Daily Boosting Rosemary Mint Tea™

Clinical References

Clinical evidence of the ingredients found in this product. These are public domain references and do not relate directly to our product.

Hawthorn

• Alexander, H. A. Clinical effectiveness of Crataegus extract LI132 for treating heart insufficiency stage 2 New York: A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study with n=73 patients. Dissertation (Dr. med). 1995.
• Anon. Crataegus oxyacantha (Hawthorn). Monograph. Altern.Med Rev. 2010;15(2):164-167.
• Asher GN, Viera AJ, Weaver MA, et al. Effect of hawthorn standardized extract on flow mediated dilation in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults: a randomized, controlled cross-over trial. BMC.Complement Altern.Med 2012;12:26.
• Bahorun T, Gressier B, Trotin F, and et al. Oxygen species scavenging activity of phenolic extracts from hawthorn fresh plant organs and pharmaceutical preparations. Arzneim-Forsch 1996;46(2):1086-1089.
• Baklykova, O. B., Sizova, ZhM, and Shikh, E. V. [Possible use of standardized Crataegus sanguinea extract in correction of cardiac rhythm impairment in patients with chronic heart failure]. Antibiot.Khimioter. 2009;54(1-2):47-52.
• Beier A, Konigstein RP, and Samec V. [Clinical experiences with a crataegus pentaerythrityl-tetranitrate combination drug in heart diseases due to coronary sclerosis in old age]. Wien Med Wochenschr 6-15-1974;124(24):378-381.
• Belz, G. G. and Loew, D. Dose-response related efficacy in orthostatic hypotension of a fixed combination of D-camphor and an extract from fresh crataegus berries and the contribution of the single components. Phytomedicine. 2003;10 Suppl 4:61-67.
• Belz, G. G., Butzer, R., Gaus, W., and Loew, D. Camphor-Crataegus berry extract combination dose-dependently reduces tilt induced fall in blood pressure in orthostatic hypotension. Phytomedicine. 2002;9(7):581-588.
• Bodigheimer K and Chase D. [Effectiveness of hawthorn extract at a dosage of 3x100mg per day]. Munch Med Wschr 1994;136 Suppl 1:s7-s11.
• Bourin M, Bougerol T, Guitton B, Broutin E. A combination of plant extracts in the treatment of outpatients with adjustment disorder with anxious mood: controlled study vs placebo. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 1997;11:127-32.
• Chang Q, Zuo Z, Harrison F, Chow MS. Hawthorn. J Clin Pharmacol 2002;42:605-12.
• Chatterjee SS, Koch E, Jaggy H, and et al. [In vitro and in vivo studies on the cardioprotective action of oligomeric procyanidins in a Crataegus extract of leaves and blooms]. Arzneimittelforschung 1997;79:821-825.
• Csupor D, Viczián R, Lantos T, et al. The combination of hawthorn extract and camphor significantly increases blood pressure: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Phytomedicine. 2019 Oct;63:152984.
• Dalli E, Colomer E, Tormos MC, et al. Crataegus laevigata decreases neutrophil elastase and has hypolipidemic effect: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytomedicine. 6-15-2011;18:769-75.
• Dalli, E., Valles, J., Cosin-Sales, J., Santos, M. T., Moscardo, A., Milara, J., and Sotillo, J. F. Effects of hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata) on platelet aggregation in healthy volunteers. Thromb.Res 2011;128(4):398-400.
• Daniele C, Mazzanti G, Pittler MH, et al. Adverse-event profile of Crataegus spp.: a systematic review. Drug Saf 2006;29:523-35.
• Degenring FH, Suter A, Weber M, Saller R. A randomised double blind placebo controlled clinical trial of a standardised extract of fresh Crataegus berries (Crataegisan) in the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure NYHA II. Phytomedicine 2003;10:363-9.
• Eichstadt, H., Stork, T., Mockel, M., and et al. Effectiveness of and tolerance to Crataegus extract WS 1442 in patients with heart insufficiency and reduced left ventricular function. Perfusion 2001;14:212-217.
• Erfurt L, Schandry R, Rubenbauer S, Braun U. The effects of repeated administration of camphor-crataegus berry extract combination on blood pressure and on attentional performance- a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Phytomedicine. 2014;21(11):1349-55.
• Forster A, Forster K, Buhring M, and et al. Crataegus bei massig reduzierter linksventrikularer Auswurffraktion. Ergospirometrische Verlaufsuntersuchung bei 72 Patienten in doppel-blindem Vergleich mit Plazebo. [Crataegus for moderately reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Ergospirometric monitoring study with 72 patients in a double-blind comparison with placebo]. Munch Med Wschr 1994;136(suppl 1):s21-s26.
• Forster A, Forster K, Buhring M, et al. Crataegus bei massig reduzierter linksventrikularer Auswurffraktion. Ergospirometrische Verlaufsuntersuchung bei 72 Patienten in doppel-blindem Vergleich mit Plazebo. [Crataegus for moderately reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Ergospirometric monitoring study with 72 patients in a double-blind comparison with placebo]. Munch Med Wschr 1994;136:s21-s26.
• Furey, A. and Tassell, M. Towards a systematic scientific approach in the assessment of efficacy of an herbal preparation: Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.). Eur J Heart Fail. 2008;10(12):1153-1157.
• Hanack T and Bruckel MH. [The treatment of mild stable forms of angina pectoris using Crategutt novo]. Therapiewoche 1983;33:4331-4333.
• Hanus M, Lafon J, Mathieu M. Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fixed combination containing two plant extracts (Crataegus oxyacantha and Eschscholtzia californica) and magnesium in mild-to-moderate anxiety disorders. Curr Med Res Opin 2004;20:63-71.
• Hempel, B., Kroll, M., and Schneider, B. [Efficacy and safety of a herbal drug containing hawthorn berries and D-camphor in hypotension and orthostatic circulatory disorders/results of a retrospective epidemiologic cohort study]. Arzneimittelforschung 2005;55(8):443-450.
• Holubarsch CJ, Colucci WS, Meinertz T, et al. The efficacy and safety of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in patients with heart failure: the SPICE trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:1255-63.
• Holubarsch, C. J., Colucci, W. S., Meinertz, T., Gaus, W., and Tendera, M. Survival and prognosis: investigation of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in congestive heart failure (SPICE)–rationale, study design and study protocol. Eur J Heart Fail. 2000;2(4):431-437.
• Horoz, M., Gok, E., Genctoy, G., Ozcan, T., Olmaz, R., Akca, M., Kiykim, A., and Gurses, I. Crataegus orientalis associated multiorgan hypersensitivity reaction and acute renal failure. Intern.Med 2008;47(23):2039-2042.
• Islam, J., Uretsky, B. F., and Sierpina, V. S. Heart failure improvement with CoQ10, Hawthorn, and magnesium in a patient scheduled for cardiac resynchronization-defibrillator therapy: a case study. Explore.(NY) 2006;2(4):339-341.
• Iwamoto M, Sato T, Ishizaki T. [The clinical effect of Crataegus in heart disease of ischemic or hypertensive origin. A multicenter double-blind study]. Planta Med 1981;42:1-16.
• Jouad H, Lemhadri A, Maghrani M, et al. Hawthorn evokes a potent anti-hyperglycemic capacity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy 2003;3:19-29.
• Koller, M., Lorenz, W., Aubke, W., Jensen, A., Gerlach, F. M., Kuhl, J., Pfeil, T., Regitz-Zagrosek, V., Rusche, H., and Rychlik, R. [Crataegus special extract WS 1442 in the treatment of early stages of CHD-associated heart failure]. MMW Fortschr Med 2-9-2006;148(6):42.
• Kroll, M., Ring, C., Gaus, W., and Hempel, B. A randomized trial of Korodin Herz-Kreislauf-Tropfen as add-on treatment in older patients with orthostatic hypotension. Phytomedicine 2005;12(6-7):395-402.
• Leuchtgens H. [Crataegus Special Extract WS 1442 in NYHA II heart failure. A placebo controlled randomized double-blind study]. Fortschr Med 1993;111:352-4.
• Liu S, You L, Zhao Y, Chang X. Hawthorn Polyphenol Extract Inhibits UVB-Induced Skin Photoaging by Regulating MMP Expression and Type I Procollagen Production in Mice. J Agric Food Chem. 2018;66(32):8537-8546.
• Liu, P., Konstam, M. A., and Force, T. Highlights of the 2004 scientific sessions of the Heart Failure Society of America, Toronto, Canada, September 12 to 15, 2004. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2005;45(617):625.
• Loew D, Albrecht M, and Podzuweit H. Efficacy and tolerability of a Hawthorn preparation in patients with heart failure Stage I and II according to NYHA – a surveillance study. Phytomedicine 1996;3(Suppl 1):92.
• Maek-a-nantawat W, Phonrat B, Dhitavat J, et al. Safety and efficacy of CKBM-A01, a Chinese herbal medicine, among asymptomatic HIV patients. Southeast Asian J Trop.Med Public Health 2009;40:494-501.
• Mahmood, Z. A., Sualeh, M., Mahmood, S. B., and Karim, M. A. Herbal treatment for cardiovascular disease the evidence based therapy. Pak J Pharm Sci 2010;23(1):119-124.
• Min, B. S., Kim, Y. H., Lee, S. M., Jung, H. J., Lee, J. S., Na, M. K., Lee, C. O., Lee, J. P., and Bae, K. Cytotoxic triterpenes from Crataegus pinnatifida. Arch Pharm Res 2000;23(2):155-158.
• Moon, H. I., Kim, T. I., Cho, H. S., and Kim, E. K. Identification of potential and selective collagenase, gelatinase inhibitors from Crataegus pinnatifida. Bioorg.Med Chem Lett. 2-1-2010;20(3):991-993.
• Niederseer D, Ledl-Kurkowski E, Kvita K, Funk P, Niebauer J. Safety and effects of Crataegus extract WS 1442 and Nordic walking on lipid profile and endothelial function: A randomized, partially blinded pilot study in overweight volunteers. Acta Clin Croat. 2019;58(4):604-614.
• O’Conolly M, Bernhoft G, and Bartsch G. [Treatment of stenocardia (Angina pectoris) pain in advanced age patients with multi-morbidity]. Therapiewoche 1987;37:3587-3600.
• O’Conolly M, Jansen W, Bernhoft G, and et al. [Treatment of decreasing cardiac performance. Therapy using standardized crataegus extract in advanced age]. Fortschr Med 11-13-1986;104(42):805-808.
• Pahlavan S, Tousi MS, Ayyari M, et al. Effects of hawthorn ( Crataegus pentagyna) leaf extract on electrophysiologic properties of cardiomyocytes derived from human cardiac arrhythmia-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. FASEB J. 2018 Mar;32(3):1440-1451.
• Pittler MH, Guo R, and Ernst E. Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure. Cochrane.Database.Syst Rev 2008:CD005312.
• Pittler MH, Schmidt K, Ernst E. Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Med 2003;114:665-74.
• Rababa’h AM, Altarabsheh SE, Haddad O, Deo SV, Obeidat Y, Al-Azzam S. Hawthorn Herb Increases the Risk of Bleeding after Cardiac Surgery: An Evidence-Based Approach. Heart Surg Forum 2016;19(4):E175-9.
• Rakotoarison DA, Gressier B, Trotin F, and et al. Antioxidant activities of polyphenolic extracts from flowers, in vitro callus and cell suspension cultures of Crataegus monogyna. Pharmazie 1997;52(1):60-64.
• Rasmussen, P. Hawthorn–Crataegus monogyna (common hawthorn) or Crataegus laevigata (midland hawthorn; Crataegus oxyacantha); also known as haw, thornapple, maythorn, whitethorn. J Prim.Health Care 2011;3(1):63-64.
• Raudonis, R., Jakstas, V., Burdulis, D., Benetis, R., and Janulis, V. Investigation of contribution of individual constituents to antioxidant activity in herbal drugs using postcolumn HPLC method. Medicina (Kaunas.) 2009;45(5):382-394.
• Rechcinski, T. and Kurpesa, M. [Oligomeric procyanidins from hawthorn extract as supplementary therapy in patients with left ventricle systolic dysfunction]. Przegl.Lek. 2005;62(4):243-244.
• Rogers KL, Grice ID, Griffiths LR. Inhibition of platelet aggregation and 5-HT release by extracts of Australian plants used traditionally as headache treatments. Eur J Pharm Sci 2000;9(4):355-63.
• Rogov VD. [Toxiderma due to the fruits of the hawthorn]. Vestn Dermatol Venerol 1984;7(7):46-47.
• Saenz MT, Ahumada MC, and Garcia MD. Extracts from Viscum and Crataegus are cytotoxic against larynx cancer cells. Z Naturforsch 1997;52c:42-44.
• Schmidt U, Kuhn U, Ploch M, and et al. Efficacy of hawthorn (crataegus) preparation LI 132 in 78 patients with chronic congestive heart failure defined as NYHA functional class II. Phytomedicine 1994;1:17-24.
• Schmidt U, Kuhn U, Ploch M, and et al. Efficacy of the hawthorn extract LI 132 (600mg/d) during eight weeks’ treatment. Placebo-controlled double-blind trial with 78 NYHA stage II heart failure patients. Munch Med Wochenschr 1994;136(suppl 1):s13-s19.
• Schmidt U, Kuhn U, Ploch M, Hubner WD. Efficacy of the Hawthorne (Crataegus) Preparation LI 132 in 78 patients with chronic congestive heart failure defined as NYHA functional class II. Phytomedicine 1994;1:17-24.
• Schmidt, U., Albrecht, M., and Schmidt, S. [Effects of an herbal crataegus-camphor combination on the symptoms of cardiovascular diseases]. Arzneimittelforschung 2000;50(7):613-619.
• Schroder, D., Weiser, M., and Klein, P. Efficacy of a homeopathic Crataegus preparation compared with usual therapy for mild (NYHA II) cardiac insufficiency: results of an observational cohort study. Eur.J.Heart Fail. 2003;5(3):319-326.
• Schwinger RH, Pietsch M, Frank K, Brixius K. Crataegus special extract WS 1442 increases force of contraction in human myocardium cAMP-independently. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2000;35:700-7.
• Shatoor AS, Soliman H, Al-Hashem F, Gamal BE, Othman A, El-Menshaw N. Effect of hawthorn (Crataegus aronia syn. Azarolus (L)) on platelet function in albino wistar rats. Thromb Res 2012;130(1):75-80.
• Shi KQ, Fan YC, Liu WY, et al. Traditional Chinese medicines benefit to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol.Biol Rep. 2012;39:9715-22.
• Tankanow R, Tamer HR, Streetman DS, et al. Interaction study between digoxin and a preparation of hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha). J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2003;43:637-42.
• Tauchert M, Ploch M, and Hubner WD. Effectiveness of hawthorn extract LI 132 compared with the ACE inhibitor Captopril: Multicenter double-blind study with 132 NYHA Stage II. Munch Med Wochenschr 1994;136(suppl. 1):S27-S33.
• Tauchert M, Ploch M, and Hubner WD. Effectiveness of hawthorn extract LI 132 compared with the ACE inhibitor Captopril: Multicenter double-blind study with 132 NYHA Stage II. Munch Med Wochenschr 1994;136:S27-S33.
• Tauchert M. Efficacy and safety of crataegus extract WS 1442 in comparison with placebo in patients with chronic stable New York Heart Association class-III heart failure. Am Heart J 2002;143:910-5.
• Tauchert, M., Gildor, A., and Lipinski, J. [High-dose Crataegus extract WS 1442 in the treatment of NYHA stage II heart failure]. Herz 1999;24(6):465-474.
• Trexler SE, Nguyen E, Gromek SM, Balunas MJ, Baker WL. Electrocardiographic effects of hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) in healthy volunteers: A randomized controlled trial. Phytother Res. 2018;32(8):1642-1646.
• Ventura P, Girola M, and Lattuada V. [Clinical evaluation and tolerability of a drug with garlic and hawthorn]. Acta Toxicol Ther 1990;11(4):365-372.
• Vibes J, Lasserre B, Gleye J, Declume C. Inhibition of thromboxane A2 biosynthesis in vitro by the main components of Crataegus oxyacantha (hawthorn) flower heads. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1994;50(4):173-5.
• Von Eiff M, Brunner H, Haegeli A, and et al. Hawthorn/passion flower extract and improvement in physical exercise capacity of patients with dyspnoea class II of the NYHA functional classification. Acta Therapeutica 1994;20:47-66.
• Von Holubarsch, CJ, Niestroj M, Wassmer A, et al. [Hawthorn extract WS 1442 in the treatment of patients with heart failure and LVEF of 25%-35%]. MMW.Fortschr.Med 7-1-2010;152:56-61.
• Walker AF, Marakis G, Simpson E, et al. Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Gen.Pract 2006;56:437-43.
• Weihmayr T and Ernst E. [Therapeutic effectiveness of Crataegus]. Fortschr Med 1-20-1996;114(1-2):27-29.
• Weikl A and Noh HS. The influence of Crataegus on global cardiac insufficiency. Herz Gefabe 1993;11:516-524.
• Weikl A, Assmus KD, Neukum-Schmidt A, et al. [Crataegus Special Extract WS 1442. Assessment of objective effectiveness in patients with heart failure (NYHA II)]. Fortschr Med 1996;114:291-6.
• Weng WL, Zhang WQ, Liu FZ, and et al. Therapeutic effect of Crataegus pinnatifida on 46 cases of angina pectoris–a double blind study. J Tradit Chin Med 1984;4:293-94.
• Werner NS, Duschek S, and Schandry R. D-camphor-crataegus berry extract combination increases blood pressure and cognitive functioning in the elderly – a randomized, placebo controlled double blind study. Phytomedicine. 2009;16:1077-82.
• Wu M, Yang S, Liu G, et al. Treating unstable angina with detoxifying and blood-activating formulae: a randomized controlled trial. J Ethnopharmacol 2021;281:114530.
• Zand J, Lanza F, Garg HK, Bryan NS. All-natural nitrite and nitrate containing dietary supplement promotes nitric oxide production and reduces triglycerides in humans. Nutr Res 2011;31(4):262-9.
• Zapfe jun G. Clinical efficacy of crataegus extract WS 1442 in congestive heart failure NYHA cass II. Phytomedicine 2001;8:262-6.
• Zhou, C. C., Huang, X. X., Gao, P. Y., et al. Two new compounds from Crataegus pinnatifida and their antithrombotic activities. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2014;16(2):169-74.
• Zick, S. M., Gillespie, B., Aaronson, K. D. The effect of Crataegus oxycantha Special Extract WS 1442 on clinical progression in patients with mild to moderate symptoms of heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:587-93.
• Zick, S. M., Vautaw, B. M., Gillespie, B., Aaronson, K. D. Hawthorn Extract Randomized Blinded Chronic Heart Failure (HERB CHF) trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11:990-99.
• Zick, S. M., Blume, A., and Aaronson, K. D. The prevalence and pattern of complementary and alternative supplement use in individuals with chronic heart failure. J Card Fail. 2005;11(8):586-589.
• Zumdick, S., Deters, A., and Hensel, A. In vitro intestinal transport of oligomeric procyanidins (DP 2 to 4) across monolayers of Caco-2 cells. Fitoterapia 2012;83(7):1210-1217.

Nettle

• Anon. Quercetin. Alt Med Rev 1998;3:140-3.
• Bakhshaee M, Mohammadpour AH, Esmaeili M, et al. Efficacy of a supportive therapy of allergic rhinitis by stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) root extract: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. IJPR 2017;16(Special Issue):112-118.
• Balzarini, J., Neyts, J., Schols, D., Hosoya, M., Van Damme, E., Peumans, W., and De Clercq, E. The mannose-specific plant lectins from Cymbidium hybrid and Epipactis helleborine and the (N-acetylglucosamine)n-specific plant lectin from Urtica dioica are potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus replication in vitro. Antiviral Res 1992;18(2):191-207.
• Baykul, T., Alanoglu, E. G., and Kocer, G. Use of Ankaferd Blood Stopper as a hemostatic agent: a clinical experience. J Contemp Dent Pract 2010;11(1):E088-E094.
• Bercovich, E. and Saccomanni, M. Analysis of the results obtained with a new phytotherapeutic association for LUTS versus control. [corrected]. Urologia. 2010;77(3):180-186.
• Beyazit, Y., Kurt, M., Kekilli, M., Goker, H., and Haznedaroglu, I. C. Evaluation of hemostatic effects of Ankaferd as an alternative medicine. Altern.Med.Rev. 2010;15(4):329-336.
• Bombardelli E and Morazzoni P. Urtica dioica L. Fitoterapia 1997;68(5):387-402.
• Cabeza M, Bratoeff E, Heuze I, et al. Effect of beta-sitosterol as inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase in hamster prostate. Proc West Pharmacol Soc 2003;46:153-5.
• Cai, T., Mazzoli, S., Bechi, A., Addonisio, P., Mondaini, N., Pagliai, R. C., and Bartoletti, R. Serenoa repens associated with Urtica dioica (ProstaMEV) and curcumin and quercitin (FlogMEV) extracts are able to improve the efficacy of prulifloxacin in bacterial prostatitis patients: results from a prospective randomised study. Int.J Antimicrob.Agents 2009;33(6):549-553.
• Caliskaner Z, Karaayvaz M, Ozturk S. Misuse of a herb: stinging nettle (Urtica urens) induced severe tongue oedema. Complement Ther Med 2004;12:57-8.
• Christensen, R. and Bliddal, H. Is Phytalgic(R) a goldmine for osteoarthritis patients or is there something fishy about this nutraceutical? A summary of findings and risk-of-bias assessment. Arthritis Res.Ther. 2010;12(1):105.
• Chrubasik S, Enderlein W, Bauer R, and Grabner W. Evidence for antirheumatic effectiveness of Herba Urticae dioicae in acute arthritis: A pilot study. Phytomedicine 1997;4(2):105-108.
• Chrubasik, J. E., Roufogalis, B. D., Wagner, H., and Chrubasik, S. A comprehensive review on the stinging nettle effect and efficacy profiles. Part II: urticae radix. Phytomedicine. 2007;14(7-8):568-579.
• Chrubasik, J. E., Roufogalis, B. D., Wagner, H., and Chrubasik, S. A. A comprehensive review on nettle effect and efficacy profiles, Part I: herba urticae. Phytomedicine. 2007;14(6):423-435.
• Czarnetzki, B. M., Thiele, T., and Rosenbach, T. Immunoreactive leukotrienes in nettle plants (Urtica urens). Int Arch Allergy Appl.Immunol. 1990;91(1):43-46.
• Dathe G and Schmid H. [Phytotherapy of the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Double-blind study with an extract of Radicus Urticae (ERU)]. Urologe B 1987;27:223-226.
• Durak I, Biri H, Devrim E, et al. Aqueous extract of Urtica dioica makes significant inhibition on adenosine deaminase activity in prostate tissue from patients with prostate cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2004;3:855-7.
• Easton L, Vaid S, Nagel AK, Venci JV, Fortuna RJ. Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica): An Unusual Case of Galactorrhea. Am J Case Rep 2021;22:e933999.
• Engelmann U, Boos G, and Kres H. [Therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia with Bazoton liquidum]. Urologe B 1996;36:287-291.
• Eyi, E. G., Engin-Ustun, Y., Kaba, M., and Mollamahmutoglu, L. Ankaferd blood stopper in episiotomy repair. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2013;40(1):141-143.
• Farzami B, Ahmadvand D, Vardasbi S, Majin FJ, Khaghani Sh. Induction of insulin secretion by a component of Urtica dioica leave extract in perifused Islets of Langerhans and its in vivo effects in normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003;89(1):47-53.
• Fischer M and Wilbert D. [Efficacy testing of a phytopharmacon in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)]. In: Rutishauser G. Benigne Prostatahyperplasie. Munchen: Zuckerscherdt;1992.
• Francois, K. O., Auwerx, J., Schols, D., and Balzarini, J. Simian immunodeficiency virus is susceptible to inhibition by carbohydrate-binding agents in a manner similar to that of HIV: implications for further preclinical drug development. Mol.Pharmacol. 2008;74(2):330-337.
• Gansser D and Spiteller G. Aromatase inhibitors from Urtica dioica roots. Planta Medica 1995;61:138-140.
• Goetz P. [Treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia with nettle roots]. Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie 1989;10:175-178.
• Hallwachs, O. [Urination disorders caused by prostatic hyperplasia. Effect of Bazoton, Harzol and Prosta-capsules]. MMW.Munch.Med Wochenschr. 10-30-1981;123(44):1675-1676.
• Hartmann RW, Mark M, and Soldati F. Inhibition of a 5 a-reductase and aromatase by PHL-00801 (Prostatonin®), a combination of PY102 (Pygeum africanum) and UR 102 (Urtica dioica) extracts. Phytomedicine 1996;3(2):121-128.
• Hill, N., Stam, C., and van Haselen, R. A. The efficacy of Prrrikweg gel in the treatment of insect bites: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Pharm World Sci 1996;18(1):35-41.
• Hill, N., Stam, C., Tuinder, S., and van Haselen, R. A. A placebo controlled clinical trial investigating the efficacy of a homeopathic after-bite gel in reducing mosquito bite induced erythema. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1995;49(1-2):103-108.
• Hirano, T., Homma, M., and Oka, K. Effects of stinging nettle root extracts and their steroidal components on the Na+,K(+)-ATPase of the benign prostatic hyperplasia. Planta Med 1994;60(1):30-33.
• Hryb, D. J., Khan, M. S., Romas, N. A., and Rosner, W. The effect of extracts of the roots of the stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) on the interaction of SHBG with its receptor on human prostatic membranes. Planta Med 1995;61(1):31-32.
• Huber, R., Bross, F., Schempp, C., and Grundemann, C. Arnica and stinging nettle for treating burns – a self-experiment. Complement Ther.Med. 2011;19(5):276-280.
• Jacquet, A., Girodet, P. O., Pariente, A., Forest, K., Mallet, L., and Moore, N. Phytalgic, a food supplement, vs placebo in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arthritis Res.Ther. 2009;11(6):R192.
• Kassen A, Berges R, Senge T, et al. Effect of beta-sitosterol on transforming growth factor-beta-1 expression and translocation protein kinase C alpha in human prostate stromal cells in vitro. Eur Urol 2000;37:735-41.
• Khalili N, Fereydoonzadeh R, Mohtashami R, Mehrzadi S, Heydari M, Huseini F. Silymarin, Olibanum, and Nettle, a mixed herbal formulation in the treatment of Type II Diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017 Oct;22(4):603-608.
• Khosravi MH, Atefi A, Mehri A, et al. Therapeutic effects of Rosa canina, Urtica dioica and Tanacetum vulgare herbal combination in treatment of tinnitus symptoms: A double-blind randomised clinical trial. Clin Otolaryngol 2022.
• Kianbakht S, Khalighi-Sigaroodi F, Dabaghian FH. Improved glycemic control in patients with advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus taking Urtica dioica leaf extract: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clin. Lab. 2013;59:1071-1076.
• Klingelhoefer, S., Obertreis, B., Quast, S., and Behnke, B. Antirheumatic effect of IDS 23, a stinging nettle leaf extract, on in vitro expression of T helper cytokines. J Rheumatol. 1999;26(12):2517-2522.
• Koch, E. Extracts from Fruits of Saw Palmetto (Sabal serrulata) and Roots of Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica): Viable Alternatives in the Medical Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Associated Lower Urinary Tracts Symptoms. Planta Med 2001;67(6):489-500.
• Konieczynski, P. and Wesolowski, M. Water-extractable magnesium, manganese and copper in leaves and herbs of medicinal plants. Acta Pol.Pharm. 2012;69(1):33-39.
• Konrad L, Muller HH, Lenz C, et al. Antiproliferative effect on human prostate cancer cells by a stinging nettle root (Urtica dioica) extract. Planta Med 2000;66:44-7.
• Kraus R, Spiteller G, and Bartsch W. [(10E,12Z)-9-Hydroxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid, an aromatase inhibitor from roots of Urtica dioica]. Liebigs Ann Chem 1991;335-339.
• Krystofova O, Adam V, Babula P, et al. Effects of Various Doses of Selenite on Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica L.). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010 Oct;7(10):3804-15.
• Krzeski, T., Kazon, M., Borkowski, A., Witeska, A., and Kuczera, J. Combined extracts of Urtica dioica and Pygeum africanum in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: double-blind comparison of two doses. Clin Ther 1993;15(6):1011-1020.
• Kulze, A. and Greaves, M. Contact urticaria caused by stinging nettles. Br.J Dermatol. 1988;119(2):269-270.
• Lichius J. J., Muth C. The inhibiting effects of Urtica dioica root extracts on experimentally induced prostatic hyperplasia in the mouse. Planta Med 1997;63:307-10.
• Lichius, J. J., Lenz, C., Lindemann, P., Muller, H. H., Aumuller, G., and Konrad, L. Antiproliferative effect of a polysaccharide fraction of a 20% methanolic extract of stinging nettle roots upon epithelial cells of the human prostate (LNCaP). Pharmazie 1999;54(10):768-771.
• Lopatkin N, Sivkov A, Walther C, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of a combination of sabal and urtica extract for lower urinary tract symptoms–a placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial. World J Urol 2005;23:139-46.
• Lopatkin, N. A., Sivkov, A. V., Medvedev, A. A., Walter, K., Schlefke, S., Avdeichuk, IuI, Golubev, G. V., Mel’nik, K. P., Elenberger, N. A., and Engelman, U. [Combined extract of Sabal palm and nettle in the treatment of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms in double blind, placebo-controlled trial]. Urologiia. 2006;(2):12, 14-12, 19.
• Lopatkin, N. A., Sivkov, A. V., Schlafke, S., Funk, P., Medvedev, A., and Engelmann, U. Efficacy and safety of a combination of Sabal and Urtica extract in lower urinary tract symptoms–long-term follow-up of a placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial. Int.Urol.Nephrol. 2007;39(4):1137-1146.
• Luczaj, L. and Szymanski, W. M. Wild vascular plants gathered for consumption in the Polish countryside: a review. J.Ethnobiol.Ethnomed. 2007;3:17.
• Maor D, Little M. Skin contact with a stinging tree requiring intensive care unit admission. Contact Dermatitis. 2017 Nov;77(5):335-37.
• Marks L, Partin AW, Epstein JI, et al. Effects of a saw palmetto herbal blend in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol 2000;163:1451-6.
• Men C, Wang M, Aiyireti M, Cui Y. The efficacy and safety of Urtica dioica in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Afr J Tradit Complement Alt Med 2016;13(2):143-50.
• Mills S, Bone K. Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy. London: Churchill Livingstone, 2000.
• Mittman P. Randomized, double-blind study of freeze-dried Urtica dioica in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Planta Med 1990;56:44-7.
• More M, Gruenwald J, Pohl U, Uebelhack R. A Rosa canina – Urtica dioica – Harpagophytum procumbens/zeyheri combination significantly reduces gonarthritis symptoms in a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study. Planta Med. 2017 Dec;83(18):1384-91.
• Najafipour F, Rahimi AO, Mobaseri M, Agamohamadzadeh N, Nikoo A, Aliasgharzadeh A. Therapeutic effects of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) in women with hyperandrogenism. Int J Curr Res Aca Rev. 2014;2(7):153-160.
• Namazi, N., Esfanjani, A. T., Heshmati, J., and Bahrami, A. The effect of hydro alcoholic Nettle (Urtica dioica) extracts on insulin sensitivity and some inflammatory indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind control trial. Pak.J.Biol.Sci. 8-1-2011;14(15):775-779.
• Obertreis, B., Ruttkowski, T., Teucher, T., Behnke, B., and Schmitz, H. Ex-vivo in-vitro inhibition of lipopolysaccharide stimulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta secretion in human whole blood by extractum urticae dioicae foliorum. Arzneimittelforschung 1996;46(4):389-394.
• Oliver, F., Amon, E. U., Breathnach, A., Francis, D. M., Sarathchandra, P., Black, A. K., and Greaves, M. W. Contact urticaria due to the common stinging nettle (Urtica dioica)– histological, ultrastructural and pharmacological studies. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1991;16(1):1-7.
• Onal S, Timur S, Okutucu B, Zihnioglu F. Inhibition of alpha-glucosidase by aqueous extracts of some potent antidiabetic medicinal herbs. Prep Biochem Biotechnol. 2005;35(1):29-36.
• Patten G. Medicinal plant review: Urtica. Aust J Med Herbalism 1993;5(1):5-13.
• Pavone, C., Abbadessa, D., Tarantino, M. L., Oxenius, I., Lagana, A., Lupo, A., and Rinella, M. [Associating Serenoa repens, Urtica dioica and Pinus pinaster. Safety and efficacy in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms. Prospective study on 320 patients]. Urologia. 2010;77(1):43-51.
• Purnak, T., Ozaslan, E., Beyazit, Y., and Haznedaroglu, I. C. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient with defective hemostasis successfully treated with ankaferd blood stopper. Phytother.Res. 2011;25(2):312-313.
• Randall C, Randall H, Dobbs F, et al. Randomized controlled trial of nettle sting for treatment of base-of-thumb pain. J R Soc Med 2000;93:305-9.
• Randall, C. F. Stinging nettles for osteoarthritis pain of the hip. Br.J Gen.Pract. 1994;44(388):533-534.
• Randall, C., Dickens, A., White, A., Sanders, H., Fox, M., and Campbell, J. Nettle sting for chronic knee pain: a randomised controlled pilot study. Complement Ther.Med. 2008;16(2):66-72.
• Randall, C., Meethan, K., Randall, H., and Dobbs, F. Nettle sting of Urtica dioica for joint pain–an exploratory study of this complementary therapy. Complement Ther Med 1999;7(3):126-131.
• Rau O, Wurglics M, Dingermann T, Abdel-Tawab M, Schubert-Zsilavecz M. Screening of herbal extracts for activation of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. Pharmazie. 2006;61(11):952-6.
• Rayburn, K., Fleischbein, E., Song, J., Allen, B., Kundert, M., Leiter, C., and Bush, T. Stinging nettle cream for osteoarthritis. Altern.Ther.Health Med. 2009;15(4):60-61.
• Rhodes, L., Primka, R. L., Berman, C., Vergult, G., Gabriel, M., Pierre-Malice, M., and Gibelin, B. Comparison of finasteride (Proscar), a 5 alpha reductase inhibitor, and various commercial plant extracts in in vitro and in vivo 5 alpha reductase inhibition. Prostate 1993;22(1):43-51.
• Riehemann, K., Behnke, B., and Schulze-Osthoff, K. Plant extracts from stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), an antirheumatic remedy, inhibit the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-kB. FEBS Lett 1-8-1999;442(1):89-94.
• Safarinejad, M. R. Urtica dioica for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. J.Herb.Pharmacother. 2005;5(4):1-11.
• Sahin, M., Yilmaz, H., Gursoy, A., Demirel, A. N., Tutuncu, N. B., and Guvener, N. D. Gynaecomastia in a man and hyperoestrogenism in a woman due to ingestion of nettle (Urtica dioica). N.Z.Med.J. 2007;120(1265):U2803.
• Schneider H, Honold E, and Masuhr T. Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with a combination plant preparation. Results of an observational study of sabal extract WS 1473 and Urtica extract WS 1031 in the offices of urologists. Fortschr Med 1995;113(3):37-40.
• Schneider, T. and Rubben, H. [Stinging nettle root extract (Bazoton-uno) in long term treatment of benign prostatic syndrome (BPS). Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled multicenter study after 12 months]. Urologe A 2004;43(3):302-306.
• Schottner M, Gansser D, Spiteller G, et al. Lignans from the roots of Urtica dioica and their metabolites bind to human sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Planta Med 1997;63:529-32.
• Schöttner M, Spiteller G, Gansser D. Lignans Interfering with 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone binding to human sex hormone-binding globulin. J Nat Prod. 1998;61(1):119-21.
• Simões-Pires CA, Hmicha B, Marston A, Hostettmann K. A TLC bioautographic method for the detection of alpha- and beta-glucosidase inhibitors in plant extracts. Phytochem Anal. 2009;20(6):511-5.
• Sokeland J, Albrecht J. [Combination of Sabal and Urtica extract vs. finasteride in benign prostatic hyperplasia (Aiken stages I to II). Comparison of therapeutic effectiveness in a one year double-blind study]. Urologe A 1997;36:327-33.
• Sokeland J. Combined sabal and urtica extract compared with finasteride in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: analysis of prostate volume and therapeutic outcome. BJU Int 2000;86:439-42.
• Tabrizi R, Sekhavati E, Nowrouzi-Sohrabi P, et al. Effects of Urtica dioica on Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022;22(3):550-563.
• Tahri, A., Yamani, S., Legssyer, A., Aziz, M., Mekhfi, H., Bnouham, M., and Ziyyat, A. Acute diuretic, natriuretic and hypotensive effects of a continuous perfusion of aqueous extract of Urtica dioica in the rat. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;73(1-2):95-100.
• Van der Weijden, G. A., Timmer, C. J., Timmerman, M. F., Reijerse, E., Mantel, M. S., and van, der, V. The effect of herbal extracts in an experimental mouthrinse on established plaque and gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol. 1998;25(5):399-403.
• Van Parijs J, Broekaert WF, and Peumans WJ. Urtica dioica agglutinin: a plant lectin with antifungal properties. Archives Internationales de Physiologie et de Biochimie 1988;96(1):31.
• Vontobel HP, Herzog R, Rutishauser G, Kres H. [Results of a double-blind study on the effectiveness of ERU (extractum radicis Urticae) capsules in conservative treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia]. (Abstract). Urologe A 1985;24:49-51.
• Wagner H, Geiger WN, Boos G, and et al. Studies on the binding of Urtica dioica agglutinin (UDA) and other lectins in an in vitro epidermal growth factor receptor test. Phytomedicine 1995;4:287-290.
• Wagner H, Willer F, Samtleben R, and et al. Search for the antiprostatic principle of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) roots. Phytomedicine 1994;1:213-224.
• Younger J, Donovan EK, Hodgin KS, Ness TJ. A placebo-controlled, pseudo-randomized, crossover trial of botanical agents for Gulf war illness: Reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum), stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), and Epimedium (Epimedium sagittatum). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18(7):3671.
• Ziaei R, Foshati S, Hadi A, et al. The effect of nettle (Urtica dioica) supplementation on the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2020;34(2):282-94.

Peppermint

• Akbari F, Rezaei M, Khatony A. Effect of peppermint essence on the pain and anxiety caused by intravenous catheterization in cardiac patients: A randomized controlled trial. J Pain Res. 2019;12:2933-2939.
• Akdogan M, Ozguner M, Aydin G, Gokalp O. Investigation of biochemical and histopathological effects of Mentha piperita Labiatae and Mentha spicata Labiatae on liver tissue in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2004;23:21-8
• Akdogan M, Ozguner M, Kocak A, et al. Effects of peppermint teas on plasma testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone levels and testicular tissue in rats. Urology 2004;64:394-8.
• Akdogan, M., Gultekin, F., and Yontem, M. Effect of Mentha piperita (Labiatae) and Mentha spicata (Labiatae) on iron absorption in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2004;20(6-10):119-122.
• Anderson LA, Gross JB. Aromatherapy with peppermint, isopropyl alcohol, or placebo is equally effective in relieving postoperative nausea. J Perianesth Nurs 2004;19:29-35.
• Ardakani MT, Ghassemi S, Mehdizadeh M, et al. Evaluating the effect of Matricaria recutita and Mentha piperita herbal mouthwash on management of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2016;29:29-34.
• Barker, S., Grayhem, P., Koon, J., Perkins, J., Whalen, A., and Raudenbush, B. Improved performance on clerical tasks associated with administration of peppermint odor. Percept Mot Skills 2003;97(3 Pt 1):1007-1010.
• Bayat R, Borici-Mazi R. A case of anaphylaxis to peppermint. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2014;10(1):6.
• Begas E, Tsioutsiouliti A, Kouvaras E, et al. Effects of peppermint tea consumption on the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, Xanthine Oxidase, N-acetyltranferase-2 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases-1A1/1A6 in healthy volunteers. Food Chem Toxicol 2017;100:80-9.
• Borhani, Haghighi A., Motazedian, S., Rezaii, R., Mohammadi, F., Salarian, L., Pourmokhtari, M., Khodaei, S., Vossoughi, M., and Miri, R. Cutaneous application of menthol 10% solution as an abortive treatment of migraine without aura: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossed-over study. Int J Clin Pract 2010;64(4):451-456.
• Chang, F. Y. and Lu, C. L. The clinical significances of irritable bowel syndrome in Taiwan. J Gastroenterol.Hepatol. 2011;26 Suppl 3:102-105.
• Chang, F. Y. and Lu, C. L. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome using complementary and alternative medicine. J Chin Med.Assoc. 2009;72(6):294-300.
• Cohen, B. M. and Dressler, W. E. Acute aromatics inhalation modifies the airways. Effects of the common cold. Respiration 1982;43(4):285-293.
• Dorman, H. J., Kosar, M., Baser, K. H., and Hiltunen, R. Phenolic profile and antioxidant evaluation of Mentha x piperita L. (peppermint) extracts. Nat Prod Commun. 2009;4(4):535-542.
• Duband, F., Carnat, A. P., Carnat, A., Petitjean-Freytet, C., Clair, G., and Lamaison, J. L. [Aromatic and polyphenolic composition of infused peppermint, Mentha x piperita L.]. Ann.Pharm Fr. 1992;50(3):146-155.
• Ebbinghaus K D. A ‘tea’ containing various plant products as adjuvant to chemotherapy of urinary tract infections. Therapiewoche 1985;35:2041-2051.
• Eccles, R. and Jones, A. S. The effect of menthol on nasal resistance to air flow. J Laryngol Otol 1983;97(8):705-709.
• Eccles, R., Griffiths, D. H., Newton, C. G., and Tolley, N. S. The effects of D and L isomers of menthol upon nasal sensation of airflow. J Laryngol Otol 1988;102(6):506-508.
• Enck, P., Junne, F., Klosterhalfen, S., Zipfel, S., and Martens, U. Therapy options in irritable bowel syndrome. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;22(12):1402-1411.
• Fecka, I. and Turek, S. Determination of water-soluble polyphenolic compounds in commercial herbal teas from Lamiaceae: peppermint, melissa, and sage. J Agric.Food Chem 12-26-2007;55(26):10908-10917.
• Gelal, A., Jacob, P., III, Yu, L., and Benowitz, N. L. Disposition kinetics and effects of menthol. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999;66(2):128-135.
• Geuenich, S., Goffinet, C., Venzke, S., Nolkemper, S., Baumann, I., Plinkert, P., Reichling, J., and Keppler, O. T. Aqueous extracts from peppermint, sage and lemon balm leaves display potent anti-HIV-1 activity by increasing the virion density. Retrovirology. 2008;5:27.
• Gherman, C., Culea, M., and Cozar, O. Comparative analysis of some active principles of herb plants by GC/MS. Talanta 10-2-2000;53(1):253-262.
• Gobel H, Fresenius J, Heinze A, et al. [Effectiveness of Oleum menthae piperitae and paracetamol in therapy of headache of the tension type]. Nervenarzt 1996;67:672-81.
• Green, B. G. Menthol modulates oral sensations of warmth and cold. Physiol Behav 1985;35(3):427-434.
• Han JY, Moosvi Z, Duh E, Park S, Albers GC, Samarasena JB, Karnes W. Oral IB Gard Before Colonoscopy: A Single-Center Double-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Dig Dis Sci. 2020.
• Hiki, N., Kaminishi, M., Hasunuma, T., Nakamura, M., Nomura, S., Yahagi, N., Tajiri, H., and Suzuki, H. A phase I study evaluating tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of L-menthol in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011;90(2):221-228.
• Hiki, N., Kaminishi, M., Yasuda, K., Uedo, N., Kobari, M., Sakai, T., Hiratsuka, T., Ohno, K., Honjo, H., Nomura, S., Yahagi, N., Tajiri, H., and Suzuki, H. Multicenter phase II randomized study evaluating dose-response of antiperistaltic effect of L-menthol sprayed onto the gastric mucosa for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Dig Endosc 2012;24(2):79-86.
• Hiki, N., Kurosaka, H., Tatsutomi, Y., Shimoyama, S., Tsuji, E., Kojima, J., Shimizu, N., Ono, H., Hirooka, T., Noguchi, C., Mafune, K., and Kaminishi, M. Peppermint oil reduces gastric spasm during upper endoscopy: a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy controlled trial. Gastrointest Endosc 2003;57(4):475-482.
• Hines, S., Steels, E., Chang, A., and Gibbons, K. Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;4:CD007598.
• Ho, C. and Spence, C. Olfactory facilitation of dual-task performance. Neurosci.Lett. 11-25-2005;389(1):35-40.
• Holtmann G, Madisch A, Juergen H, et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on the effects of an herbal preparation in patients with functional dyspepsia [Abstract]. Ann Mtg Digestive Disease Week 1999 May.
• Holtmann, G., Madisch, A., and Juergen, H. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on the effects of an herbal preparation in patients with functional dyspepsia [Abstract]. Ann Mtg Digestive Disease Week 1999;
• Hunt R., Dienemann J., Norton H. J., Hartley W., Hudgens A., Stern T., Divine G. Aromatherapy as treatment for postoperative nausea: a randomized trial. Anesth Analg 2013;117(3):597-604.
• Hurrell RF, Reddy M, Cook JD. Inhibition of non-haem iron absorption in man by polyphenolic-containing beverages. Br J Nutr 1999;81:289-95.
• Inoue T, Sugimoto Y, Masuda H, Kamei C. Antiallergic effect of flavonoid glycosides obtained from Mentha piperita L. Biol Pharm Bull 2002;25:256-9.
• Inoue T, Sugimoto Y, Masuda H, Kamei C. Effects of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) extracts on experimental allergic rhinitis in rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2001;24:92-5.
• Jafarimanesh H, Akbari M, Hoseinian R, Zarei M, Harorani M. The effect of peppermint (Mentha piperita) extract on the severity of nausea, vomiting and anorexia in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy: A randomized controlled trial. Integr Cancer Ther. 2020;19:1534735420967084.
• Jailwala, J., Imperiale, T. F., and Kroenke, K. Pharmacologic treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 7-18-2000;133(2):136-147.
• Katikova, O. I., Kostin, IaV, and Tishkin, V. S. [Hepatoprotective effect of plant preparations]. Eksp.Klin.Farmakol. 2002;65(1):41-43.
• Katikova, O. I., Kostin, IaV, Iagudina, R. I., and Tishkin, V. S. [Effect of plant preparations on lipid peroxidation parameters in acute toxic hepatitis]. Vopr.Med Khim. 2001;47(6):593-598.
• Lacy BE, Pimentel M, Brenner DM, et al. ACG clinical guideline: Management of irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021;116(1):17-44.
• Lane, B., Cannella, K., Bowen, C., Copelan, D., Nteff, G., Barnes, K., Poudevigne, M., and Lawson, J. Examination of the effectiveness of peppermint aromatherapy on nausea in women post C-section. J Holist Nurs 2012;30(2):90-104.
• Lawson MJ, Knight RE, Tran K, et al. Failure of enteric-coated peppermint oil in the irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized double-blind crossover study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1988;3:235-8.
• Lindemann, J., Tsakiropoulou, E., Scheithauer, M. O., Konstantinidis, I., and Wiesmiller, K. M. Impact of menthol inhalation on nasal mucosal temperature and nasal patency. Am J Rhinol. 2008;22(4):402-405.
• Lua PL, Zakaria NS. A brief review of current scientific evidence involving aromatherapy use for nausea and vomiting. J Altern Complement Med 2012;18:534.
• Mabrouk, S. S. and El Shayeb, N. M. Inhibition of aflatoxin formation by some spices. Z.Lebensm.Unters.Forsch. 1980;171(5):344-347.
• Madisch A, Holtmann G, Mayr G, et al. Treatment of functional dyspepsia with a herbal preparation. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Digestion 2004;69:45-52.
• Madisch A, Melderis H, Mayr G, et al. [A plant extract and its modified preparation in functional dyspepsia. Results of a double-blind placebo controlled comparative study]. Z Gastroenterol 2001;39(7):511-7.
• Maghami M, Afazel MR, Azizi-Fini I, Maghami M. The effect of aromatherapy with peppermint essential oil on nausea and vomiting after cardiac surgery: A randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2020;40:101199.
• Mahdavikian S, Fallahi M, Khatony A. Comparing the Effect of Aromatherapy with Peppermint and Lavender Essential Oils on Fatigue of Cardiac Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021;2021:9925945.
• Maliakal PP, Wanwimolruk S. Effect of herbal teas on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001;53:1323-9.
• Marciani, L., Foley, S., Hoad, C. L., Campbell, E., Totman, J. J., and Cox, E. Accelerated small bowel transit and contracted transverse colon in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D): novel insights from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Gastroenterology 2007;132 (suppl 1):A141.
• Masoumi SZ, Asl HR, Poorolajal J, Panah MH, Oliaei SR. Evaluation of mint efficacy regarding dysmenorrhea in comparison with mefenamic acid: A double blinded randomized crossover study. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2016;21(4):363-7.
• McKay, D. L. and Blumberg, J. B. A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of peppermint tea (Mentha piperita L.). Phytother.Res 2006;20(8):619-633.
• Morton C. A., Garioch J., Todd P., et al. Contact sensitivity to menthol and peppermint in patients with intra-oral symptoms. Contact Dermatitis 1995;32:281-4.
• Moss, M., Hewitt, S., Moss, L., and Wesnes, K. Modulation of cognitive performance and mood by aromas of peppermint and ylang-ylang. Int J Neurosci 2008;118(1):59-77.
• Mousavi Vahed SH, Afiat M, Dadgar S. Peppermint drop effect on ileus following cesarean section. J Family Med Prim Care 2022;11(4):1435-42.
• Mutluay Yayla E, Izgu N, Ozdemir L, Aslan Erdem S, Kartal M. Sage tea-thyme-peppermint hydrosol oral rinse reduces chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis: A randomized controlled pilot study. Complement Ther Med 2016;27:58-64.
• Naito, K., Ohoka, E., Kato, R., Kondo, Y., and Iwata, S. The effect of L-menthol stimulation of the major palatine nerve on nasal patency. Auris Nasus Larynx 1991;18(3):221-226.
• Nishino, T., Tagaito, Y., and Sakurai, Y. Nasal inhalation of l-menthol reduces respiratory discomfort associated with loaded breathing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;156(1):309-313.
• Nolen HW 3rd, Friend DR. Menthol-beta-D-glucuronide: a potential prodrug for treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome. Pharm Res 1994;11:1707-11.
• Nolkemper, S., Reichling, J., Stintzing, F. C., Carle, R., and Schnitzler, P. Antiviral effect of aqueous extracts from species of the Lamiaceae family against Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in vitro. Planta Med 2006;72(15):1378-1382.
• Park, M. K. and Lee, E. S. [The effect of aroma inhalation method on stress responses of nursing students]. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi 2004;34(2):344-351.
• Rahimi, R. and Abdollahi, M. Herbal medicines for the management of irritable bowel syndrome: a comprehensive review. World J Gastroenterol. 2-21-2012;18(7):589-600.
• Ramsewak RS, Nair MG, Stommel M, Selanders L. In vitro antagonistic activity of monoterpenes and their mixtures against ‘toe nail fungus’ pathogens. Phytother Res 2003;17:376-9..
• Rogers SN, Pahor AL. A form of stomatitis induced by excessive peppermint consumption. Dent Update 1995;22:36-7.
• Ruepert, L., Quartero, A. O., de Wit, N. J., van der Heijden, G. J., Rubin, G., and Muris, J. W. Bulking agents, antispasmodics and antidepressants for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;(8):CD003460.
• Safajou F, Soltani N, Taghizadeh M, Amouzeshi Z, Sandrous M. The effect of combined inhalation aromatherapy with lemon and peppermint on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2020;25(5):401-406.
• Samarth, R. M. and Kumar, A. Mentha piperita (Linn.) leaf extract provides protection against radiation induced chromosomal damage in bone marrow of mice. Indian J Exp Biol. 2003;41(3):229-237.
• Samarth, R. M. and Kumar, A. Radioprotection of Swiss albino mice by plant extract Mentha piperita (Linn.). J Radiat.Res (Tokyo) 2003;44(2):101-109.
• Samarth, R. M. and Samarth, M. Protection against radiation-induced testicular damage in Swiss albino mice by Mentha piperita (Linn.). Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2009;104(4):329-334.
• Samarth, R. M. Protection against radiation induced hematopoietic damage in bone marrow of Swiss albino mice by Mentha piperita (Linn). J Radiat.Res (Tokyo) 2007;48(6):523-528.
• Samarth, R. M., Goyal, P. K., and Kumar, A. Modulation of serum phosphatases activity in Swiss albino mice against gamma irradiation by Mentha piperita Linn. Phytother.Res 2002;16(6):586-589.
• Samarth, R. M., Goyal, P. K., and Kumar, A. Modulatory effect of Mentha piperita (Linn.) on serum phosphatases activity in Swiss albino mice against gamma irradiation. Indian J Exp Biol. 2001;39(5):479-482.
• Samarth, R. M., Goyal, P. K., and Kumar, A. Protection of swiss albino mice against whole-body gamma irradiation by Mentha piperita (Linn.). Phytother.Res 2004;18(7):546-550.
• Samarth, R. M., Panwar, M., Kumar, M., and Kumar, A. Radioprotective influence of Mentha piperita (Linn) against gamma irradiation in mice: Antioxidant and radical scavenging activity. Int J Radiat.Biol. 2006;82(5):331-337. [RETRACTED].
• Samarth, R. M., Saini, M. R., Maharwal, J., Dhaka, A., and Kumar, A. Mentha piperita (Linn) leaf extract provides protection against radiation induced alterations in intestinal mucosa of Swiss albino mice. Indian J Exp Biol. 2002;40(11):1245-1249.
• Sandasi, M., Leonard, C. M., and Viljoen, A. M. The in vitro antibiofilm activity of selected culinary herbs and medicinal plants against Listeria monocytogenes. Lett.Appl.Microbiol. 2010;50(1):30-35.
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• Schneider MM and Otten MH. Efficacy of colpermin in the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (abstract). Gastroenterology 1990;98(5):A389.
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• Sharma, A., Sharma, M. K., and Kumar, M. Protective effect of Mentha piperita against arsenic-induced toxicity in liver of Swiss albino mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007;100(4):249-257.
• Shaw, G., Srivastava, E. D., Sadlier, M., Swann, P., James, J. Y., and Rhodes, J. Stress management for irritable bowel syndrome: a controlled trial. Digestion 1991;50(1):36-42.
• Shin BC, Lee MS. Effects of aromatherapy acupressure on hemiplegic shoulder pain and motor power in stroke patients: a pilot study. J Altern Complement Med 2007;13(2):247-51.
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• Spirling, L. I. and Daniels, I. R. Botanical perspectives on health peppermint: more than just an after-dinner mint. J R.Soc.Promot.Health 2001;121(1):62-63.
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• Stringer, J. and Donald, G. Aromasticks in cancer care: an innovation not to be sniffed at. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2011;17(2):116-121.
• Suares, N. C. and Ford, A. C. Diagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Discov.Med. 2011;11(60):425-433.
• Sullivan, T. E., Warm, J. S., Schefft, B. K., Dember, W. N., O’Dell, M. W., and Peterson, S. J. Effects of olfactory stimulation on the vigilance performance of individuals with brain injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1998;20(2):227-236.
• Taheri, J. B., Azimi, S., Rafieian, N., and Zanjani, H. A. Herbs in dentistry. Int Dent.J 2011;61(6):287-296.
• Tan, C. C., Wong, K. S., Thirumoorthy, T., Lee, E., and Woo, K-T. A randomized, crossover trial of Sarna and Eurax lotions in treatment of haemodialysis patients with uraemic pruritus. J Dermatol Treat 1990;1(5):235-238.
• Thompson, Coon J. and Ernst, E. Systematic review: herbal medicinal products for non-ulcer dyspepsia. Aliment.Pharmacol Ther 2002;16(10):1689-1699.
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• Umezu, T. and Morita, M. Evidence for the involvement of dopamine in ambulation promoted by menthol in mice. J Pharmacol Sci. 2003;91(2):125-135.
• Umezu, T. Evidence for dopamine involvement in ambulation promoted by menthone in mice. Pharmacol Biochem.Behav. 2009;91(3):315-320.
• Umezu, T. Evidence for dopamine involvement in ambulation promoted by pulegone in mice. Pharmacol Biochem.Behav. 2010;94(4):497-502.
• Unger M, Frank A. Simultaneous determination of the inhibitory potency of herbal extracts on the activity of six major cytochrome P450 enzymes using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and automated online extraction. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2004;18:2273-81.
• Veldhuyzen van Zanten, S. J., Talley, N. J., Bytzer, P., Klein, K. B., Whorwell, P. J., and Zinsmeister, A. R. Design of treatment trials for functional gastrointestinal disorders. Gut 1999;45 Suppl 2:II69-II77.
• Vermaat, H., van Meurs, T., Rustemeyer, T., Bruynzeel, D. P., and Kirtschig, G. Vulval allergic contact dermatitis due to peppermint oil in herbal tea. Contact Dermatitis 2008;58(6):364-365.
• Vidal, F., Vidal, J. C., Gadelha, A. P., Lopes, C. S., Coelho, M. G., and Monteiro-Leal, L. H. Giardia lamblia: the effects of extracts and fractions from Mentha x piperita Lin. (Lamiaceae) on trophozoites. Exp Parasitol. 2007;115(1):25-31.
• Wilkins, T., Pepitone, C., Alex, B., and Schade, R. R. Diagnosis and management of IBS in adults. Am Fam.Physician 9-1-2012;86(5):419-426.
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• Wu J, Xu R, Zhan R, et al. Effective symptomatic treatment for severe and intractable pruritus associated with severe burn-induced hypertrophic scars: A prospective, multicenter, controlled trial. Burns 2016;42(5):1059-66.

Rosemary

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• Achour M, Saguem S, Sarriá B, Bravo L, Mateos R. Bioavailability and metabolism of rosemary infusion polyphenols using Caco-2 and HepG2 cell model systems. J Sci Food Agric. 2018;98(10):3741-3751.
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• Aggarwal, B. B. and Shishodia, S. Suppression of the nuclear factor-kappaB activation pathway by spice-derived phytochemicals: reasoning for seasoning. Ann.N.Y Acad.Sci. 2004;1030:434-441.
• Akbari S, Sohouli MH, Ebrahimzadeh S, Ghanaei FM, Hosseini AF, Aryaeian N. Effect of rosemary leaf powder with weight loss diet on lipid profile, glycemic status, and liver enzymes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Phytother Res 2022;36(5):2186-2196.
• al Hader, A. A., Hasan, Z. A., and Aqel, M. B. Hyperglycemic and insulin release inhibitory effects of Rosmarinus officinalis. J Ethnopharmacol 7-22-1994;43(3):217-221.
• Al Jamal A. Effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) on lipid profiles and blood glucose in human diabetic patients (type-2). African J. Biochem. Res. 2014;8(8):147-50.
• al Sereiti, M. R., Abu-Amer, K. M., and Sen, P. Pharmacology of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis Linn.) and its therapeutic potentials. Indian J Exp Biol 1999;37(2):124-130.
• Angioni, A., Barra, A., Cereti, E., Barile, D., Coisson, J. D., Arlorio, M., Dessi, S., Coroneo, V., and Cabras, P. chemical composition, plant genetic differences, antimicrobial and antifungal activity investigation of the essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L. J Agric.Food Chem 6-2-2004;52(11):3530-3535.
• Aruoma, O. I. Antioxidant actions of plant foods: use of oxidative DNA damage as a tool for studying antioxidant efficacy. Free Radic.Res 1999;30(6):419-427.
• Aruoma, O. I., Halliwell, B., Aeschbach, R., and Loligers, J. Antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of active rosemary constituents: carnosol and carnosic acid. Xenobiotica 1992;22(2):257-268.
• Bakirel, T., Bakirel, U., Keles, O. U., Ulgen, S. G., and Yardibi, H. In vivo assessment of antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) in alloxan-diabetic rabbits. J Ethnopharmacol 2-28-2008;116(1):64-73.
• Baylac, S. and Racine, P. Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase by natural fragrant extracts of aromatic plants. Int J Aromatherapy 2004;14(4):179-182.
• Buckle J. Use of aromatherapy as a complementary treatment for chronic pain. Altern Ther Health Med 1999;5:42-51.
• Burkhard PR, Burkhardt K, Haenggeli CA, Landis T. Plant-induced seizures: reappearance of an old problem. J Neurol 1999;246:667-70.
• Burnett KM, Solterbeck LA, Strapp CM. Scent and mood state following an anxiety-provoking task. Psychol Rep 2004;95(2):707-22.
• Cartier LC, Lehrer A, Malo JL. Occupational asthma caused by aromatic herbs. Allergy 1996;51:647-9.
• Cervellati, R., Renzulli, C., Guerra, M. C., and Speroni, E. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of some natural polyphenolic compounds using the Briggs-Rauscher reaction method. J Agric.Food Chem. 12-18-2002;50(26):7504-7509.
• Cheung, S. and Tai, J. Anti-proliferative and antioxidant properties of rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis. Oncol.Rep. 2007;17(6):1525-1531.
• Chohan, M., Forster-Wilkins, G., and Opara, E. I. Determination of the antioxidant capacity of culinary herbs subjected to various cooking and storage processes using the ABTS(*+) radical cation assay. Plant Foods Hum.Nutr. 2008;63(2):47-52.
• Debersac P, Heydel JM, Amiot MJ, et al. Induction of cytochrome P450 and/or detoxication enzymes by various extracts of rosemary: description of specific patterns. Food Chem Toxicol 2001;39(9):907-18.
• Debersac P, Vernevaut MF, Amiot MJ, et al. Effects of a water-soluble extract of rosemary and its purified component rosmarinic acid on xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. Food Chem Toxicol 2001;39(2):109-17.
• Dehghan N, Azizzadeh Forouzi M, Etminan A, Roy C, Dehghan M. The effects of lavender, rosemary and orange essential oils on memory problems and medication adherence among patients undergoing hemodialysis: a parallel randomized controlled trial. Explore (NY) 2022;18(5):559-566.
• Dragan, S., Nicola, T., Ilina, R., Ursoniu, S., Kimar, A., Nimade, S., and Nicola, T. Role of multi-component functional foods in the complex treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer. Rev.Med.Chir Soc.Med.Nat.Iasi 2007;111(4):877-884.
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• Elgayyar, M., Draughon, F. A., Golden, D. A., and Mount, J. R. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils from plants against selected pathogenic and saprophytic microorganisms. J Food Prot. 2001;64(7):1019-1024.
• Ercan P, El SN. Bioaccessibility and inhibitory effects on digestive enzymes of carnosic acid in sage and rosemary. Int J Biol Macromol. 2018;115:933-939.
• Erenmemisoglu, A., Saraymen, R., and Ustun, S. Effect of a Rosmarinus officinalis leave extract on plasma glucose levels in normoglycaemic and diabetic mice. Pharmazie 1997;52(8):645-646.
• Fahim, F. A., Esmat, A. Y., Fadel, H. M., and Hassan, K. F. Allied studies on the effect of Rosmarinus officinalis L. on experimental hepatotoxicity and mutagenesis. Int J Food Sci Nutr 1999;50(6):413-427.
• Fernández LF, Palomino OM, Frutos G. Effectivenss of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil as antihypotensive agent in primary hypotensive patients and its influence on health-related quality of life. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;151(1):509-516.
• Foster S, Tyler VE. Tyler’s Honest Herbal, 4th ed., Binghamton, NY: Haworth Herbal Press, 1999.
• Fu, Y., Zu, Y., Chen, L., Shi, X., Wang, Z., Sun, S., and Efferth, T. Antimicrobial activity of clove and rosemary essential oils alone and in combination. Phytother.Res. 2007;21(10):989-994.
• Fuchs, S. M., Schliemann-Willers, S., Fischer, T. W., and Elsner, P. Protective effects of different marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) and rosemary cream preparations against sodium-lauryl-sulfate-induced irritant contact dermatitis. Skin Pharmacol.Physiol 2005;18(4):195-200.
• Geoffroy, M., Lambelet, P., and Richert, P. Radical intermediates and antioxidants: an ESR study of radicals formed on carnosic acid in the presence of oxidized lipids. Free Radic.Res 1994;21(4):247-258.
• Giordani R, Regli P, Kaloustian J, et al. Antifungal effect of various essential oils against Candida albicans. Potentiation of antifungal action of amphotericin B by essential oil from Thymus vulgaris. Phytother Res 2004;18:990-5.
• Gonzalez-Trujano, M. E., Pena, E. I., Martinez, A. L., Moreno, J., Guevara-Fefer, P., Deciga-Campos, M., and Lopez-Munoz, F. J. Evaluation of the antinociceptive effect of Rosmarinus officinalis L. using three different experimental models in rodents. J Ethnopharmacol 5-22-2007;111(3):476-482.
• Gutierrez, R., Alvarado, J. L., Presno, M., Perez-Veyna, O., Serrano, C. J., and Yahuaca, P. Oxidative stress modulation by Rosmarinus officinalis in CCl(4)-induced liver cirrhosis. Phytother.Res 10-13-2009.
• Harach, T., Aprikian, O., Monnard, I., Moulin, J., Membrez, M., Beolor, J. C., Raab, T., Mace, K., and Darimont, C. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Leaf Extract Limits Weight Gain and Liver Steatosis in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Planta Med 11-16-2009.
• Haraguchi, H., Saito, T., Okamura, N., and Yagi, A. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and superoxide generation by diterpenoids from Rosmarinus officinalis. Planta Med 1995;61(4):333-336.
• Hay IC, Jamieson M, Ormerod AD. Randomized trial of aromatherapy. Successful treatment for alopecia areata. Arch Dermatol 1998;134:1349-52.
• Hoefler, C., Fleurentin, J., Mortier, F., Pelt, J. M., and Guillemain, J. Comparative choleretic and hepatoprotective properties of young sprouts and total plant extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 1987;19(2):133-143.
• Huang, M. T., Ho, C. T., Wang, Z. Y., Ferraro, T., Lou, Y. R., Stauber, K., Ma, W., Georgiadis, C., Laskin, J. D., and Conney, A. H. Inhibition of skin tumorigenesis by rosemary and its constituents carnosol and ursolic acid. Cancer Res 2-1-1994;54(3):701-708.
• Huang, S. C., Ho, C. T., Lin-Shiau, S. Y., and Lin, J. K. Carnosol inhibits the invasion of B16/F10 mouse melanoma cells by suppressing metalloproteinase-9 through down-regulating nuclear factor-kappa B and c-Jun. Biochem Pharmacol 1-15-2005;69(2):221-232.
• Inoue, K., Takano, H., Shiga, A., Fujita, Y., Makino, H., Yanagisawa, R., Ichinose, T., Kato, Y., Yamada, T., and Yoshikawa, T. Effects of volatile constituents of a rosemary extract on allergic airway inflammation related to house dust mite allergen in mice. Int J Mol.Med 2005;16(2):315-319.
• Kim MA, Sakong JK, Kim EJ, et al. [Effect of aromatherapy massage for the relief of constipation in the elderly]. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi 2005;35(1):56-64.
• Kim, M. J., Nam, E. S., and Paik, S. I. [The effects of aromatherapy on pain, depression, and life satisfaction of arthritis patients]. Taehan Kanho.Hakhoe.Chi 2005;35(1):186-194.
• Kosaka, K. and Yokoi, T. Carnosic acid, a component of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), promotes synthesis of nerve growth factor in T98G human glioblastoma cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2003;26(11):1620-1622.
• Kwon, Y. I., Vattem, D. A., and Shetty, K. Evaluation of clonal herbs of Lamiaceae species for management of diabetes and hypertension. Asia Pac.J Clin Nutr 2006;15(1):107-118.
• Lai, C. S., Lee, J. H., Ho, C. T., Liu, C. B., Wang, J. M., Wang, Y. J., and Pan, M. H. Rosmanol potently inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression through downregulating MAPK, NF-kappaB, STAT3 and C/EBP signaling pathways. J Agric.Food Chem. 11-25-2009;57(22):10990-10998.
• Lee JJ, Jin YR, Lee JH, et al. Antiplatelet activity of carnosic acid, a phenolic diterpene from Rosmarinus officinalis. Planta Med 2007;73(2):121-7.
• Lee JJ, Jin YR, Lim Y, et al. Antiplatelet activity of carnosol is mediated by the inhibition of TXA2 receptor and cytosolic calcium mobilization. Vascul Pharmacol 2006;45:148-53.
• Lieberman S. A Review of the effectiveness of cimicifuga racemosa (Black Cohosh) for the symptoms of menopause. J Womens Health 1998;7:525-9.
• Lindheimer JB, Loy BD, O’Connor PJ. Short-term effects of black pepper (Piper nigrum) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis and Rosmarinnus eriocalyx) on sustained attention and on energy and fatigue mood states in young adults with low energy. J Med Food. 2013;16(8):765-771.
• Llewellyn, G. C., Burkett, M. L., and Eadie, T. Potential mold growth, aflatoxin production, and antimycotic activity of selected natural spices and herbs. J Assoc.Off Anal.Chem. 1981;64(4):955-960.
• Lo, A. H., Liang, Y. C., Lin-Shiau, S. Y., Ho, C. T., and Lin, J. K. Carnosol, an antioxidant in rosemary, suppresses inducible nitric oxide synthase through down-regulating nuclear factor-kappaB in mouse macrophages. Carcinogenesis 2002;23(6):983-991.
• Lopez, P., Sanchez, C., Batlle, R., and Nerin, C. Solid- and vapor-phase antimicrobial activities of six essential oils: susceptibility of selected foodborne bacterial and fungal strains. J Agric.Food Chem 8-24-2005;53(17):6939-6946.
• Lukaczer D, Darland G, Tripp M, et al. A pilot trial evaluating Meta050, a proprietary combination of reduced iso-alpha acids, rosemary extract and oleanolic acid in patients with arthritis and fibromyalgia. Phytother Res 2005;19(10):864-9.
• Luqman, S., Dwivedi, G. R., Darokar, M. P., Kalra, A., and Khanuja, S. P. Potential of rosemary oil to be used in drug-resistant infections. Altern.Ther Health Med 2007;13(5):54-59.
• Machado, D. G., Bettio, L. E., Cunha, M. P., Capra, J. C., Dalmarco, J. B., Pizzolatti, M. G., and Rodrigues, A. L. Antidepressant-like effect of the extract of Rosmarinus officinalis in mice: involvement of the monoaminergic system. Prog.Neuropsychopharmacol.Biol.Psychiatry 6-15-2009;33(4):642-650.
• Mahyari S, Mahyari B, Emami SA, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of a polyherbal mouthwash containing Zingiber officinale, Rosmarinus officinalis and Calendula officinalis extracts in patients with gingivitis: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2016;22:93-8.
• Mancini, D. A., Torres, R. P., Pinto, J. R., and Mancini, J. Inhibition of DNA Virus: Herpes-1 (HSV-1) in cellular culture replication, through an antioxidant treatment extracted from rosemary spice. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009;45:127-133.
• Martin, R., Pierrard, C., Lejeune, F., Hilaire, P., Breton, L., and Bernerd, F. Photoprotective effect of a water-soluble extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. against UV-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 in human dermal fibroblasts and reconstructed skin. Eur.J Dermatol. 2008;18(2):128-135.
• Martinez, A. L., Gonzalez-Trujano, M. E., Pellicer, F., Lopez-Munoz, F. J., and Navarrete, A. Antinociceptive effect and GC/MS analysis of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil from its aerial parts. Planta Med 2009;75(5):508-511.
• Martynyuk L, Martynyuk L, Ruzhitska O, Martynyuk O. Effect of the herbal combination Canephron N on diabetic nephropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus: results of a comparative cohort study. J Altern Complement Med. 2014;20(6):472-478.
• Masuda, T., Inaba, Y., and Takeda, Y. Antioxidant mechanism of carnosic acid: structural identification of two oxidation products. J Agric.Food Chem. 2001;49(11):5560-5565.
• McCaffrey R, Thomas DJ, Kinzelman AO. The effects of lavender and rosemary essential oils on test-taking anxiety among graduate nursing students. Holist Nurs Pract 2009;23(2):88-93.
• Minich DM, Bland JS, Katke J, et al. Clinical safety and efficacy of NG440: a novel combination of rho iso-alpha acids from hops, rosemary, and oleanolic acid for inflammatory conditions. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007;85(9):872-83.
• Moreno, S., Scheyer, T., Romano, C. S., and Vojnov, A. A. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of rosemary extracts linked to their polyphenol composition. Free Radic.Res 2006;40(2):223-231.
• Moss M, Cook J, Wesnes K, Duckett P. Aromas of rosemary and lavender essential oils differentially affect cognition and mood in healthy adults. Int J Neurosci 2003;113(1):15-38.
• Muhlbauer, R. C., Lozano, A., Palacio, S., Reinli, A., and Felix, R. Common herbs, essential oils, and monoterpenes potently modulate bone metabolism. Bone 2003;32(4):372-380.
• Naemura A, Ura M, Yamashita T, et al. Long-term intake of rosemary and common thyme herbs inhibits experimental thrombosis without prolongation of bleeding time. Thromb Res 2008;122(4):517-22.
• Nasiri A, Boroomand MM. The effect of rosemary essential oil inhalation on sleepiness and alertness of shift-working nurses: A randomized, controlled field trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2021;43:101326.
• Nematolahi P, Mehrabani M, Karami-Mohajeri S, Dabaghzadeh F. Effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L. on memory performance, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality in university students: A randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2018;30:24-28.
• Nolkemper, S., Reichling, J., Stintzing, F. C., Carle, R., and Schnitzler, P. Antiviral effect of aqueous extracts from species of the Lamiaceae family against Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in vitro. Planta Med 2006;72(15):1378-1382.
• Offord, E. A., Mace, K., Avanti, O., and Pfeifer, A. M. Mechanisms involved in the chemoprotective effects of rosemary extract studied in human liver and bronchial cells. Cancer Lett 3-19-1997;114(1-2):275-281.
• Ozcan, M. M. and Chalchat, J. C. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) oil from Turkey. Int J Food Sci.Nutr 2008;59(7-8):691-698.
• Panahi Y, Taghizadeh M, Marzony T, Sahebkar A. Rosemary oil vs minoxidil 2% for the treatment of androgenic alopecia: a randomized comparative trial. Skinmed. 2015;13(1):15-21.
• Paris, A., Strukelj, B., Renko, M., Turk, V., Pukl, M., Umek, A., and Korant, B. D. Inhibitory effect of carnosic acid on HIV-1 protease in cell-free assays [corrected]. J Nat Prod 1993;56(8):1426-1430.
• Park, J. A., Kim, S., Lee, S. Y., Kim, C. S., Kim, do K., Kim, S. J., and Chun, H. S. Beneficial effects of carnosic acid on dieldrin-induced dopaminergic neuronal cell death. Neuroreport 8-27-2008;19(13):1301-1304.
• Park, M. K. and Lee, E. S. [The effect of aroma inhalation method on stress responses of nursing students]. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi 2004;34(2):344-351.
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