References
- Abernethy DR, Todd EL. Impairment of caffeine clearance by chronic use of low-dose oestrogen-containing oral contraceptives. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1985;28:425-8.
- Admani S, Hill H, Jacob SE. Cinnamon Sugar Scrub Dermatitis: “Natural” Is Not Always Best. Pediatr Dermatol. 2017;34(1):e42-e43.
- Agricultural Research Service. Dr. Duke’s Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. Available at: www.ars-grin.gov/duke/.
- Ahmad AF, Rich L, Koch H, et al. Effect of adding milk to black tea on vascular function in healthy men and women: a randomised controlled crossover trial. Food Funct. 2018;9(12):6307-6314.
- Ainehchi N, Khaki A, Farshbaf-Khalili A, Hammadeh M, Ouladsahebmadarek E. The Effectiveness of Herbal Mixture Supplements with and without Clomiphene Citrate in Comparison to Clomiphene Citrate on Serum Antioxidants and Glycemic Biomarkers in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Willing to be Pregnant: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Biomolecules. 2019;9(6):215.
- Al-Janabi AAHS, Tawfeeq EF. Interfering Effect of Black Tea Consumption on Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer by CA 19-9. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2017;48(2):148-150.
- Alemdaroglu, N. C., Dietz, U., Wolffram, S., Spahn-Langguth, H., and Langguth, P. Influence of green and black tea on folic acid pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers: potential risk of diminished folic acid bioavailability. Biopharm.Drug Dispos. 2008;29(6):335-348.
- Ali M, Afzal M. A potent inhibitor of thrombin stimulated platelet thromboxane formation from unprocessed tea. Prostaglandins Leukot Med 1987;27:9-13.
- Alqasoumi S. Anti-secretagogue and antiulcer effects of ‘cinnamon’ Cinnamomum zeylanicum in rats. J Pharmacog Phytother 2012;4:53-61.
- Alshabi AM, Alkahtani SA, Shaikh IA, Habeeb MS. Caffeine modulates pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of pioglitazone in diabetic rats: Impact on therapeutics. Saudi Med J 2021;42(2):151-160.
- Alzoman H, Alzahrani A, Alwehaiby K, Alanazi W, AlSarhan M. Efficacy of Arabic Coffee and Black Tea in Reducing Halitosis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled, Crossover Clinical Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2021;9(3):250.
- American Academy of Pediatrics. The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 2001;108:776-89.
- Anderson RA, Broadhurst CL, Polansky MM, et al. Isolation and Characterization of Polyphenol Type-A Polymers from Cinnamon with Insulin-like Biological Activity. J Agric Food Chem 2004;52:65-70.
- Aqel RA, Zoghbi GJ, Trimm JR, et al. Effect of caffeine administered intravenously on intracoronary-administered adenosine-induced coronary hemodynamics in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 2004;93:343-6.
- Araya-Quintanilla F, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H, Moyano-Gélvez V, Muñoz-Yánez MJ, Pavez L, García K. Effectiveness of black tea versus placebo in subjects with hypercholesterolemia: A PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019;13(3):2250-2258.
- Ardlie NG, Glew G, Schultz BG, Schwartz CJ. Inhibition and reversal of platelet aggregation by methyl xanthines. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1967;18:670-3.
- Arentz S, Smith CA, Abbott J, Fahey P, Cheema BS, Bensoussan A. Combined Lifestyle and Herbal Medicine in Overweight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Randomized Controlled Trial. Phytother Res. 2017 Sep;31(9):1330-1340.
- Armidin RP, Yanti GN. Effectiveness of rinsing black tea compared to green tea in decreasing Streptococcus mutans. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019;7(22):3799-3802.
- Arts, I. C., Hollman, P. C., Feskens, E. J., Bueno de Mesquita, H. B., and Kromhout, D. Catechin intake might explain the inverse relation between tea consumption and ischemic heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Am.J.Clin Nutr. 2001;74(2):227-232.
- Ascherio A, Zhang SM, Hernan MA, et al. Prospective study of caffeine intake and risk of Parkinson’s disease in men and women. Proceedings 125th Ann Mtg Am Neurological Assn. Boston, MA: 2000;Oct 15-18:42 (abstract 53).
- Asil E, Yilmaz MV, Yardimci H. Effects of black tea consumption and caffeine intake on depression risk in black tea consumers. Afr Health Sci 2021;21(2):858-865.
- Avisar R, Avisar E, Weinberger D. Effect of coffee consumption on intraocular pressure. Ann Pharmacother 2002;36:992-5.
- Azcona O, Barbanoi MJ, Torrent J, Jane F. Evaluation of the central effects of alcohol and caffeine interaction. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1995;40:393-400.
- Azimi P, Ghiasvand R Feizi A, Hariri M, Abbasi B. Effects of cinnamon, cardamom, saffron, and ginger consumption on markers of glycemic control, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammation in type 2 diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud. 2014 Fall-Winter;11(3-4):258-66.
- Azimi P, Ghiasvand R, Feizi A, et al. Effect of cinnamon, cardamom, saffron and ginger consumption on blood pressure and a marker of endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Blood Press. 2016;25(3):133-40.
- Bahorun T, Luximon-Ramma A, Neergheen-Bhujun VS, Gunness TK, Googoolye K, Auger C, Crozier A, Aruoma OI. The effect of black tea on risk factors of cardiovascular disease in a normal population. Prev Med. 2012 ;54 Suppl:S98-102.
- Banko, L. T., Haq, S. A., Rainaldi, D. A., Klem, I., Siegler, J., Fogel, J., Sacchi, T. J., and Heitner, J. F. Incidence of caffeine in serum of patients undergoing dipyridamole myocardial perfusion stress test by an intensive versus routine caffeine history screening. Am.J Cardiol. 5-15-2010;105(10):1474-1479.
- Bara AI, Barley EA. Caffeine for asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001;4:CD001112.
- Baron, J. A., Gerhardsson, de, V, and Ekbom, A. Coffee, tea, tobacco, and cancer of the large bowel. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. 1994;3(7):565-570.
- Barr, H. M. and Streissguth, A. P. Caffeine use during pregnancy and child outcome: a 7-year prospective study. Neurotoxicol.Teratol. 1991;13(4):441-448.
- Beach CA, Mays DC, Guiler RC, et al. Inhibition of elimination of caffeine by disulfiram in normal subjects and recovering alcoholics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1986;39:265-70.
- Bell DG, Jacobs I, Ellerington K. Effect of caffeine and ephedrine ingestion on anaerobic exercise performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33:1399-403.
- Benowitz NL, Osterloh J, Goldschlager N, et al. Massive catecholamine release from caffeine poisoning. JAMA 1982;248:1097-8.
- Bingham SA, Vorster H, Jerling JC, et al. H. Effect of black tea drinking on blood lipids, blood pressure and aspects of bowel habit. Br J Nutr 1997;78:41-55.
- Bischoff HA, Stahelin HB, Dick W, et al. Effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on falls: a randomized controlled trial. J Bone Miner Res 2003;18:343-51.
- Blanc, P. D., Kuschner, W. G., Katz, P. P., Smith, S., and Yelin, E. H. Use of herbal products, coffee or black tea, and over-the-counter medications as self-treatments among adults with asthma. J Allergy Clin.Immunol. 1997;100(6 Pt 1):789-791.
- Blot, W. J., Chow, W. H., and McLaughlin, J. K. Tea and cancer: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Eur.J.Cancer Prev. 1996;5(6):425-438.
- Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckmann J, eds. Herbal Medicine Expanded Commission E Monographs. Newton, MA: Integrative Medicine Communications, 2000.
- Boulenger JP, Uhde TW. Caffeine consumption and anxiety: preliminary results of a survey comparing patients with anxiety disorders and normal controls. Psychopharmacol Bull 1982;18:53-7.
- Bracken MB, Triche EW, Belanger K, et al. Association of maternal caffeine consumption with decrements in fetal growth. Am J Epidemiol 2003;157:456-66..
- Brancheau D, Patel B, Zughaib M. Do cinnamon supplements cause acute hepatitis? Am J Case Rep 2015;16:250-4.
- Briggs GB, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1998.
- Brinkley, L. J., Gregory, J., and Pak, C. Y. A further study of oxalate bioavailability in foods. J Urol. 1990;144(1):94-96.
- Broughton LJ, Rogers HJ. Decreased systemic clearance of caffeine due to cimetidine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1981;12:155-9.
- Brown NJ, Ryder D, Branch RA. A pharmacodynamic interaction between caffeine and phenylpropanolamine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991;50:363-71.
- Brown, C. A., Bolton-Smith, C., Woodward, M., and Tunstall-Pedoe, H. Coffee and tea consumption and the prevalence of coronary heart disease in men and women: results from the Scottish Heart Health Study. J.Epidemiol.Community Health 1993;47(3):171-175.
- Brunton, P. A. and Hussain, A. The erosive effect of herbal tea on dental enamel. J Dent. 2001;29(8):517-520.
- Bryans, J. A., Judd, P. A., and Ellis, P. R. The effect of consuming instant black tea on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in healthy humans. J Am Coll.Nutr 2007;26(5):471-477.
- Buscemi, S., Verga, S., Batsis, J. A., Donatelli, M., Tranchina, M. R., Belmonte, S., Mattina, A., Re, A., and Cerasola, G. Acute effects of coffee on endothelial function in healthy subjects. Eur.J Clin Nutr. 2010;64(5):483-489.
- Caan, B. J. and Goldhaber, M. K. Caffeinated beverages and low birthweight: a case-control study. Am.J.Public Health 1989;79(9):1299-1300.
- Cannon ME, Cooke CT, McCarthy JS. Caffeine-induced cardiac arrhythmia: an unrecognised danger of healthfood products. Med J Aust 2001;174:520-1.
- Cao, J., Xu, Y., Chen, J., and Klaunig, J. E. Chemopreventive effects of green and black tea on pulmonary and hepatic carcinogenesis. Fundam.Appl.Toxicol. 1996;29(2):244-250.
- Carbo M, Segura J, De la Torre R, et al. Effect of quinolones on caffeine disposition. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1989;45:234-40.
- Carrillo JA, Benitez J. Clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactions between dietary caffeine and medications. Clin Pharmacokinet 2000;39:127-53.
- Castellanos FX, Rapoport JL. Effects of caffeine on development and behavior in infancy and childhood: a review of the published literature. Food Chem Toxicol 2002;40:1235-42.
- Cerhan, J. R., Putnam, S. D., Bianchi, G. D., Parker, A. S., Lynch, C. F., and Cantor, K. P. Tea consumption and risk of cancer of the colon and rectum. Nutr.Cancer 2001;41(1-2):33-40.
- Cesana M, Broccali G, Imbimbo BP, Crema A. Effect of single doses of rufloxacin on the disposition of theophylline and caffeine after single administration. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1991:29:133-8.
- Charney DS, Heninger GR, Jatlow PI. Increased anxiogenic effects of caffeine in panic disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;42:233-43.
- Chaudhuri, L., Basu, S., Seth, P., Chaudhuri, T., Besra, S. E., Vedasiromoni, J. R., and Ganguly, D. K. Prokinetic effect of black tea on gastrointestinal motility. Life Sci 1-21-2000;66(9):847-854.
- Checkoway H, Powers K, Smith-Weller T, et al. Parkinson’s disease risks associated with cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and caffeine intake. Am J Epidemiol 2002;155:732-8.
- Chen CN, Lin CP, Huang KK, et al. Inhibition of SARS-CoV 3C-like Protease Activity by Theaflavin-3,3′-digallate (TF3). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2005;2:209-15.
- Chen Y, Kang Z, Yan J, et al. Liu wei di huang wan, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine induces CYP1A2 while suppressing CYP2A6 and N-acetyltransferase 2 acivities in man. J Ethnopharmacol 2010;132:213-8.
- Chen, Y., Xiao, C. Q., He, Y. J., Chen, B. L., Wang, G., Zhou, G., Zhang, W., Tan, Z. R., Cao, S., Wang, L. P., and Zhou, H. H. Genistein alters caffeine exposure in healthy female volunteers. Eur.J Clin.Pharmacol. 2011;67(4):347-353.
- Chien CF, Wu YT, Lee WC, et al. Herb-drug interaction of Andrographis paniculata extract and andrographolide on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2010;184:458-65.
- Chiu KM. Efficacy of calcium supplements on bone mass in postmenopausal women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1999;54:M275-80.
- Choi HK, Jung GW, Moon KH, et al. Clinical study of SS-Cream in patients with lifelong premature ejaculation. Urology 2000;55:257-61.
- Choi YT, Jung CH, Lee SR, et al. The green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate attenuates beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons. Life Sci 2001;70:603-14.
- Chou T. Wake up and smell the coffee. Caffeine, coffee, and the medical consequences. West J Med 1992;157:544-53.
- Chow, W. H., Blot, W. J., and McLaughlin, J. K. Tea drinking and cancer risk: epidemiologic evidence. Proc.Soc.Exp Biol.Med. 1999;220(4):197.
- Chow, W. H., Swanson, C. A., Lissowska, J., Groves, F. D., Sobin, L. H., Nasierowska-Guttmejer, A., Radziszewski, J., Regula, J., Hsing, A. W., Jagannatha, S., Zatonski, W., and Blot, W. J. Risk of stomach cancer in relation to consumption of cigarettes, alcohol, tea and coffee in Warsaw, Poland. Int.J.Cancer 6-11-1999;81(6):871-876.
- Chroscinska-Krawczyk, M., Jargiello-Baszak, M., Walek, M., Tylus, B., and Czuczwar, S. J. Caffeine and the anticonvulsant potency of antiepileptic drugs: experimental and clinical data. Pharmacol.Rep. 2011;63(1):12-18.
- Chularisi MU, Picha P, Rienkijkan M, Preechanukool K. The cytotoxic effect of petroleum ether and chloroform extracts from Ceylon cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum nees) barks on tumor cells in vitro. Int J Crude Drug Res 1984;22:177-80.
- Chung M, Zhao N, Wang D, et al. Dose-response relation between tea consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies. Adv Nutr. 2020;11(4):790-814.
- Ciraj, A. M., Sulaim, J., Mamatha, B., Gopalkrishna, B. K., and Shivananda, P. G. Antibacterial activity of black tea (Camelia sinensis) extract against Salmonella serotypes causing enteric fever. Indian J Med.Sci 2001;55(7):376-381.
- Clausen, T. Hormonal and pharmacological modification of plasma potassium homeostasis. Fundam.Clin Pharmacol 2010;24(5):595-605.
- Clausson, B., Granath, F., Ekbom, A., Lundgren, S., Nordmark, A., Signorello, L. B., and Cnattingius, S. Effect of caffeine exposure during pregnancy on birth weight and gestational age. Am.J.Epidemiol. 3-1-2002;155(5):429-436.
- Clifford, M. N., Copeland, E. L., Bloxsidge, J. P., and Mitchell, L. A. Hippuric acid as a major excretion product associated with black tea consumption. Xenobiotica 2000;30(3):317-326.
- Cnattingius, S., Signorello, L. B., Anneren, G., Clausson, B., Ekbom, A., Ljunger, E., Blot, W. J., McLaughlin, J. K., Petersson, G., Rane, A., and Granath, F. Caffeine intake and the risk of first-trimester spontaneous abortion. N.Engl.J.Med. 12-21-2000;343(25):1839-1845.
- Concalves JL, Lopes RC, Oliveira DB, et al. In vitro anti-rotavirus activity of some medicinal plants used in Brazil against diarrhea. J Ethnopharmacol 2005;99(3):403-7.
- Conrad, K. A., Blanchard, J., and Trang, J. M. Cardiovascular effects of caffeine in elderly men. J Am.Geriatr.Soc. 1982;30(4):267-272.
- Cook, D. G., Peacock, J. L., Feyerabend, C., Carey, I. M., Jarvis, M. J., Anderson, H. R., and Bland, J. M. Relation of caffeine intake and blood caffeine concentrations during pregnancy to fetal growth: prospective population based study. BMJ 11-30-1996;313(7069):1358-1362.
- Correa A, Stolley A, Liu Y. Prenatal tea consumption and risks of anencephaly and spina bifida. Ann Epidemiol 2000;10:476-7.
- Corren, J., Lemay, M., Lin, Y., Rozga, L., and Randolph, R. K. Clinical and biochemical effects of a combination botanical product (ClearGuard) for allergy: a pilot randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Nutr.J 2008;7:20.
- Cozma-Petrut A, Loghin F, Miere D, Dumitrascu DL.Diet in irritable bowel syndrome: What to recommend, not what to forbid to patients! World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23(21):3771-3783.
- Cronin JR. Green tea extract stokes thermogenesis: will it replace ephedra? Altern Comp Ther 2000;6:296-300.
- Curhan GC, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Stamfer MJ. Beverage use and risk of kidney stones in women. Ann Intern Med 1998;128:534-40.
- Dagan, Y. and Doljansky, J. T. Cognitive performance during sustained wakefulness: A low dose of caffeine is equally effective as modafinil in alleviating the nocturnal decline. Chronobiol.Int. 2006;23(5):973-983.
- Daniel, W. A., Syrek, M., Rylko, Z., and Kot, M. Effects of phenothiazine neuroleptics on the rate of caffeine demethylation and hydroxylation in the rat liver. Pol.J Pharmacol 2001;53(6):615-621.
- Davies, M. J., Judd, J. T., Baer, D. J., Clevidence, B. A., Paul, D. R., Edwards, A. J., Wiseman, S. A., Muesing, R. A., and Chen, S. C. Black tea consumption reduces total and LDL cholesterol in mildly hypercholesterolemic adults. J.Nutr. 2003;133(10):3298S-3302S.
- de Alarcon PA, Donovan ME, Forbes GB, et al. Iron absorption in the thalassemia syndromes and its inhibition by tea. N Engl J Med 1979;300:5-8.
- de Araújo MRC, Maciel PP, Castellano LRC, et al. Efficacy of essential oil of cinnamon for the treatment of oral candidiasis: A randomized trial. Spec Care Dentist 2021;41(3):349-357.
- De Bruin EA, Rowson MJ, Van Buren L, Rycroft JA, Owen GN. Black tea improves attention and self-reported alertness. Appetite. 2011 ;56(2):235-40.
- de Maat MP, Pijl H, Kluft C, Princen HM. Consumption of black and green tea had no effect on inflammation, haemostasis and endothelial markers in smoking healthy individuals. Eur J Clin Nutr 2000;54:757-63.
- De Silva DAM, Jeewanthi RKC, Rajapaksha RHN, et al. Clean vs dirty labels: Transparency and authenticity of the labels of Ceylon cinnamon. PLoS One 2021;16(11):e0260474.
- de Vries, J. H., Hollman, P. C., Meyboom, S., Buysman, M. N., Zock, P. L., van Staveren, W. A., and Katan, M. B. Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of the antioxidant flavonols quercetin and kaempferol as biomarkers for dietary intake. Am.J Clin Nutr. 1998;68(1):60-65.
- Dews PB, Curtis GL, Hanford KJ, O’Brien CP. The frequency of caffeine withdrawal in a population-based survey and in a controlled, blinded pilot experiment. J Clin Pharmacol 1999;39:1221-32.
- Dews PB, O’Brien CP, Bergman J. Caffeine: behavioral effects of withdrawal and related issues. Food Chem Toxicol 2002;40:1257-61.
- Dhawan, A., Anderson, D., de Pascual-Teresa, S., Santos-Buelga, C., Clifford, M. N., and Ioannides, C. Evaluation of the antigenotoxic potential of monomeric and dimeric flavanols, and black tea polyphenols against heterocyclic amine-induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes using the Comet assay. Mutat.Res. 3-25-2002;515(1-2):39-56.
- Dlugosz, L., Belanger, K., Hellenbrand, K., Holford, T. R., Leaderer, B., and Bracken, M. B. Maternal caffeine consumption and spontaneous abortion: a prospective cohort study. Epidemiology 1996;7(3):250-255.
- Dobmeyer, D. J., Stine, R. A., Leier, C. V., Greenberg, R., and Schaal, S. F. The arrhythmogenic effects of caffeine in human beings. N.Engl.J.Med. 4-7-1983;308(14):814-816.
- Doustfatemeh S, Imanieh MH, Mohagheghzade A, et al. The Effect of Black Tea (Camellia sinensis (L) Kuntze) on Pediatrics With Acute Nonbacterial Diarrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017;22(1):114-119.
- Dreher HM. The effect of caffeine reduction on sleep quality and well-being in persons with HIV. J Psychosom Res 2003;54:191-8.
- Duffy SJ, Vita JA, Holbrook M, et al. Effect of acute and chronic tea consumption on platelet aggregation in patients with coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001;21:1084-9.
- Durlach PJ. The effects of a low dose of caffeine on cognitive performance. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1998;140:116-9.
- Durrant KL. Known and hidden sources of caffeine in drug, food, and natural products. J Am Pharm Assoc 2002;42:625-37.
- Eidi A, Mortazavi P, Bazargam M, Zaringhalam J. Hepatoprotective activity of cinnamon ethanolic extract against CCL 4-induced liver injury in rats. EXCLI J 2012;11:495-507.
- El Az NMTA, Khalil FAM, Shaapan RM. Therapeutic effect of onion (allium cepa) and cinnamon (cinnamomum zeylanicum) oils on cryptosporidiosis in experimentally infected mice. Global Vet 2011;7:179-83.
- Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 — Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
- Ernest, D., Chia, M., and Corallo, C. E. Profound hypokalaemia due to Nurofen Plus and Red Bull misuse. Crit Care Resusc. 2010;12(2):109-110.
- Esimone CO, Adikwu MU, Nwafor SV, Okolo CO. Potential use of tea extract as a complementary mouthwash: comparative evaluation of two commercial samples. J Altern Complement Med 2001;7:523-7.
- Eskenazi B. Caffeine—filtering the facts. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1688-9.
- Farahpour MR, Habibi M. Evaluation of the wound healing activity of an ethanolic extract of Ceylon cinnamon in mice. Vet Med 2012;57:53-7.
- FDA. Proposed rule: dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids. Available at: www.verity.fda.gov (Accessed 25 January 2000).
- Felter SP, Vassallo JD, Carlton BD, Daston GP. A safety assessment of coumarin taking into account species-specificity of toxicokinetics. Food Chem Toxicol 2006;44:462-75.
- Fenster, L., Eskenazi, B., Windham, G. C., and Swan, S. H. Caffeine consumption during pregnancy and fetal growth. Am.J.Public Health 1991;81(4):458-461.
- Fenster, L., Eskenazi, B., Windham, G. C., and Swan, S. H. Caffeine consumption during pregnancy and spontaneous abortion. Epidemiology 1991;2(3):168-174.
- Fernandes O, Sabharwal M, Smiley T, et al. Moderate to heavy caffeine consumption during pregnancy and relationship to spontaneous abortion and abnormal fetal growth: a meta-analysis. Reprod Toxicol 1998;12:435-44.
- Ferrini RL, Barrett-Connor E. Caffeine intake and endogenous sex steroid levels in postmenopausal women. The Rancho Bernardo Study. Am J Epidemiol 1996:144:642-4.
- Filimonova AA, Ziganshina LE, Ziganshin AU, Chichirov AA. On the possibility of patient phenotyping on the basis of cytochrome p-450 1A2 isoenzyme activity using caffeine as the test substrate. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2009;72:61-5.
- Forrest WH Jr, Bellville JW, Brown BW Jr. The interaction of caffeine with pentobarbital as a nighttime hypnotic. Anesthesiology 1972;36:37-41.
- Fortier I, Marcoux S, Beaulac-Baillargeon L. Relation of caffeine intake during pregnancy to intrauterine growth retardation and preterm birth. Am J Epidemiol 1993;137:931-40.
- Foster S, Duke JA. Eastern/Central Medicinal Plants. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1990.
- Fukuda I, Sakane I, Yabushita Y, et al. Black tea theaflavins suppress dioxin-induced transformation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2005;69:883-90.
- Gardner, E. J., Ruxton, C. H., and Leeds, A. R. Black tea–helpful or harmful? A review of the evidence. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007;61(1):3-18.
- Gasior, M., Borowicz, K., Buszewicz, G., Kleinrok, Z., and Czuczwar, S. J. Anticonvulsant activity of phenobarbital and valproate against maximal electroshock in mice during chronic treatment with caffeine and caffeine discontinuation. Epilepsia 1996;37(3):262-268.
- Gasior, M., Swiader, M., Przybylko, M., Borowicz, K., Turski, W. A., Kleinrok, Z., and Czuczwar, S. J. Felbamate demonstrates low propensity for interaction with methylxanthines and Ca2+ channel modulators against experimental seizures in mice. Eur.J Pharmacol 7-10-1998;352(2-3):207-214.
- Geleijnse JM, Launer LJ, Hofman A, et al. Tea flavonoids may protect against atherosclerosis: the Rotterdam Study. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:2170-4.
- Geleijnse JM, Launer LJ, van der Kuip DA, et al. Inverse association of tea and flavonoid intakes with incident myocardial infarction: the Rotterdam Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:880-6.
- Geleijnse JM, Witteman JC, Launer LJ, et al. Tea and coronary heart disease: protection through estrogen-like activity? Arch Intern Med 2000;160:3328-9.
- Gobbi, M., Moia, M., Funicello, M., Riva, A., Morazzoni, P., and Mennini, T. In vitro effects of the dicyclohexylammonium salt of hyperforin on interleukin-6 release in different experimental models. Planta Med 2004;70(7):680-682.
- Goh BC, Reddy NJ, Dandamudi UB, et al. An evaluation of the drug interaction potential of pazopanib, an oral vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, using a modified Cooperstown 5+1 cocktail in patients with advanced solid tumors. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010;88:652-9.
- Goldbohm, R. A., Hertog, M. G., Brants, H. A., van Poppel, G., and Van den Brandt, P. A. Consumption of black tea and cancer risk: a prospective cohort study. J.Natl.Cancer Inst. 1-17-1996;88(2):93-100.
- Gorski, J. C., Huang, S. M., Pinto, A., Hamman, M. A., Hilligoss, J. K., Zaheer, N. A., Desai, M., Miller, M., and Hall, S. D. The effect of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea root) on cytochrome P450 activity in vivo. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004;75(1):89-100.
- Gramenzi, A., Gentile, A., Fasoli, M., Negri, E., Parazzini, F., and La, Vecchia C. Association between certain foods and risk of acute myocardial infarction in women. BMJ 3-24-1990;300(6727):771-773.
- Grandjean AC, Reimers KJ, Bannick KE, Haven MC. The effect of caffeinated, non-caffeinated, caloric and non-caloric beverages on hydration. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:591-600..
- Green, M. S. and Harari, G. Association of serum lipoproteins and health-related habits with coffee and tea consumption in free-living subjects examined in the Israeli CORDIS Study. Prev.Med. 1992;21(4):532-545.
- Greenblatt DJ, von Moltke LL, Perloff ES, et al. Interaction of flurbiprofen with cranberry juice, grape juice, tea, and fluconazole: in vitro and clinical studies. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2006;79:125-33.
- Greyling A, Ras RT, Zock PL, Lorenz M, Hopman MT, Thijssen DH, Draijer R. The effect of black tea on blood pressure: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One. 2014 31;9(7):e103247.
- Gupta S, Saha B, Giri AK. Comparative antimutagenic and anticlastogenic effects of green tea and black tea: a review. Mutat Res 2002;512:37-65.
- Guzelcan, Y., Scholte, W. F., Assies, J., and Becker, H. E. [Mania during the use of a combination preparation with St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum)]. Ned.Tijdschr.Geneeskd. 10-6-2001;145(40):1943-1945.
- Hagg S, Spigset O, Mjorndal T, Dahlqvist R. Effect of caffeine on clozapine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2000;49:59-63.
- Hajimonfarednejad M, Nimrouzi M, Heydari M, Zarshenas MM, Raee MJ, Jahromi BN. Insulin resistance improvement by cinnamon powder in polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2018;32(2):276-83.
- Hakim, I. A., Alsaif, M. A., Alduwaihy, M., Al-Rubeaan, K., Al-Nuaim, A. R., and Al-Attas, O. S. Tea consumption and the prevalence of coronary heart disease in Saudi adults: results from a Saudi national study. Prev.Med 2003;36(1):64-70.
- Halder, A., Raychowdhury, R., Ghosh, A., and De, M. Black tea (Camellia sinensis) as a chemopreventive agent in oral precancerous lesions. J.Environ.Pathol.Toxicol.Oncol. 2005;24(2):141-144.
- Haller CA, Benowitz NL, Jacob P 3rd. Hemodynamic effects of ephedra-free weight-loss supplements in humans. Am J Med 2005;118:998-1003.
- Haller CA, Benowitz NL. Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1833-8.
- Harder S, Fuhr U, Staib AH, Wolff T. Ciprofloxacin-caffeine: a drug interaction established using in vivo and in vitro investigations. Am J Med 1989;87:89S-91S.
- Harder S, Staib AH, Beer C, et al. 4-quinolones inhibit biotransformation of caffeine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1988;35:651-6.
- Harrer, G., Hubner, W. D., and Podzuweit, H. Effectiveness and tolerance of the hypericum extract LI 160 compared to maprotiline: a multicenter double-blind study. J.Geriatr.Psychiatry Neurol. 1994;7 Suppl 1:S24-S28.
- Hartley L, Flowers N, Holmes J, Clarke A, Stranges S, Hooper L, Rees K. Green and black tea for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jun 18;6:CD009934.
- Hartman TJ, Tangrea JA, Pietinen P, et al. Tea and coffee consumption and risk of colon and rectal cancer in middle-aged Finnish men. Nutr Cancer 1998;31:41-8.
- Hartter, S., Nordmark, A., Rose, D. M., Bertilsson, L., Tybring, G., and Laine, K. Effects of caffeine intake on the pharmacokinetics of melatonin, a probe drug for CYP1A2 activity. Br.J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2003;56(6):679-682.
- Hassan SA, Barthwal R, Nair MS, Haque SS. Aqueous bark extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum: a potential therapeutic agent for steptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) rats. Top J Pharm Res 2012;11:429-35.
- Hattori, M., Kusumoto, I. T., Namba, T., Ishigami, T., and Hara, Y. Effect of tea polyphenols on glucan synthesis by glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus mutans. Chem.Pharm Bull.(Tokyo) 1990;38(3):717-720.
- Hawrelak, J. A. and Myers, S. P. Effects of two natural medicine formulations on irritable bowel syndrome symptoms: a pilot study. J Altern Complement Med 2010;16(10):1065-1071.
- Healy DP, Polk RE, Kanawati L, et al. Interaction between oral ciprofloxacin and caffeine in normal volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:474-8.
- Hegarty VM, May HM, Khaw K. Tea drinking and bone mineral density in older women. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1003-7.
- Heilbrun, L. K., Nomura, A., and Stemmermann, G. N. Black tea consumption and cancer risk: a prospective study. Br.J.Cancer 1986;54(4):677-683.
- Henning, S. M., Aronson, W., Niu, Y., Conde, F., Lee, N. H., Seeram, N. P., Lee, R. P., Lu, J., Harris, D. M., Moro, A., Hong, J., Pak-Shan, L., Barnard, R. J., Ziaee, H. G., Csathy, G., Go, V. L., Wang, H., and Heber, D. Tea polyphenols and theaflavins are present in prostate tissue of humans and mice after green and black tea consumption. J Nutr 2006;136(7):1839-1843.
- Hertog MG, Feskens EJ, Hollman PC, et al. Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Lancet 1993;342:1007-1011.
- Hertog MGL, Sweetnam PM, Fehily AM, et al. Antioxidant flavonols and ischemic heart disease in a Welsh population of men: the Caerphilly Study. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65:1489-94.
- Hertog, M. G. L., Hollman, P. C. H., and van de Putte, B. Content of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids of tea infusions, wines, and fruit juices. J Agric Food Chem 1993;41(8):1242-1246.
- Heseltine D, Dakkak M, woodhouse K, et al. The effect of caffeine on postprandial hypotension in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991;39:160-4.
- Heshmati J, Sepidarkish M, Morvaridzadeh M, et al. The effect of cinnamon supplementation on glycemic control in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Food Biochem 2020 Oct 27:e13543. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.13543.
- Hibasami, H., Komiya, T., Achiwa, Y., Ohnishi, K., Kojima, T., Nakanishi, K., Sugimoto, Y., Hasegawa, M., Akatsuka, R., and Hara, Y. Black tea theaflavins induce programmed cell death in cultured human stomach cancer cells. Int J Mol.Med 1998;1(4):725-727.
- Hicks, S. M., Walker, A. F., Gallagher, J., Middleton, R. W., and Wright, J. The significance of “nonsignificance” in randomized controlled studies: a discussion inspired by a double-blinded study on St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) for premenstrual symptoms. J.Altern.Complement Med. 2004;10(6):925-932.
- Hindmarch I, Quinlan PT, Moore KL, Parkin C. The effects of black tea and other beverages on aspects of cognition and psychomotor performance. Psychopharmacol 1998;139:230-8.
- Hodgson, J. M., Croft, K. D., Mori, T. A., et al. Regular ingestion of tea does not inhibit in vivo lipid peroxidation in humans. J Nutr 2002;132:55-8.
- Hodgson, J. M., Puddey, I. B., Burke, V., et al. Effects on blood pressure of drinking green and black tea. J Hypertens 1999;17:457-63.
- Hodgson, J. M., Puddey, I. B., Burke, V., et al. Regular ingestion of black tea improves brachial artery vasodilator function. Clin.Sci (Lond) 2002;102:195-201.
- Hodgson, J. M., Puddey, I. B., Croft, K. D., et al. Acute effects of ingestion of black and green tea on lipoprotein oxidation. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1103-7.
- Hodgson, J. M., Puddey, I. B., Woodman, R. J., et al. Effects of black tea on blood pressure: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(2):186-8.
- Hodgson, J. M., Morton, L. W., Puddey, I. B., Beilin, L. J., and Croft, K. D. Gallic acid metabolites are markers of black tea intake in humans. J Agric.Food Chem. 2000;48(6):2276-2280.
- Hodgson, J. M., Puddey, I. B., Burke, V., Beilin, L. J., Mori, T. A., and Chan, S. Y. Acute effects of ingestion of black tea on postprandial platelet aggregation in human subjects. Br.J Nutr. 2002;87(2):141-145.
- Hodgson, J. M., Puddey, I. B., Mori, T. A., Burke, V., Baker, R. I., and Beilin, L. J. Effects of regular ingestion of black tea on haemostasis and cell adhesion molecules in humans. Eur.J Clin.Nutr. 2001;55(10):881-886.
- Holmgren P, Norden-Pettersson L, Ahlner J. Caffeine fatalities–four case reports. Forensic Sci Int 2004;139:71-3.
- Hong, J., Smith, T. J., Ho, C. T., August, D. A., and Yang, C. S. Effects of purified green and black tea polyphenols on cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-dependent metabolism of arachidonic acid in human colon mucosa and colon tumor tissues. Biochem.Pharmacol. 11-1-2001;62(9):1175-1183.
- Horner NK, Lampe JW. Potential mechanisms of diet therapy for fibrocystic breast conditions show inadequate evidence of effectiveness. J Am Diet Assoc 2000;100:1368-80.
- Howell LL, Coffin VL, Spealman RD. Behavioral and physiological effects of xanthines in nonhuman primates. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1997;129:1-14.
- Infante S, Baeza ML, Calvo M, et al. Anaphylaxis due to caffeine. Allergy 2003;58:681-2.
- Inoue M, Tajima K, Hirose K, et al. Tea and coffee consumption and the risk of digestive tract cancers: data from a comparative case-referent study in Japan. Cancer Causes Control 1998;9:209-16.
- Inoue-Choi M, Ramirez Y, Cornelis MC, Berrington de González A, Freedman ND, Loftfield E. Tea consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the UK biobank: a prospective cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2022;175(9):1201-11.
- Institute of Medicine. Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance: Formulations for Military Operations. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001. Available at: https://books.nap.edu/books/0309082587/html/index.html.
- Isaac-Renton M, Li MK, Parsons LM. Cinnamon spice and everything not nice: many features of intraoral allergy to cinnamic aldehyde. Dermatitis. 2015;26(3):116-21.
- Ishikawa, T., Suzukawa, M., Ito, T., Yoshida, H., Ayaori, M., Nishiwaki, M., Yonemura, A., Hara, Y., and Nakamura, H. Effect of tea flavonoid supplementation on the susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein to oxidative modification. Am.J Clin.Nutr. 1997;66(2):261-266.
- Iso H, Date C, Wakai K, et al; JACC Study Group. The relationship between green tea and total caffeine intake and risk for self-reported type 2 diabetes among Japanese adults. Ann Intern Med 2006;144:554-62.
- Izzo, A. A. and Ernst, E. Interactions between herbal medicines and prescribed drugs: an updated systematic review. Drugs 2009;69(13):1777-1798.
- Jahangirifar M, Taebi M, Dolatian M. The effect of cinnamon on primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2018;33:56-60.
- Jain S, Sangma T, Shukla SK, Mediratta PK. Effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum extract on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in rats. Nutr Neurosci 2015;18(5):210-6.
- Jankiewicz, K., Chroscinska-Krawczyk, M., Blaszczyk, B., and Czuczwar, S. J. [Caffeine and antiepileptic drugs: experimental and clinical data]. Przegl.Lek. 2007;64(11):965-967.
- Jarvill-Taylor KJ, Anderson RA, Graves DJ. A hydroxychalcone derived from cinnamon functions as a mimetic for insulin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Am Coll Nutr 2001;20:327-36.
- Javed I, Faisal I, Rahman Z, et al. Lipid lowering effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum in hyperlipidaemic albino rabbits. Pak J Pharm Sci 2012;25(1):141-7.
- Jefferson, J. W. Lithium tremor and caffeine intake: two cases of drinking less and shaking more. J Clin Psychiatry 1988;49:72-3.
- Jenkins J, Williams D, Deng Y, et al. Eltrombopag, an oral thrombopoietin receptor agonist, has no impact on the pharmacokinetic profile of probe drugs for cytochrome P450 isoenzymes CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 in healthy men: a cocktail analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2010;66:67-76.
- Jeppesen, U., Loft, S., Poulsen, H. E., and Brsen, K. A fluvoxamine-caffeine interaction study. Pharmacogenetics 1996;6(3):213-222.
- Jia H, Xu A, Yuan J, et al. Experimental study on cytochrome P450 enzymes after receiving ferment powder caterpillar fungus. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2009;34:2079-82.
- Joeres R, Klinker H, Heusler H, et al. Influence of mexiletine on caffeine elimination. Pharmacol Ther 1987;33:163-9.
- Joeres R, Richter E. Mexiletine and caffeine elimination. N Engl J Med 1987;317:117.
- John, T. J. and Mukundan, P. Virus inhibition by tea, caffeine and tannic acid. Indian J Med.Res. 1979;69:542-545.
- Johnell O, Gullberg B, Kanis JA. Risk factors for hip fracture in European women: the MEDOS Study. Mediterranean Osteoporosis Study. J Bone Miner Res 1995;10:1802-15.
- Jonkman JH, Sollie FA, Sauter R, Steinijans VW. The influence of caffeine on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of theophylline. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991;49:248-55.
- Juliano LM, Griffiths RR. A critical review of caffeine withdrawal: empirical validation of symptoms and signs, incidence, severity, and associated features. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004;176:1-29.
- Kaegi E. Unconventional therapies for cancer: 2. Green tea. The Task Force on Alternative Therapies of the Canadian Breast Cancer Research Initiative. CMAJ 1998;158:1033-5.
- Kamath JV, Rana AC, Chowdhury AR. Pro-healing effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark. Phytother Res 2003;17(8):970-2.
- Kamimori GH, Penetar DM, Headley DB, et al. Effect of three caffeine doses on plasma catecholamines and alertness during prolonged wakefulness. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2000;56:537-44.
- Kanerva L, Estlander T, Jolanki R. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices. Contact Dermatitis 1996;35:157-62.
- Kanis J, Johnell O, Gullberg B, et al. Risk factors for hip fracture in men from southern Europe: the MEDOS study. Mediterranean Osteoporosis Study. Osteoporos Int 1999;9:45-54.
- Kapadia, G. J., Paul, B. D., Chung, E. B., Ghosh, B., and Pradhan, S. N. Carcinogenicity of Camellia sinensis (tea) and some tannin-containing folk medicinal herbs administered subcutaneously in rats. J Natl.Cancer Inst. 1976;57(1):207-209.
- Keli SO, Hertog MG, Feskens EJ, Kromhout D. Dietary flavonoids, antioxidant vitamins, and incidence of stroke: the Zutphen study. Arch Intern Med 1996;156:637-42.
- Khan A, Safdar M, Ali Khan M, et al. Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003;26:3215-8.
- Khokhar S, Magnusdottir SG. Total phenol, catechin, and caffeine contents of teas commonly consumed in the United kingdom. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50:565-70.
- Kinlen, L. J. and McPherson, K. Pancreas cancer and coffee and tea consumption: a case-control study. Br.J.Cancer 1984;49(1):93-96.
- Kinlen, L. J., Willows, A. N., Goldblatt, P., and Yudkin, J. Tea consumption and cancer. Br.J.Cancer 1988;58(3):397-401.
- Kjaerstad MB, Nielsen F, Nohr-Jensen L, et al. Systemic uptake of miconazole during vaginal suppository use and effect on CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 associated enzyme activities in women. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2010;66:1189-97.
- Klatsky, A. L., Armstrong, M. A., and Friedman, G. D. Coffee, tea, and mortality. Ann.Epidemiol. 1993;3(4):375-381.
- Klebanoff MA, Levine RJ, DerSimonian R, et al. Maternal serum paraxanthine, a caffeine metabolite, and the risk of spontaneous abortion. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1639-44.
- Kockler DR, McCarthy MW, Lawson CL. Seizure activity and unresponsiveness after hydroxycut ingestion. Pharmacotherapy 2001;21:647-51.
- Kohler, M., Pavy, A., and van den Heuvel, C. The effects of chewing versus caffeine on alertness, cognitive performance and cardiac autonomic activity during sleep deprivation. J Sleep Res. 2006;15(4):358-368.
- Kondo A, Narumi K, Okuhara K, et al. Black tea extract and theaflavin derivatives affect the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin by modulating organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 2B1 activity. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2019;40(8):302-306.
- Kot, M, Daniel, W. A. Caffeine as a marker substrate for testing cytochrome P450 activity in human and rat. Pharmacol Rep 2008;60:789-97.
- Kot, M. and Daniel, W. A. Effect of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) and ticlopidine on CYP1A2 activity and caffeine metabolism: an in vitro comparative study with human cDNA-expressed CYP1A2 and liver microsomes. Pharmacol Rep. 2009;61(6):1216-1220.
- Kulhanek F, Linde OK, Meisenberg G. Precipitation of antipsychotic drugs in interaction with coffee or tea. Lancet 1979;2:1130.
- Kundu T, Dey S, Roy M, et al. Induction of apoptosis in human leukemia cells by black tea and its polyphenol theaflavin. Cancer Lett 2005;230:111-21.
- Lake, C. R., Rosenberg, D. B., Gallant, S., et al. Phenylpropanolamine increases plasma caffeine levels. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1990;47:675-85.
- Lakenbrink, C., Lapczynski, S., Maiwald, B., and Engelhardt, U. H. Flavonoids and other polyphenols in consumer brews of tea and other caffeinated beverages. J Agric.Food Chem. 2000;48(7):2848-2852.
- Lane JD, Barkauskas CE, Surwit RS, Feinglos MN. Caffeine impairs glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:2047-8.
- Larsson SC, Wolk A. Tea consumption and ovarian cancer risk in a population-based cohort. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:2683-6.
- Lasswell WL Jr, Weber SS, Wilkins JM. In vitro interaction of neuroleptics and tricylic antidepressants with coffee, tea, and gallotannic acid. J Pharm Sci 1984;73:1056-8.
- Leenen R, Roodenburg AJ, Tijburg LB, et al. A single dose of tea with or without milk increases plasma antioxidant activity in humans. Eur J Clin Nutr 2000;54:87-92.
- Lele, S. Although leukoplakia responds to some treatments relapses and adverse effects are common. Evid.Based.Dent. 2005;6(1):15-16.
- Leson CL, McGuigan MA, Bryson SM. Caffeine overdose in an adolescent male. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1988;26:407-15.
- Leung LK, Su Y, Chen R, et al. Theaflavins in black tea and catechins in green tea are equally effective antioxidants. J Nutr 2001;131:2248-51..
- Li N, Sun Z, Han C, Chen J. The chemopreventive effects of tea on human oral precancerous mucosa lesions. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1999;220:218-24.
- Li Q, Li J, Liu S, et al. A Comparative Proteomic Analysis of the Buds and the Young Expanding Leaves of the Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis L.). Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(6):14007-38.
- Li, N., Sun, Z., Liu, Z., and Han, C. [Study on the preventive effect of tea on DNA damage of the buccal mucosa cells in oral leukoplakias induce by cigarette smoking]. Wei Sheng Yan.Jiu. 1998;27(3):173-174.
- Lin S, Xu G, Chen Z, Liu X, Li J, Ma L, Wang X. Tea drinking and the risk of esophageal cancer: focus on tea type and drinking temperature. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2020. doi: 10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000568.
- Liu S, Lu H, Zhao Q, et al. Theaflavin derivatives in black tea and catechin derivatives in green tea inhibit HIV-1 entry by targeting gp41. Biochim Biophys Acta 2005;1723:270-81.
- Liu, T. T. and Liau, J. Caffeine increases the linearity of the visual BOLD response. Neuroimage. 2-1-2010;49(3):2311-2317.
- Lloyd T, Johnson-Rollings N, Eggli DF, et al. Bone status among postmenopausal women with different habitual caffeine intakes: a longitudinal investigation. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:256-61.
- Lodi, G., Sardella, A., Bez, C., Demarosi, F., and Carrassi, A. Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2001;(4):CD001829.
- Lodi, G., Sardella, A., Bez, C., Demarosi, F., and Carrassi, A. Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2004;(3):CD001829.
- Lodi, G., Sardella, A., Bez, C., Demarosi, F., and Carrassi, A. Systematic review of randomized trials for the treatment of oral leukoplakia. J Dent.Educ. 2002;66(8):896-902.
- Loktionov, A., Bingham, S. A., Vorster, H., Jerling, J. C., Runswick, S. A., and Cummings, J. H. Apolipoprotein E genotype modulates the effect of black tea drinking on blood lipids and blood coagulation factors: a pilot study. Br.J Nutr. 1998;79(2):133-139.
- Lorenz M, Jochmann N, von Krosigk A, et al. Addition of milk prevents vascular protective effects of tea. Eur Heart J 2007;28:219-23.
- Lou, Y. R., Lu, Y. P., Xie, J. G., Huang, M. T., and Conney, A. H. Effects of oral administration of tea, decaffeinated tea, and caffeine on the formation and growth of tumors in high-risk SKH-1 mice previously treated with ultraviolet B light. Nutr.Cancer 1999;33(2):146-153.
- Lu, Y. P., Lou, Y. R., Lin, Y., Shih, W. J., Huang, M. T., Yang, C. S., and Conney, A. H. Inhibitory effects of orally administered green tea, black tea, and caffeine on skin carcinogenesis in mice previously treated with ultraviolet B light (high-risk mice): relationship to decreased tissue fat. Cancer Res. 7-1-2001;61(13):5002-5009.
- Lu, Y. P., Lou, Y. R., Xie, J. G., Yen, P., Huang, M. T., and Conney, A. H. Inhibitory effect of black tea on the growth of established skin tumors in mice: effects on tumor size, apoptosis, mitosis and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into DNA. Carcinogenesis 1997;18(11):2163-2169.
- Luceri, C., Caderni, G., Sanna, A., and Dolara, P. Red wine and black tea polyphenols modulate the expression of cycloxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and glutathione-related enzymes in azoxymethane-induced f344 rat colon tumors. J Nutr. 2002;132(6):1376-1379.
- Luszczki, J. J., Zuchora, M., Sawicka, K. M., Kozinska, J., and Czuczwar, S. J. Acute exposure to caffeine decreases the anticonvulsant action of ethosuximide, but not that of clonazepam, phenobarbital and valproate against pentetrazole-induced seizures in mice. Pharmacol Rep. 2006;58(5):652-659.
- Ma C, Zheng X, Yang Y, Bu P. The effect of black tea supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct. 2021 7;12(1):41-56.
- MacKenzie, T., Comi, R., Sluss, P., Keisari, R., Manwar, S., Kim, J., Larson, R., and Baron, J. A. Metabolic and hormonal effects of caffeine: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Metabolism 2007;56(12):1694-1698.
- Mackenzie, T., Leary, L., and Brooks, W. B. The effect of an extract of green and black tea on glucose control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: double-blind randomized study. Metabolism 2007;56(10):1340-1344.
- Mahdavi-Roshan M, Salari A, Ghorbani Z, Ashouri A. The effects of regular consumption of green or black tea beverage on blood pressure in those with elevated blood pressure or hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med. 2020;51:102430.
- Maity, S., Ukil, A., Karmakar, S., Datta, N., Chaudhuri, T., Vedasiromoni, J. R., Ganguly, D. K., and Das, P. K. Thearubigin, the major polyphenol of black tea, ameliorates mucosal injury in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis. Eur.J Pharmacol 5-30-2003;470(1-2):103-112.
- Maity, S., Vedasiromoni, J. R., Chaudhuri, L., and Ganguly, D. K. Role of reduced glutathione and nitric oxide in the black tea extract-mediated protection against ulcerogen-induced changes in motility and gastric emptying in rats. Jpn J Pharmacol. 2001;85(4):358-364.
- Maron DJ, Lu GP, Cai NS, et al. Cholesterol-lowering effect of a theaflavin-enriched green tea extract: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:1448-53.
- Martin, T. R. and Bracken, M. B. The association between low birth weight and caffeine consumption during pregnancy. Am.J.Epidemiol. 1987;126(5):813-821.
- Massey LK, Whiting SJ. Caffeine, urinary calcium, calcium metabolism and bone. J Nutr 1993;123:1611-4.
- Massey LK. Is caffeine a risk factor for bone loss in the elderly? Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:569-70.
- May DC, Jarboe CH, VanBakel AB, Williams WM. Effects of cimetidine on caffeine disposition in smokers and nonsmokers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1982;31:656-61.
- Mays, D. C., Camisa, C., Cheney, P., Pacula, C. M., Nawoot, S., and Gerber, N. Methoxsalen is a potent inhibitor of the metabolism of caffeine in humans. Clin.Pharmacol.Ther. 1987;42(6):621-626.
- McGowan JD, Altman RE, Kanto WP Jr. Neonatal withdrawal symptoms after chronic maternal ingestion of caffeine. South Med J 1988;81:1092-4.
Meades G Jr, Henken RL, Waldrop GL, et al. Constituents of cinnamon inhibit bacterial acetyl CoA carboxylase. Planta Med 2010;76(14):1570-5.
- Merhav H, Amitai Y, Palti H, Godfrey S. Tea drinking and microcytic anemia in infants. Am J Clin Nutr 1985;41:1210-3.
- Mester R, Toren P, Mizrachi I, et al. Caffeine withdrawal increases lithium blood levels. Biol Psychiatry 1995;37:348-50.
- Michels KB, Holmberg L, Bergkvist L, Wolk A. Coffee, tea, and caffeine consumption and breast cancer incidence in a cohort of Swedish women. Ann Epidemiol 2002;12:21-6.
- Migliardi JR, Armellino JJ, Friedman M, et al. Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant in tension headache. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1994;56:576-86.
- Mills BM, Zaya MJ, Walters RR, et al. Current cytochrome P450 phenotyping methods applied to metabolic drug -drug interaction prediction in dogs. Drug Metab Dispos 2010;38:396-404.
- Mirfeizi M, Mehdizadeh Tourzani Z, Mirfeizi SZ, et al. Controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus with herbal medicines: a triple-blind randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety. J Diabetes. 2016 Sep;8(5):647-56.
- Mirmiranpour H, Huseini HF, Derakhshanian H, Khodaii Z, Tavakoli-Far B. Effects of probiotic, cinnamon, and synbiotic supplementation on glycemic control and antioxidant status in people with type 2 diabetes; a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2019;19(1):53-60.
- Mizuno H, Cho YY, Zhu F, et al. Theaflavin-3, 3′-digallate induces epidermal growth factor receptor downregulation. Mol Carcinog 2006;45:204-12.
- Mohiuddin, M., Azam, A. T., Amran, M. S., and Hossain, M. A. In vive effects of gliclazide and metformin on the plasma concentration of caffeine in healthy rats. Pak.J Biol Sci 5-1-2009;12(9):734-737.
- Moisey, L. L., Robinson, L. E., and Graham, T. E. Consumption of caffeinated coffee and a high carbohydrate meal affects postprandial metabolism of a subsequent oral glucose tolerance test in young, healthy males. Br.J Nutr. 2010;103(6):833-841.
- Mukamal KJ, MacDermott K, Vinson JA, et al. A 6-month randomized pilot study of black tea and cardiovascular risk factors. Am Heart J 2007;154:724. e1-6.
- Mukamal KJ, Maclure M, Muller JE, et al. Tea consumption and mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 2002;105:2476-81.
- Mukoyama, A., Ushijima, H., Nishimura, S., Koike, H., Toda, M., Hara, Y., and Shimamura, T. Inhibition of rotavirus and enterovirus infections by tea extracts. Jpn.J Med.Sci Biol. 1991;44(4):181-186.
- Mulder, T. P., Rietveld, A. G., and Van Amelsvoort, J. M. Consumption of both black tea and green tea results in an increase in the excretion of hippuric acid into urine. Am.J.Clin Nutr. 2005;81(1 Suppl):256S-260S.
- Nagao, M., Takahashi, Y., Yamanaka, H., and Sugimura, T. Mutagens in coffee and tea. Mutat.Res. 1979;68(2):101-106.
- Nakayama, M., Suzuki, K., Toda, M., Okubo, S., Hara, Y., and Shimamura, T. Inhibition of the infectivity of influenza virus by tea polyphenols. Antiviral Res. 1993;21(4):289-299.
- Nawrot P, Jordan S, Eastwood J, et al. Effects of caffeine on human health. Food Addit Contam 2003;20:1-30.
- Nehlig A, Debry G. Consequences on the newborn of chronic maternal consumption of coffee during gestation and lactation: a review. J Am Coll Nutr 1994;13:6-21..
- Ng TP, Gao Q, Gwee X, Chua DQL, Tan WC. Tea Consumption and Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Middle-Aged and Older Singaporean Adults. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021;16:13-23.
- Nie XC, Dong DS, Bai Y, Xia P. Meta-analysis of black tea consumption and breast cancer risk: update 2013. Nutr Cancer. 2014;66(6):1009-14.
- Nix D, Zelenitsky S, Symonds W, et al. The effect of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in young and elderly subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992;51:183.
- Norager, C. B., Jensen, M. B., Weimann, A., and Madsen, M. R. Metabolic effects of caffeine ingestion and physical work in 75-year old citizens. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006;65(2):223-228.
- Nurminen ML, Niittynen L, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H. Coffee, caffeine and blood pressure: a critical review. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999;53:831-9.
- Nyadjeu P, Dongmo A, Nguelefack TB, Kamanyi A. Antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum stem bark aqueous extracts. J Complement Integr Med 2011;8.
- Okubo, S., Toda, M., Hara, Y., and Shimamura, T. [Antifungal and fungicidal activities of tea extract and catechin against Trichophyton]. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi 1991;46(2):509-514.
- Oliveira JdA, da Silva IC, Trindade LA, et al. Safety and tolerability of essential oil from Cinnamomum zeylanicum blume leaves with action on oral candidosis and its effect on the physical properties of the acylic resin. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014;2014:325670.
- Olthof MR, Hollman PC, Zock PL, Katan MB. Consumption of high doses of chlorogenic acid, present in coffee, or of black tea increases plasma total homocysteine concentrations in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73:532-8.
- Onderoglu S, Sozer S, Erbil KM, et al. The evaluation of long-term effcts of cinnamon bark and olive leaf on toxicity induced by streptozotocin administration to rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 1999;51:1305-12.
- Opala, T., Rzymski, P., Pischel, I., Wilczak, M., and Wozniak, J. Efficacy of 12 weeks supplementation of a botanical extract-based weight loss formula on body weight, body composition and blood chemistry in healthy, overweight subjects–a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur J Med Res 8-30-2006;11(8):343-350.
- Opuwari CS, Monsees TK. In vivo effects of black tea on the male rat reproductive system and functions of the kidney and liver. Andrologia. 2020;52(4):e13552.
- Orozco-Gregorio, H., Mota-Rojas, D., Bonilla-Jaime, H., Trujillo-Ortega, M. E., Becerril-Herrera, M., Hernandez-Gonzalez, R., and Villanueva-Garcia, D. Effects of administration of caffeine on metabolic variables in neonatal pigs with peripartum asphyxia. Am.J Vet.Res. 2010;71(10):1214-1219.
- Pan, M. H., Lin-Shiau, S. Y., Ho, C. T., Lin, J. H., and Lin, J. K. Suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activity by theaflavin-3,3′-digallate from black tea and other polyphenols through down-regulation of IkappaB kinase activity in macrophages. Biochem.Pharmacol. 2-15-2000;59(4):357-367.
- Parker DL, Hoffmann TK, Tucker MA, et al. Interaction between warfarin and black tea. Ann Pharmacother 2009;43:150-1.
- Pasquet R, Karp I, Siemiatycki J, Koushik A. The consumption of coffee and black tea and the risk of lung cancer. Ann Epidemiol. 2016;26(11):757-763.e2.
- Perera, V., Gross, A. S., and McLachlan, A. J. Caffeine and paraxanthine HPLC assay for CYP1A2 phenotype assessment using saliva and plasma. Biomed.Chromatogr. 2010;24(10):1136-1144.
- Peters U, Poole C, Arab L. Does tea affect cardiovascular disease? A meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2001;154:495-503.
- Peterson DW, George RC, Scaramozzino F, et al. Cinnamon extract inhibits tau aggregation associated with Alzheimer’s disease in vitro. J Alzheimers Dis 2009;17(3):585-97.
- Petrie HJ, Chown SE, Belfie LM, et al. Caffeine ingestion increases the insulin response to an oral-glucose-tolerance test in obese men before and after weight loss. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:22-8.
- Pilapil VR. Toxic manifestations of cinnamon oil ingestion in a child. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1989;28:276.
- Pils S, Paternostro C, Mayerhoefer ME, Reinthaller A, Feichtinger M. Heavy black tea consumption and elevated CA 19-9 and CA 125 levels. A case report on a patient with ovarian endometriotic cysts. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2019;35(6):478-480.
- Pincomb, G. A., Lovallo, W. R., McKey, B. S., Sung, B. H., Passey, R. B., Everson, S. A., and Wilson, M. F. Acute blood pressure elevations with caffeine in men with borderline systemic hypertension. Am.J Cardiol. 2-1-1996;77(4):270-274.
- Pollock BG, Wylie M, Stack JA, et al. Inhibition of caffeine metabolism by estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. J Clin Pharmacol 1999;39:936-40.
- Princen HM, van Duyvenvoorde W, Buytenhek R, et al. No effect of consumption of green and black tea on plasma lipid and antioxidant levels and on LDL oxidation in smokers. Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol. 1998;18:833-841.
- Quale, J. M., Landman, D., Zaman, M. M., Burney, S., and Sathe, S. S. In vitro activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum against azole resistant and sensitive Candida species and a pilot study of cinnamon for oral candidiasis. Am J Chin Med 1996;24(2):103-109.
- Raaska K, Raitasuo V, Laitila J, Neuvonen PJ. Effect of caffeine-containing versus decaffeinated coffee on serum clozapine concentrations in hospitalised patients. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2004;94:13-8.
- Rakic V, Beilin LJ, Burke V. Effect of coffee and tea drinking on postprandial hypotension in older men and women. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1996;23:559-63.
- Rana IS, Singh A, Gwal R. In vitro study of antibacterial activity of aromatic and medicinal plants essential oils with special reference to cinnamon oil. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2011;3:376-80.
- Ranasinghe P, Galappaththy P. Health benefits of Ceylon cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum): a summary of the current evidence. Ceylon Med J 2016;61(1):1-5.
- Ranasinghe P, Jayawardana R, Galappaththy P, et al. Efficacy and safety of ‘true’ cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) as a pharmaceutical agent in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabet Med 2012;29(12):1480-92.
- Ranasinghe P, Jayawardena R, Galappaththy P, et al. Response to Akilen et al. Efficacy and safety of ‘true’ cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) as a pharmaceutical agent in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabet Med 2013 Apr;30(4):506-7.
- Ranasinghe P, Jayawardena R, Pigera S, et al. Evaluation of pharmacodynamic properties and safety of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Ceylon cinnamon) in healthy adults: a phase I clinical trial. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017;17(1):550.
- Ranasinghe P, Pigera S, Premakumara GA, et al. Medicinal properties of ‘true’ cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum): a systematic review. BMC Complement Altern Med 2013;13:275.
- Rao HJ, Lakshmi. Anti-diarrhoeal activity of the aqueous extract of the bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum linn in mice. J Clin Diagn Res 2012;6:117-24.
- Rao SS. Current and emerging treatment options for fecal incontinence. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2014;48(9):752-64.
- Rapuri PB, Gallagher JC, Kinyamu HK, Ryschon KL. Caffeine intake increases the rate of bone loss in elderly women and interacts with vitamin D receptor genotypes. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:694-700.
- Rigato, I., Blarasin, L., and Kette, F. Severe hypokalemia in 2 young bicycle riders due to massive caffeine intake. Clin J Sport Med. 2010;20(2):128-130.
- Rimm, E. B., Katan, M. B., Ascherio, A., Stampfer, M. J., and Willett, W. C. Relation between intake of flavonoids and risk for coronary heart disease in male health professionals. Ann.Intern.Med. 9-1-1996;125(5):384-389.
- Roberts, A. T., Jonge-Levitan, L., Parker, C. C., and Greenway, F. The effect of an herbal supplement containing black tea and caffeine on metabolic parameters in humans. Altern Med Rev 2005;10(4):321-325.
- Robinson LE, Savani S, Battram DS, et al. Caffeine ingestion before an oral glucose tolerance test impairs blood glucose management in men with type 2 diabetes. J Nutr 2004;134:2528-33.
- Ross GW, Abbott RD, Petrovitch H, et al. Association of coffee and caffeine intake with the risk of parkinson disease. JAMA 2000;283:2674-9.
- Rosti L, Gastaldi G, Frigiola A. Cinnamon and bacterial enteric infections. Indian J Pediatr 2008;75(5).
- Rosti L, Gastaldi G. Chronic salmonellosis and cinnamon. Pediatrics 2005;116:1057.
- Samarasekera R, Kalhari KS, Weerasinghe IS. Mosquitocidal acitivy of leaf and bark essential oils of Ceylon cinnamomum zeylanicum. J Essent Oil Res 2005;17:301-3.
- Sambaiah, K. and Srinivasan, K. Effect of cumin, cinnamon, ginger, mustard and tamarind in induced hypercholesterolemic rats. Nahrung 1991;35(1):47-51.
- Sanderink GJ, Bournique B, Stevens J, et al. Involvement of human CYP1A isoenzymes in the metabolism and drug interactions of riluzole in vitro. Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;282:1465-72.
- Sato J, Nakata H, Owada E, et al. Influence of usual intake of dietary caffeine on single-dose kinetics of theophylline in healthy human subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1993;44:295-8.
- Savage, G. P., Charrier, M. J., and Vanhanen, L. Bioavailability of soluble oxalate from tea and the effect of consuming milk with the tea. Eur.J Clin.Nutr. 2003;57(3):415-419.
- Savitz DA, Chan RL, Herring AH, et al. Caffeine and miscarriage risk. Epidemiology 2008;19:55-62.
- Schabath MB, Hernandez LM, Wu X, et al. Dietary phytoestrogens and lung cancer risk. JAMA 2005;294:1493-1504.
- Scholey AB, Kennedy DO. Cognitive and physiological effects of an “energy drink:” an evaluation of the whole drink and of glucose, caffeine and herbal flavouring fractions. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004;176:320-30.
- Sesso HD, Gaziano JM, Buring JE, et al. Coffee and tea intake and the risk of myocardial infarction. Am J Epidemiol 1999;149:162-7.
- Shahrzad S, Aoyagi K, Winter A, et al. Pharmacokinetics of gallic acid and its relative bioavailability from tea in healthy humans. J Nutr 2001;131:1207-10.
- Shekelle PG, Hardy ML, Morton SC, et al. Efficacy and safety of ephedra and ephedrine for weight loss and athletic performance: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2003;289:1537-45.
- Shet, M. S., McPhaul, M., Fisher, C. W., Stallings, N. R., and Estabrook, R. W. Metabolism of the antiandrogenic drug (Flutamide) by human CYP1A2. Drug Metab Dispos. 1997;25(11):1298-1303.
- Shirzad F, Morovatdar N, Rezaee R, Tsarouhas K, Abdollahi Moghadam A. Cinnamon effects on blood pressure and metabolic profile: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in patients with stage 1 hypertension. Avicenna J Phytomed 2021;11(1):91-100.
- Shukla, Y. and Taneja, P. Anticarcinogenic effect of black tea on pulmonary tumors in Swiss albino mice. Cancer Lett. 2-25-2002;176(2):137-141.
- Simmonds, M. J., Minahan, C. L., and Sabapathy, S. Caffeine improves supramaximal cycling but not the rate of anaerobic energy release. Eur.J Appl Physiol 2010;109(2):287-295.
- Sinclair CJ, Geiger JD. Caffeine use in sports. A pharmacological review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2000;40:71-9.
- Singh R, Koppikar SJ, Paul P, et al. Comparative analysis of cytotoxic effect of aqueous cinnamon extract from Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark with commercial cinnamaldehyde on various cell lines. Pharm Biol 2009;47:1174-9.
- Smith A. Effects of caffeine on human behavior. Food Chem Toxicol 2002;40:1243-55.
- Smits P, Straatman C, Pijpers E, Thien T. Dose-dependent inhibition of the hemodynamic response to dipyridamole by caffeine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991;50:529-37.
- Smits, P., Corstens, F. H., Aengevaeren, W. R., Wackers, F. J., and Thien, T. False-negative dipyridamole-thallium-201 myocardial imaging after caffeine infusion. J Nucl.Med. 1991;32(8):1538-1541.
- Smits, P., Lenders, J. W., and Thien, T. Caffeine and theophylline attenuate adenosine-induced vasodilation in humans. Clin.Pharmacol.Ther. 1990;48(4):410-418.
- Smits, P., Temme, L., and Thien, T. The cardiovascular interaction between caffeine and nicotine in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1993;54(2):194-204.
- Srisuphan, W. and Bracken, M. B. Caffeine consumption during pregnancy and association with late spontaneous abortion. Am.J Obstet.Gynecol. 1986;154(1):14-20.
- Stanek EJ, Melko GP, Charland SL. Xanthine interference with dipyridamole-thallium-201 myocardial imaging. Pharmacother 1995;29:425-7.
- Steels E, Steels E, Deshpande P, Thakurdesai P, Dighe S, Collet T. A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study of intranasal standardized cinnamon bark extract for seasonal allergic rhinitis. Complement Ther Med. 2019;47:102198.
- Stensvold, I., Tverdal, A., Solvoll, K., and Foss, O. P. Tea consumption. relationship to cholesterol, blood pressure, and coronary and total mortality. Prev.Med. 1992;21(4):546-553.
- Steptoe, A., Gibson, E. L., Vuononvirta, R., Hamer, M., Wardle, J., Rycroft, J. A., Martin, J. F., and Erusalimsky, J. D. The effects of chronic tea intake on platelet activation and inflammation: a double-blind placebo controlled trial. Atherosclerosis 2007;193(2):277-282.
- Steptoe, A., Gibson, E. L., Vuononvirta, R., Williams, E. D., Hamer, M., Rycroft, J. A., Erusalimsky, J. D., and Wardle, J. The effects of tea on psychophysiological stress responsivity and post-stress recovery: a randomised double-blind trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007;190(1):81-89.
- Stille, W., Harder, S., Mieke, S., Beer, C., Shah, P. M., Frech, K., and Staib, A. H. Decrease of caffeine elimination in man during co-administration of 4-quinolones. J.Antimicrob.Chemother. 1987;20(5):729-734.
- Stookey JD. The diuretic effects of alcohol and caffeine and total water intake misclassification. Eur J Epidemiol 1999;15:181-8.
- Su LJ, Arab L. Tea consumption and the reduced risk of colon cancer — results from a national prospective cohort study. Public Health Nutr 2002;5:419-25.
- Sun, C. L., Yuan, J. M., Koh, W. P., and Yu, M. C. Green tea, black tea and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Carcinogenesis 2006;27(7):1301-1309.
- Sung, B. H., Whitsett, T. L., Lovallo, W. R., al’Absi, M., Pincomb, G. A., and Wilson, M. F. Prolonged increase in blood pressure by a single oral dose of caffeine in mildly hypertensive men. Am.J Hypertens. 1994;7(8):755-758.
- Suzuki S, Murayama Y, Sugiyama E, et al. Estimating pediatric doses of drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes, based on physiological liver development and serum protein levels. Yakugaku Zasshi 2010;130:613-20.
- Tajima K, Tominaga S. Dietary habits and gastro-intestinal cancers: a comparative case-control study of stomach and large intestinal cancers in Nagoya, Japan. Jpn J Cancer Res 1985;76:705-16.
- Takasao N, Tsuji-Naito K, Ishikura S, et al. Cinnamon extract promotes type I collagen biosynthesis via activation of IGF-I signaling in human dermal fibroblasts. J Agric Food Chem 2012;60(5):1193-200.
- Talaei B, Amouzegar A, Sahranavard S, Hedayati M, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Effects of cinnamon consumption on glycemic indicators, advanced glycation end products, and antioxidant status in type 2 diabetic patients. Nutrients. 2017 Sep 8;9(9). Pii:E991.
- Taubert D, Roesen R, Schomig E. Effect of cocoa and tea intake on blood pressure: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:626-34.
- Tavani, A., Pregnolato, A., La, Vecchia C., Negri, E., Talamini, R., and Franceschi, S. Coffee and tea intake and risk of cancers of the colon and rectum: a study of 3,530 cases and 7,057 controls. Int.J Cancer 10-9-1997;73(2):193-197.
- Taylor, E. S., Smith, A. D., Cowan, J. O., Herbison, G. P., and Taylor, D. R. Effect of caffeine ingestion on exhaled nitric oxide measurements in patients with asthma. Am.J Respir.Crit Care Med. 5-1-2004;169(9):1019-1021.
- Temme EH, Van Hoydonck PG. Tea consumption and iron status. Eur J Clin Nutr 2002;56:379-86.
- Terry P, Wolk A. Tea consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer in Sweden. Nutr Cancer 2001;39:176-9.
- The National Toxicology Program (NTP). Caffeine. Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR). Available at: https://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov/common/caffeine.html.
- Thomasset, S. C., Berry, D. P., Garcea, G., Marczylo, T., Steward, W. P., and Gescher, A. J. Dietary polyphenolic phytochemicals–promising cancer chemopreventive agents in humans? A review of their clinical properties. Int.J Cancer 2-1-2007;120(3):451-458.
- Toda, M., Okubo, S., Ikigai, H., Suzuki, T., Suzuki, Y., Hara, Y., and Shimamura, T. The protective activity of tea catechins against experimental infection by Vibrio cholerae O1. Microbiol.Immunol. 1992;36(9):999-1001.
- Tsuji-Naito K. Aldehydic components of cinnamon bark extract suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through NFATc1 downregulation. Bioorg Med Chem 2008;16(20):9176-83.
- Tu YY, Tang AB, Watanabe N. The theaflavin monomers inhibit the cancer cells growth in vitro. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2004;36:508-12.
- Turpault S, Brian W, Van Horn R, et al. Pharmacokinetic assessment of a five-probe cocktail for CYPs 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2009;68:928-35.
- Uhde TW, Boulenger JP, Jimerson DC, Post RM. Caffeine: relationship to human anxiety, plasma MHPG and cortisol. Psychopharmacol Bull 1984;20:426-30.
- Underwood DA. Which medications should be held before a pharmacologic or exercise stress test? Cleve Clin J Med 2002;69:449-50.
- Ursing, C., Wikner, J., Brismar, K., and Rojdmark, S. Caffeine raises the serum melatonin level in healthy subjects: an indication of melatonin metabolism by cytochrome P450(CYP)1A2. J.Endocrinol.Invest 2003;26(5):403-406.
- Vafa M, Mohammadi F, Shidfar F, Sormaghi MS, Heidari I, Golestan B, Armiri F. Effects of cinnamon consumption on glycemic status, lipid profile and body composition in type 2 diabetic patients. Int J Prev Med. 2012 Aug;3(8):531-6.
- Vahedi K, Domingo V, Amarenco P, Bousser MG. Ischemic stroke in a sportsman who consumed MaHuang extract and creatine monohydrate for bodybuilding. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2000;68:112-3.
- Vallianou N, Tsang C, Taghizadeh M, Davoodvandi A, Jafarnejad S. Effect of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) supplementation on serum C-reactive protein concentrations: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Complement Ther Med 2019;42:271-8.
- van der Hoeven N, Visser I, Schene A, van den Born BJ. Severe hypertension related to caffeinated coffee and tranylcypromine: a case report. Ann Intern Med. 2014 May 6;160(9):657-8. doi: 10.7326/L14-5009-8.
- Van Dorsten, F. A., Daykin, C. A., Mulder, T. P., and Van Duynhoven, J. P. Metabonomics approach to determine metabolic differences between green tea and black tea consumption. J Agric Food Chem 9-6-2006;54(18):6929-6938.
- Van Dusseldorp, M., Smits, P., Thien, T., and Katan, M. B. Effect of decaffeinated versus regular coffee on blood pressure. A 12-week, double-blind trial. Hypertension 1989;14(5):563-569.
- Van Het Hof, K. H., de Boer, H. S., Wiseman, S. A., Lien, N., Westrate, J. A., and Tijburg, L. B. Consumption of green or black tea does not increase resistance of low-density lipoprotein to oxidation in humans. Am.J Clin.Nutr. 1997;66(5):1125-1132.
- Vandeberghe K, Gillis N, Van Leemputte M, et al. Caffeine counteracts the ergogenic action of muscle creatine loading. J Appl Physiol 1996;80:452-7.
- Vandersall A, Katta R. Eyelid dermatitis as a manifestation of systemic contact dermatitis to cinnamon. Dermatitis. 2015 Jul-Aug;26(4):189.
- Vaz, J., Kulkarni, C., David, J., and Joseph, T. Influence of caffeine on pharmacokinetic profile of sodium valproate and carbamazepine in normal human volunteers. Indian J.Exp.Biol. 1998;36(1):112-114.
- Verspohl EJ, Bauer K, Neddermann E. Antidiabetic effect of Cinnamomum cassia and Cinnamomum zeylanicum in vivo and in vitro. Phytother Res 2005;19:203-6.
- Vinson JA, Teufel K, Wu N. Green and black teas inhibit atherosclerosis by lipid, antioxidant, and fibrinolytic mechanisms. J Agric Food Chem 2004;52:3661-5.
- Vlachopoulos, C., Alexopoulos, N., Dima, I., Aznaouridis, K., Andreadou, I., and Stefanadis, C. Acute effect of black and green tea on aortic stiffness and wave reflections. J Am Coll.Nutr 2006;25(3):216-223.
- Wahllander A, Paumgartner G. Effect of ketoconazole and terbinafine on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1989;37:279-83.
- Wakabayashi K, Kono S, Shinchi K, et al. Habitual coffee consumption and blood pressure: A study of self-defense officials in Japan. Eur J Epidemiol 1998;14:669-73.
- Wallach J. Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests. A synopsis of Laboratory Medicine. Fifth ed; Boston, MA: Little Brown, 1992.
- Wang D, Chen C, Wang Y, Liu J, Lin R. Effect of black tea consumption on blood cholesterol: a meta-analysis of 15 randomized controlled trials. PLoS One. 2014 19;9(9):e107711.
- Wang S, Li X, Yang Y, et al. Does coffee, tea and caffeine consumption reduce the risk of incident breast cancer? A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr 2021;24(18):6377-6389.
- Wang Y, Yu X, Wu Y, Zhang D. Coffee and tea consumption and risk of lung cancer: a dose-response analysis of observational studies. Lung Cancer. 2012;78(2):169-70.
- Wang, X. and Yeung, J. H. Effects of the aqueous extract from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge on caffeine pharmacokinetics and liver microsomal CYP1A2 activity in humans and rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010;62(8):1077-1083.
- Wansi SL, Nyadjeu P, Ngamga D, et al. Blood pressure lowering effect of the ethanol extract from the stembark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (lauraceae) in rats. Pharmacol online 2007;3:166-76.
- Warburton DM, Bersellini E, Sweeney E. An evaluation of a caffeinated taurine drink on mood, memory and information processing in healthy volunteers without caffeine abstinence. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2001;158:322-8..
- Warden, B. A., Smith, L. S., Beecher, G. R., Balentine, D. A., and Clevidence, B. A. Catechins are bioavailable in men and women drinking black tea throughout the day. J Nutr. 2001;131(6):1731-1737.
- Watson JM, Jenkins EJ, Hamilton P, et al. Influence of caffeine on the frequency and perception of hypoglycemia in free-living patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000;23:455-9.
- Watson JM, Sherwin RS, Deary IJ, et al. Dissociation of augmented physiological, hormonal and cognitive responses to hypoglycaemia with sustained caffeine use. Clin Sci (Lond) 2003;104:447-54.
- Way TD, Lee HH, Kao MC, Lin JK. Black tea polyphenol theaflavins inhibit aromatase activity and attenuate tamoxifen resistance in HER2/neu-transfected human breast cancer cells through tyrosine kinase suppression. Eur J Cancer 2004;40:2165-74.
- Weathersbee PS, Olsen LK, Lodge JR. Caffeine and pregnancy. A retrospective survey. Postgrad Med 1977;62:64-9.
Weisburger, J.H. Tea and health: the underlying mechanisms. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1999;220:271-5.
- Weisburger, J. H. Tea and health: a historical perspective. Cancer Lett. 3-19-1997;114(1-2):315-317.
- Wemple RD, Lamb DR, McKeever KH. Caffeine vs caffeine-free sports drinks: effects on urine production at rest and during prolonged exercise. Int J Sports Med 1997;18:40-6.
- Weng X, Odouli R, Li DK. Maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage: a prospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008;198:279.e1-8.
- Wikoff D, Welsh BT, Henderson R, et al. Systematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults, pregnant women, adolescents, and children. Food Chem Toxicol 2017;109:585-648.
- Williams MH, Branch JD. Creatine supplementation and exercise performance: an update. J Am Coll Nutr 1998;17:216-34.
- Winkelmayer WC, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Curhan GC. Habitual caffeine intake and the risk of hypertension in women. JAMA 2005;294:2330-5.
- Wojcikowski, J. and Daniel, W. A. Perazine at therapeutic drug concentrations inhibits human cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 1A2 (CYP1A2) and caffeine metabolism–an in vitro study. Pharmacol Rep. 2009;61(5):851-858.
- Woodward, M. and Tunstall-Pedoe, H. Coffee and tea consumption in the Scottish Heart Health Study follow up: conflicting relations with coronary risk factors, coronary disease, and all cause mortality. J.Epidemiol.Community Health 1999;53(8):481-487.
- Wu CH, Yang YC, Yao WJ, et al. Epidemiological evidence of increased bone mineral density in habitual tea drinkers. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:1001-6.
- Yam, T. S., Shah, S., and Hamilton-Miller, J. M. Microbiological activity of whole and fractionated crude extracts of tea (Camellia sinensis), and of tea components. FEMS Microbiol.Lett. 7-1-1997;152(1):169-174.
- Yamada, H., Ohashi, K., Atsumi, T., Okabe, H., Shimizu, T., Nishio, S., Li, X. D., Kosuge, K., Watanabe, H., and Hara, Y. Effects of tea catechin inhalation on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in elderly patients in a hospital ward. J.Hosp.Infect. 2003;53(3):229-231.
- Yamada, H., Tateishi, M., Harada, K., Ohashi, T., Shimizu, T., Atsumi, T., Komagata, Y., Iijima, H., Komiyama, K., Watanabe, H., Hara, Y., and Ohashi, K. A randomized clinical study of tea catechin inhalation effects on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in disabled elderly patients. J Am.Med.Dir.Assoc. 2006;7(2):79-83.
- Yanagida A, Shoji A, Shibusawa Y, et al. Analytical separation of tea catechins and food-related polyphenols by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2006;1112:195-201.
- Yang YC, Lee HS, Lee SE, et al. Ovicidal and adulticidal activities of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark essential oil compounds and related compounds against Pediculus humanus capitis (Anopluar: Pediculicidae). Int J Parasitol 2005;35(14):1595-600.
- Zareie A, Sahebkar A, Khorvash F, Bagherniya M, Hasanzadeh A, Askari G. Effect of cinnamon on migraine attacks and inflammatory markers: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res 2020;34(11):2945-52.
- Zatonski, W. A., Boyle, P., Przewozniak, K., Maisonneuve, P., Drosik, K., and Walker, A. M. Cigarette smoking, alcohol, tea and coffee consumption and pancreas cancer risk: a case-control study from Opole, Poland. Int.J Cancer 2-20-1993;53(4):601-607.
- Zelenitsky SA, Norman A, Nix DE. The effects of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in young and elderly subjects. J Infect Dis Pharmacother 1995;1:1-11.
- Zhang LL, Zhang JR, Guo K, et al. Effects of fluoroquinolones on CYP4501A and 3A in male broilers. Res Vet Sci 2011;90:99-105.
- Zhang M, Binns CW, Lee AH. Tea consumption and ovarian cancer risk: a case-control study in China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002;11:713-8..
- Zhang Y, Yang H, Li S, Li WD, Wang Y. Consumption of coffee and tea and risk of developing stroke, dementia, and poststroke dementia: A cohort study in the UK Biobank. PLoS Med 2021;18(11):e1003830.
- Zhao Y, Asimi S, Wu K, Zheng J, Li D. Black tea consumption and serum cholesterol concentration: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr. 2015;34(4):612-9.
- Zheng JS, Yang J, Fu YQ, Huang T, Huang YJ, Li D. Effects of green tea, black tea, and coffee consumption on the risk of esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutr Cancer. 2013;65(1):1-16.
- Zheng KH, Zhu K, Wactawski-Wende J, et al. Caffeine intake from coffee and tea and invasive breast cancer incidence among postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative. Int J Cancer 2021;149(12):2032-2044.
- Zheng XM, Williams RC. Serum caffeine levels after 24-hour abstention: clinical implications on dipyridamole (201)Tl myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Med Technol 2002;30:123-7.
- Zheng, J., Chen, B., Jiang, B., Zeng, L., Tang, Z. R., Fan, L., and Zhou, H. H. The effects of puerarin on CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 activities in vivo. Arch Pharm Res 2010;33(2):243-246.
- Zheng, W., Doyle, T. J., Kushi, L. H., Sellers, T. A., Hong, C. P., and Folsom, A. R. Tea consumption and cancer incidence in a prospective cohort study of postmenopausal women. Am.J Epidemiol. 7-15-1996;144(2):175-182.
- Zhou Q, Li H, Zhou JG, Ma Y, Wu T, Ma H. Green tea, black tea consumption and risk of endometrial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2016;293(1):143-55.
- Zijp IM, Korver O, Tijburg LB. Effect of tea and other dietary factors on iron absorption. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2000;40:371-98.
- Zobeiri M, Parvizi F, Shahpiri Z, et al. Evaluation of the effectiveness of cinnamon oil soft capsule in patients with functional dyspepsia: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021;2021:6634115.
Related
Reviews
There are no reviews yet.