Relaxing Lavender™ tea

Relaxing Lavender™ 50g

£7.00

T’n’T Teas® Relaxing Lavender™ tea comforting herbal tea blend is a delicious and healthy tea blend that can be enjoyed by people of all ages. It is a good choice for people who are looking for a traditional, natural way relaxing infusion with ingredients have been used for millennia.

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Description

Experience pure serenity with T’n’T Teas’® Relaxing Lavender™ tea. Crafted for your tranquillity, this blend is your gateway to a soothing, calming embrace. With every sip, let the aromatic, mood-lifting and delicate taste to transport you to a world of comfort and relaxation.

The Relaxing Lavender™ tea, a harmonious blend thoughtfully created to cradle your senses in serenity. With the gentle embrace of lavender, St. John’s Wort, camomile, liquorice, hops, nettle, and hibiscus, this blend promises a soothing and comforting experience.

Your tea journey begins with the fragrant lavender, a calming overture that soothes your senses. St. John’s Wort introduces a subtle, uplifting note, like a ray of sunlight breaking through the clouds. Camomile whispers tranquillity, akin to a peaceful garden. The liquorice sweetens the composition, like a comforting embrace. Hops add depth, like a gentle anchor, while nettle contributes an earthy tone. Hibiscus rounds off the symphony with a touch, like a harmonious finale. Indulge in the serenity you deserve.

This quiet, relaxing and enjoyable caffeine-free infusion is the sister of Creamy Lavender™ (an infusion without St John’s Wort) that we recommend to consume as an evening tea.

This tea is great served both hot and cold, providing relaxation whenever you need it – as if you were sitting in a peaceful, lavender field in the middle of Provence.

This is a light version of a functional brew – for a more potent stress-relief infusion, please check the functional tea products from Hortus Medicus International®.

Disclaimer

This information is provided for educational and informational purposes. It is not provided to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Legally, we are unable to make these claims directly, but we urge you to review the clinical references we list on this site and conduct your own research. These products are intended for dietary supplement purposes only. While we are professional herbalists and every care has been taken to provide accurate and up-to-date information, as a consumer, you should always consult your healthcare professional before consumption, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, have a medical condition or are taking medications. We do offer free personal consultations for solutions specific to your needs.

We offer discounts if you buy more than 1. Buy 2 teas for £12, and 3 for £15 (additional teas charged at £5 each).

Additional information

Weight 50 g

Wellbeing / Side Effects

Beyond the serene taste, this blend offers potential health benefits. Lavender is celebrated for its calming properties, while St. John’s Wort may provide mood support. Camomile is renowned for its soothing qualities, promoting relaxation.

In this special tea mixture, the ingredients amplify and complement each other’s effects, thanks to the synergy between them.

The Relaxing Lavender Tea™ is a 100% natural product, it does not contain allergens or impurities, and it does not contain added flavours, so its consumption should not cause unpleasant stomach upsets.

T’n’T Teas® Relaxing Lavender Tea™ is a certified, premium quality professionally mixed product, made with the highest quality, medicinal natural herbs from around the world. We pay special attention to the purity of the plants, so we only buy the certified raw materials for our products from reliable, controlled sources, so we can ensure that we minimise contact with foreign substances during storage, transportation, and production.

CAUTION: Herbs have medicinal properties and can promote the body’s physical and mental self-healing and harmonising process, but they cannot replace medical examination, care and possible treatment – so if you are on medication from your doctor, please check that they are happy for you to drink the tea. If you feel any discomfort, stop and only restart slowly if you are comfortable doing so (it might not be the herbal tea that causes the discomfort!). Pregnant or breastfeeding women should exercise extra caution and children under the age of 12 years old should avoid caffeinated products altogether.

For a detailed description, please look at the individual ingredients.

Profile

Colour: A gentle infusion resembling a tranquil lavender field.
Aroma: It’s like taking a deep breath in a serene garden, with floral notes dancing in the air.
Initial taste: The first sip is a calming embrace, like a soothing lullaby for your taste buds.
Midtones: St. John’s Wort introduces a subtle, uplifting note, like a ray of sunshine on a quiet morning.
Aftertaste: A harmonious finale with a touch of tartness, like a satisfying closing note in a beautiful symphony.
Body: It’s a light, comforting presence, akin to a cozy, soft blanket for your senses.
Caffeine content: This tea blend is caffeine-free, ensuring relaxation without interruption.

Ingredients

Lavender, St John’s Wort, Camomile, Liquorice, Hops, Nettle, Hibiscus.

Cruelty-free and vegan product logo100% GMO-Free. Suitable for vegans.

T’n’T Teas® Relaxing Lavender™ uses certified, premium quality professionally mixed ingredients, from highest quality, medicinal natural herbs from around the world. We pay special attention to the purity of the plants, so we only buy the certified raw materials for our products from reliable, controlled sources, so we can ensure that we minimise contact with foreign substances during storage, transportation, and production.

Shake well before use.

Certifed Origins

Albanian flag denoting that one or more ingredients was ethically sourced from Albania. Bulgarian flag denoting that one or more ingredients was ethically sourced from Bulgaria. Chinese flag denoting that one or more ingredients are ethically sourced from China. Egyptian flag denoting that one or more ingredients was ethically sourced from Egypt. Hungarian flag denoting that one or more ingredients are ethically sourced from Hungary. Polish flag denoting that one or more ingredients was ethically sourced from Poland.

 

Hand-blended & prepared in Shropshire, England.

Preparation

Preparation for hot tea:

“Sip & Serenade!” – Preparation Notes for T’n’T Teas’® Relaxing Lavender™ tea:

  1. Cosy setup: Find your cosiest nook. This tea is all about serenity, so create the perfect ambience.
  2. Tea harmony: Scoop a teaspoon of our Relaxing Lavender™ tea blend. The essence of lavender, St. John’s Wort, camomile, and more await your senses.
  3. Warm embrace: Heat fresh, cold water to around 96°C (205°F). We’re creating a warm hug for your cup.
  4. Serene soak: Pour the hot water over the tea blend, like a gentle rain of relaxation. Let it steep for 10-15 minutes.
  5. Flavour bliss: If you desire, add a drizzle of honey or a slice of orange to elevate the calming notes.
  6. Cover & dream: Keep your cup or teapot covered with a lid while the flavours serenade.
  7. Strain & sip: The serenity ritual is about to begin. Strain the tea blend and let the calming journey commence.
  8. Lullaby sips: Hold your cup close and take a sip of the lavender, St. John’s Wort, and camomile serenade. It’s like being cradled in a soothing lullaby.
  9. Repeat the serenade: The tranquillity doesn’t have to end after one act. Prepare for another steeping session whenever you crave relaxation.
  10. Serenity in storage: Store your tea blend in a serene, cool, and dry place, ready to create tranquil moments at your whim.

Sip, savour, and let T’n’T Teas’® Relaxing Lavender™ tea serenade your senses into a world of serenity and comfort.

 

Preparation for 1 litre of ice tea:
Boil a cup of water and pour over 2 tablespoons of tea – steep with a cover for at least 20 minutes. Strain and add Honey or sugar to taste and a drop of lemon juice, then dilute with 3 parts iced water or soda water (alternative – brew with Stevia leaves as a sweetener).

Best consumed freshly brewed as a hot drink, in itself this has a beneficial effect on your immune system – sieve before drinking, if not using a teabag.

For the best flavour, store in a cool dark place.

Clincial References

Clinical evidence of the ingredients found in this product. These are public domain references and do not relate directly to our product.

Camomile

  • Agarwal A, Chaudhary B. Clinical and microbiological effects of 1% Matricaria chamomilla mouth rinse on chronic periodontitis: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2020;24(4):354-61.
  • Aitken-Saavedra J, Chaves Tarquinio SB, De Oliveira da Rosa WL, et al. Effect of a homemade salivary substitute prepared using chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) flower and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seed to relieve primary burning mouth syndrome: a preliminary report. J Altern Complement Med 2020;26(9):799-806.
  • Amsterdam JD, Li Y, Soeller I, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral Matricaria recutita (chamomile) extract therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009;29(4):378-382.
  • Avallone R, Zanoli P, Puia G, et al. Pharmacological profile of apigenin, a flavonoid isolated from Matricaria chamomilla. Biochem Pharmacol 2000;59:1387-94.
  • Barene I, Daberte I, Zvirgzdina L, Iriste V. The complex technology on products of German chamomile. Medicina (Kaunas). 2003;39(Suppl 2):127-131.
  • Becker B, Kuhn U, Hardewig-Budny B. Double-blind, randomized evaluation of clinical efficacy and tolerability of an apple pectin-chamomile extract in children with unspecific diarrhea. Arzneimittelforschung 2006;56(6):387-393.
  • Benito P, Rodríguez-Perez R, García F, Juste S, Moneo I, Caballero ML. Occupational allergic rhinoconjunctivitis induced by Matricaria chamomilla with tolerance of chamomile tea. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2014;24(5):369-70. No abstract available. View abstract.
  • Bosak Z, Iravani M, Moghimipour E, Haghighizadeh MH, Jelodarian P, Khazdair MR. Evaluation of the influence of chamomile vaginal gel on dyspareunia and sexual satisfaction in postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Avicenna J Phytomed 2020;10(5):481-91.
  • Braga FT, Santos AC, Bueno PC, et al. Use of Chamomilla recutita in the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a randomized, controlled, phase II clinical trial. Cancer Nurs 2015;38(4):322-9.
  • Buckle J. Use of aromatherapy as a complementary treatment for chronic pain. Altern Ther Health Med 1999;5:42-51.
  • Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Phytomedicine 2000;7:273-82.
  • Carl W, Emrich LS. Management of oral mucositis during local radiation and systemic chemotherapy: a study of 98 patients. J Prosthet Dent 1991;66:361-9.
  • Charousaei F, Dabirian A, Mojab F. Using chamomile solution or a 1% topical hydrocortisone ointment in the management of peristomal skin lesions in colostomy patients: results of a controlled clinical study. Ostomy Wound Manage 2011;57:28-36.
  • Daneshfard B, Shahriari M, Heiran A, Nimrouzi M, Yarmohammadi H. Effect of chamomile on chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in pediatric leukemia patients: A randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2020;10(1):58-69.
  • Eddouks M, Lemhardri A, Zeggwagh NA, Michel JB. Potent hypoglycaemic activity of the aqueous extract of Chamaemelum nobile in normal and streptozoticin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2005;67(3);189-95.
  • Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 — Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
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  • Fidler P, Loprinzi CL, O’Fallon JR, et al. Prospective evaluation of a chamomile mouthwash for prevention of 5-FU-induced oral mucositis. Cancer 1996;77:522-5.
  • Forster CF, Sussmann HE, Patzelt-Wenczler R. [Optimization of the Barron ligature treatment of 2nd and 3rd-degree hemorrhoids using a therapeutic troika]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 1996;85(46):1476-1481.
  • Ganzera M, Schneider P, Stuppner H. Inhibitory effects of the essential oil of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) and its major constituents on human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Life Sci 2006;78(8):856-861.
  • Garbuio DC, Ribeiro VDS, Hamamura AC, et al. A Chitosan-Coated Chamomile Microparticles Formulation to Prevent Radiodermatitis in Breast: A Double-blinded, Controlled, Randomized, Phase II Clinical Trial. Am J Clin Oncol 2022;45(5):183-189.
  • George J, Hegde S, Rajesh KS, et al. The efficacy of a herbal-based toothpaste in the control of plaque and gingivitis: a clinico-biochemical study. Indian J Dent Res 2009;20(4):480-482.
  • Glowania HJ, Raulin C, Swoboda M. [Effect of chamomile on wound healing–a clinical double-blind study]. Z Hautkr 1987;62(17):1262, 1267-1271.
  • Gomaa A, Hashem T, Mohamed M, Ashry E. Matricaria chamomilla extract inhibits both development of morphine dependence and expression of abstinence syndrome in rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2003;92:50-5.
  • Guimaraes R, Barros L, Duenas M, et al. Nutrients, phytochemicals and bioactivity of wild Roman chamomile: a comparison between the herb and its preparations. Food Chem 2013;136(2):718-25.
  • Habersang S, Leuschner F, Isaac O, Thiemer K. [Pharmacological studies with compounds of chamomile. IV. Studies on toxicity of (-)-alpha-bisabolol (author’s transl)]. Planta Med 1979;37:115-23.
  • Holtmann G, Madisch A, Juergen H, et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on the effects of an herbal preparation in patients with functional dyspepsia [Abstract]. Ann Mtg Digestive Disease Week 1999 May.
  • Hormann HP, Korting HC. Evidence for the efficacy and safety of topical herbal drugs in dermatology: part I: anti-inflammatory agents. Phytomedicine 1994;1:161-71.
  • Kabiri M, Kamalinejad M, Bioos S, Shariat M, Sohrabvand F. Comparative study of the effects of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) and cabergoline on idiopathic hyperprolactinemia: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Iran J Pharm Res 2019;18(3):1612-21.
  • Kassi E, Papoutsi Z, Fokialakis N, et al. Greek plant extracts exhibit selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)-like properties. J Agric Food Chem 2004;52:6956-61.
  • Kobayashi Y, Nakano Y, Inayama K, et al. Dietary intake of the flower extracts of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) inhibited compound 48/80-induced itch-scratch responses in mice. Phytomedicine 2003;10:657-64.
  • Loggia RD, Traversa U, Scarcia V, et al. Depressive effects of Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rausch, tubular flowers, on central nervous system in mice. Pharmacol Res Commun 1982;14(2):153-162.
  • Lopez Jornet P, Aznar-Cayuela C. Efficacy of topical chamomile management vs. placebo in patients with oral lichen planus: a randomized double-blind study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016;30(10):1783-6.
  • Madisch A, Holtmann G, Mayr G, et al. Treatment of functional dyspepsia with a herbal preparation. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Digestion 2004;69:45-52.
  • Madisch A, Melderis H, Mayr G, et al. [A plant extract and its modified preparation in functional dyspepsia. Results of a double-blind placebo controlled comparative study]. Z Gastroenterol 2001;39(7):511-7.
  • Maliakal PP, Wanwimolruk S. Effect of herbal teas on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001;53:1323-9.
  • Mao JJ, Xie SX, Keefe JR, Soeller I, Li QS, Amsterdam JD. Long-term chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Phytomedicine 2016;23(14):1735-1742.
  • Martinelli M, Ummarino D, Giugliano FP, et al. Efficacy of a standardized extract of Matricariae chamomilla L., Melissa officinalis L. and tyndallized Lactobacillus acidophilus (HA122) in infantile colic: an open randomized controlled trial. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2017 Dec;29:e13145.
  • Melzer J, Rosch W, Reichling J, et al. Meta-analysis: phytotherapy of functional dyspepsia with the herbal drug preparation STW 5 (Iberogast). Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:1279-87.
  • Menêses AG, Ferreira EB, Bontempo PSM, Guerra ENS, Reis PEDD. Use of Chamomile Infusion to Mitigate Radiotherapy-Induced Dry Desquamation in Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Integr Cancer Ther 2022;21:15347354221105491.
  • Mostafapour Kandelous H, Salimi M, Khori V, Rastkari N, Amanzadeh A, Salimi M. Mitochondrial apoptosis induced by Chamaemelum nobile extract in breast cancer cells. Iran J Pharm Res 2016;15(Suppl):197-204.
  • Nemati S, Yousefbeyk F, Ebrahimi SM, FaghihHabibi A, Shakiba M, Ramezani H. Effects of chamomile extract nasal drop on chronic rhinosinusitis treatment: A randomized double-blind study. Am J Otolaryngol 2021;42(1):102743.
  • Patzelt-Wenczler R, Ponce-Poschl E. Proof of efficacy of Kamillosan cream in atopic eczema. Eur J Med Res 2000;5:171-175.
  • Pirzad A, Alyari H, Shakiba RM, Zehtab-Salmasi S, and Mohammadi SA. Essential Oil Content and Composition of German Chamomile ( Matricaria chamomilla L. ) at Different Irrigation Regimes. Journal of Agronomy. 03/2006; 5(3).
  • Robbers JE, Tyler VE. Tyler’s Herbs of Choice: The Therapeutic Use of Phytomedicinals. New York, NY: The Haworth Herbal Press, 1999.
  • Saghafi N, Rhkhshandeh H, Pourmoghadam N, et al. Effectiveness of Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile) extract on pain control of cyclic mastalgia: a double-blind randomised controlled trial. J Obstet Gynaecol 2018;38(1):81-4.
  • Sahebnasagh M, Aksi V, Eslami F, et al. Prevention of radiotherapy-related oral mucositis with zinc and polyherbal mouthwash: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Eur J Med Res 2023;28(1):109.
  • Saller R, Beschomer M, Hellenbrecht D, et al. Dose dependency of symptomatic relief of complaints by chamomile steam inhalation in patients with common cold. Eur J Pharmacol 1990;183:728-729.
  • Sarris J, Ravindran A, Yatham LN, et al. Clinician guidelines for the treatment of psychiatric disorders with nutraceuticals and phytoceuticals: The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Taskforce. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022;23(6):424-455.
  • Savino F, Cresi F, Castagno E, et al. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of a standardized extract of Matricariae recutita, Foeniculum vulgare and Melissa officinalis (ColiMil) in the treatment of breastfed colicky infants. Phytother Res 2005;19:335-40.
  • Segal R, Pilote L. Warfarin interaction with Matricaria chamomilla. CMAJ 2006;174:1281-2.
  • Sharifi H, Mianie MB, Qasemzadeh MG, Ataei N, Gharehbeglou M, Heydari M. Topical use of matricaria recutita L (chamomile) oil in the treatment of monosymptomatic enuresis in children: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017 Jan;22(1):12-17.
  • Sharma AK, Basu I, Singh S. Efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha root extract in subclinical hypothyroid patients: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2018 Mar;24(3):243-248.
  • Storr M, Sibaev A, Weiser D, et al. Herbal extracts modulate the amplitude and frequency of slow waves in circular smooth muscle of mouse small intestine. Digestion 2004;70:257-64.
  • Subiza J, Subiza JL, Hinojosa M, et al. Anaphylactic reaction after the ingestion of chamomile tea; a study of cross-reactivity with other composite pollens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989;84:353-8.
  • Subiza J, Subiza JL, Hinojosa M, et al. Anaphylactic reaction after the ingestion of chamomile tea; a study of cross-reactivity with other composite pollens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989;84:353-8.
  • Tavakoli Ardakani M, Ghassemi S, Mehdizadeh M, Mojab F, Salamzadeh J, Ghassemi S, Hajifathali A. Evaluating the effect of matricaria recutita and mentha piperita herbal mouthwash on management of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2016 Dec;29:29-34.
  • van der Heijden MJE, O’Flaherty LA, van Rosmalen J, de Vos S, McCulloch M, van Dijk M. Aromatherapy massage seems effective in critically ill children: an observational before-after study. Paediatr Neonatal Pain 2022;4(2):61-68.
  • van Ketel WG. Allergy to Matricaria chamomilla. Contact Dermatitis 1982;8:143.
  • van Ketel WG. Allergy to Matricaria chamomilla. Contact Dermatitis 1987;16:50-1.
  • Viola H, Wasowski C, Levi de Stein M, et al. Apigenin, a component of Matricaria recutita flowers, is a central benzodiazepine receptors-ligand with anxiolytic effects. Planta Med 1995;61:213-6.
  • Wang Y, Tang H, Nicholson JK, et al. A metabonomic strategy for the detection of the metabolic effects of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) ingestion. J Agric Food Chem 2005;53:191-6.
  • Weizman Z, Alkrinawi S, Goldfarb D, et al. Efficacy of herbal tea preparation in infantile colic. J Pediatr 1993;122(4):650-652.
  • Williams AS, Dove J, Krock JE, et al. Efficacy of Inhaled Essential Oil Use on Selected Symptoms Affecting Quality of Life in Patients With Cancer Receiving Infusion Therapies. Oncol Nurs Forum 2022;49(4):349-358.
  • Zeggwagh NA, Michel JB, Eddouks M. Vascular effects of aqueous extract of Chamaemelum nobile: in vitro pharmacological studies in rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2013;35(3):200-6.
  • Zeggwagh NA, Moufid A, Michel JB, Eddouks M. Hypotensive effect of Chamaemelum nobile aqueous extract in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2009;31(5):440-50.
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Hibiscus

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  • Ahad A, Raish M, Bin Jardan YA, Alam MA, Al-Mohizea AM, Al-Jenoobi FI. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale on the antihypertensive activity and pharmacokinetic of losartan in hypertensive rats. Xenobiotica. 2020:1-11.
  • Al-Anbaki M, Cavin AL, Nogueira RC, et al. Hibiscus sabdariffa, a Treatment for Uncontrolled Hypertension. Pilot Comparative Intervention. Plants (Basel) 2021;10(5):1018.
  • Al-Anbaki M, Nogueira RC, Cavin AL, et al. Treating uncontrolled hypertension with Hibiscus sabdariffa when standard treatment is insufficient: Pilot intervention. J Altern Complement Med. 2019;25(12):1200-1205.
  • Alam MA, Bin Jardan YA, Alzenaidy B, et al. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amlodipine. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021;73(9):1151-60.
  • Alarcón-Alonso J, Zamilpa A, Aguilar FA, Herrera-Ruiz M, Tortoriello J, Jimenez-Ferrer E. Pharmacological characterization of the diuretic effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (Malvaceae) extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Feb 15;139(3):751-6.
  • Ali, B. H., Al, Wabel N., and Blunden, G. Phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological aspects of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.: a review. Phytother.Res 2005;19(5):369-375.
  • Asgary S, Soltani R, Zolghadr M, Keshvari M, Sarrafzadegan N. Evaluation of the effects of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on oxidative stress and serum levels of lipids, insulin and hs-CRP in adult patients with metabolic syndrome: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Complement Integr Med. 2016;13(2):175-80.
  • Aziz Z, Wong SY, Chong NJ. Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on serum lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Nov 25;150(2):442-50.
  • Baranova, V. S., Rusina, I. F., Guseva, D. A., Prozorovskaia, N. N., Ipatova, O. M., and Kasaikina, O. T. [The antiradical activity of plant extracts and healthful preventive combinations of these exrtacts with the phospholipid complex]. Biomed.Khim. 2012;58(6):712-726.
  • Barletta C, Paccone M, Uccello N, et al. Efficacy of food supplement Acidif plus in the treatment of uncomplicated UTIs in women: a pilot observational study. Minerva Ginecol. 2020;72(2):70-74.
  • Boix-Castejón M, Herranz-López M, Pérez Gago A, et al. Hibiscus and lemon verbena polyphenols modulate appetite-related biomarkers in overweight subjects: a randomized controlled trial. Food Funct. 2018;9(6):3173-3184.
  • Builders PF, Kabele-Toge B, Builders M, Chindo BA, Anwunobi PA, Isimi YC. Wound healing potential of formulated extract from hibiscus sabdariffa calyx. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2013 Jan;75(1):45-52.
  • Bule M, Albelbeisi AH, Nikfar S, Amini M, Abdollahi M. The antidiabetic and antilipidemic effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Food Res Int. 2020;130:108980.
  • Cai T, Tamanini I, Cocci A, et al. Xyloglucan, hibiscus and propolis to reduce symptoms and antibiotics use in recurrent UTIs: a prospective study. Future Microbiol. 2019;14:1013-1021.
  • Chou ST, Lo HY, Li CC, Cheng LC, Chou PC, Lee YC, Ho TY, Hsiang CY. Exploring the effect and mechanism of Hibiscus sabdariffa on urinary tract infection and experimental renal inflammation. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Dec 24;194:617-625.
  • Da-Costa-Rocha I, Bonnlaender B, Sievers H, Pischel I, Heinrich M. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. – a phytochemical and pharmacological review. Food Chem. 2014 Dec 15;165:424-43.
  • Diantini A, Rahmat S, Alpiani A, Sumiwi SA, Lubis L, Levita J. Effect of the roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyces drink on the physiological parameters of healthy adult subjects. Biomed Rep 2021;15(5):89.
  • El Basheir, Z. M. and Fouad, M. A. A preliminary pilot survey on head lice, pediculosis in Sharkia Governorate and treatment of lice with natural plant extracts. J.Egypt.Soc.Parasitol. 2002;32(3):725-736.
  • Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 — Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  • Elkafrawy N, Younes K, Naguib A, et al. Antihypertensive efficacy and safety of a standardized herbal medicinal product of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Olea europaea extracts (NW Roselle): A phase-II, randomized, double-blind, captopril-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res. 2020;34(12):3379-3387.
  • Fakeye TO, Adegoke AO, Omoyeni OC, Famakinde AA. Effects of water extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa, Linn (Malvaceae) ‘Roselle’ on excretion of a diclofenac formulation. Phytother Res. 2007;21(1):96-8.
  • Frank, T., Janssen, M., Netzel, M., Strass, G., Kler, A., Kriesl, E., and Bitsch, I. Pharmacokinetics of anthocyanidin-3-glycosides following consumption of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. extract. J Clin Pharmacol 2005;45(2):203-210.
  • Frank, T., Netzel, G., Kammerer, D. R., Carle, R., Kler, A., Kriesl, E., Bitsch, I., Bitsch, R., and Netzel, M. Consumption of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. aqueous extract and its impact on systemic antioxidant potential in healthy subjects. J Sci Food Agric. 8-15-2012;92(10):2207-2218.
  • Gurrola-Diaz, C. M., Garcia-Lopez, P. M., Sanchez-Enriquez, S., Troyo-Sanroman, R., Andrade-Gonzalez, I., and Gomez-Leyva, J. F. Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract powder and preventive treatment (diet) on the lipid profiles of patients with metabolic syndrome (MeSy). Phytomedicine. 2010;17(7):500-505.
  • Hadi A, Pourmasoumi M, Kafeshani M, Karimian J, Maracy MR, Entezari MH. The Effect of Green Tea and Sour Tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Supplementation on Oxidative Stress and Muscle Damage in Athletes. J Diet Suppl. 2017 May 4;14(3):346-357.
  • Haji, Faraji M. and Haji, Tarkhani A. The effect of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on essential hypertension. J.Ethnopharmacol. 1999;65(3):231-236.
  • Hernandez-Perez, F. and Herrera-Arellano, A. [Therapeutic use Hibiscus sabadariffa extract in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. A randomized clinical trial]. Rev.Med Inst.Mex.Seguro.Soc. 2011;49(5):469-480.
  • Herranz-López M, Olivares-Vicente M, Boix-Castejón M, Caturla N, Roche E, Micol V. Differential effects of a combination of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Lippia citriodora polyphenols in overweight/obese subjects: A randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):2999.
  • Herrera-Arellano, A., Flores-Romero, S., Chavez-Soto, M. A., and Tortoriello, J. Effectiveness and tolerability of a standardized extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa in patients with mild to moderate hypertension: a controlled and randomized clinical trial. Phytomedicine. 2004;11(5):375-382.
  • Herrera-Arellano, A., Miranda-Sanchez, J., Avila-Castro, P., Herrera-Alvarez, S., Jimenez-Ferrer, J. E., Zamilpa, A., Roman-Ramos, R., Ponce-Monter, H., and Tortoriello, J. Clinical effects produced by a standardized herbal medicinal product of Hibiscus sabdariffa on patients with hypertension. A randomized, double-blind, lisinopril-controlled clinical trial. Planta Med 2007;73(1):6-12.
  • Iyare EE, Adegoke OA. Maternal consumption of an aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa during lactation accelerates postnatal weight and delays onset of puberty in female offspring. Niger J Physiol Sci. 2008 Jun-Dec;23(1-2):89-94.
  • Jalalyazdi M, Ramezani J, Izadi-Moud A, Madani-Sani F, Shahlaei S, Ghiasi SS. Effect of hibiscus sabdariffa on blood pressure in patients with stage 1 hypertension. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2019;10(3):107-111.
  • Johnson SS, Oyelola FT, Ari T, Juho H. In vitro inhibitory activities of the extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (family Malvaceae) on selected cytochrome P450 isoforms. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2013 Apr 12;10(3):533-40.
  • Kolawole JA, Maduenyi A. Effect of zobo drink (Hibiscus sabdariffa water extract) on pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in human volunteers. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2004;29:25-9.
  • Kuriyan R, Kumar DR, Rajendran R, Kurpad AV. An evaluation of the hypolipidemic effect of an extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa leaves in hyperlipidemic Indians: a double blind, placebo controlled trial. BMC Complement Altern Med 2010;10:27.
  • Lee CH, Kuo CY, Wang CJ, Wang CP, Lee YR, Hung CN, Lee HJ. A polyphenol extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. ameliorates acetaminophen-induced hepatic steatosis by attenuating the mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2012;76(4):646-51.
  • Levrini L, Azzi L, Bossi S. The efficacy of a dietary supplement with carnosine and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (AqualiefTM) in patients with xerostomia: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Clin Ter 2020;171(4):e295-e301.
  • Mahmoud, B. M., Ali, H. M., Homeida, M. M., and Bennett, J. L. Significant reduction in chloroquine bioavailability following coadministration with the Sudanese beverages Aradaib, Karkadi and Lemon. J.Antimicrob.Chemother. 1994;33(5):1005-1009.
  • Marhuenda J, Pérez-Piñero S, Arcusa R, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of a polyphenolic extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa and Lippia citriodora) for reducing blood pressure in prehypertensive and type 1 hypertensive subjects. Molecules. 2021;26(6):1783.
  • McKay DL, Chen CY, Saltzman E, Blumberg JB. Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. tea (tisane) lowers blood pressure in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults. J Nutr 2010;140:298-303.
  • Micucci M, Angeletti A, Cont M, Corazza I, Aldini R, Donadio E, Chiarini A, Budriesi R. Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. Flowers and Olea Europea L. Leaves Extract-Based Formulation for Hypertension Care: In Vitro Efficacy and Toxicological Profile. J Med Food. 2016 May;19(5):504-12.
  • Milandri R, Maltagliati M, Bocchialini T, et al. Effectiveness of D-mannose, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Lactobacillus plantarum therapy in prevention of infectious events following urodynamic study. Urologia. 2019;86(3):122-125.
  • Mohagheghi A, Maghsoud S, Khashayar P, Ghazi-Khansari M. The effect of hibiscus sabdariffa on lipid profile, creatinine, and serum electrolytes: a randomized clinical trial. ISRN Gastroenterol. 2011;2011:976019.
  • Mohamed R, Fernandez J, Pineda M, Aguilar M. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) seed oil Is a rich source of gamma-tocopherol. J Food Sci 2007;72:S207-11.
  • Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Ahadi Z, Barzegar K. The effect of green tea and sour tea on blood pressure of patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial. J Diet Suppl. 2013 Jun;10(2):105-15.
  • Mozaffari-Khosravi, H., Jalali-Khanabadi, B. A., Afkhami-Ardekani, M., and Fatehi, F. Effects of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on lipid profile and lipoproteins in patients with type II diabetes. J Altern.Complement Med 2009;15(8):899-903.
  • Mozaffari-Khosravi, H., Jalali-Khanabadi, B. A., Afkhami-Ardekani, M., Fatehi, F., and Noori-Shadkam, M. The effects of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on hypertension in patients with type II diabetes. J Hum.Hypertens 2009;23(1):48-54.
  • Najafpour Boushehri S, Karimbeiki R, Ghasempour S, et al. The efficacy of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on selected cardiovascular disease risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Phytother Res. 2020;34(2):329-339.
  • Ngamjarus C, Pattanittum P, Somboonporn C. Roselle for hypertension in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010:1:CD007894.
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  • Sabzghabaee AM, Ataei E, Kelishadi R, Ghannadi A, Soltani R, Badri S, Shirani S. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa Calices on Dyslipidemia in Obese Adolescents: A Triple-masked Randomized Controlled Trial. Mater Sociomed. 2013;25(2):76-9.
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Hops

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  • Caballero, I., Agut, M., Armentia, A., and Blanco, C. A. Importance of tetrahydroiso alpha-acids to the microbiological stability of beer. J AOAC Int 2009;92(4):1160-1164.
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  • Chiummariello, S., De, Gado F., Monarca, C., Ruggiero, M., Carlesimo, B., Scuderi, N., and Alfano, C. [Multicentric study on a topical compound with lymph-draining action in the treatment of the phlebostatic ulcer of the inferior limbs]. G.Chir 2009;30(11-12):497-501.
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  • Chung, W. G., Miranda, C. L., Stevens, J. F., and Maier, C. S. Hop proanthocyanidins induce apoptosis, protein carbonylation, and cytoskeleton disorganization in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells via reactive oxygen species. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009;47(4):827-836.
  • Colgate EC, Miranda CL, Stevens JF, et al. Xanthohumol, a prenylflavonoid derived from hops induces apoptosis and inhibits NF-kappaB activation in prostate epithelial cells. Cancer Lett 2007;246:201-9.
  • Cornu, C., Remontet, L., Noel-Baron, F., Nicolas, A., Feugier-Favier, N., Roy, P., Claustrat, B., Saadatian-Elahi, M., and Kassai, B. A dietary supplement to improve the quality of sleep: a randomized placebo controlled trial. BMC.Complement Altern Med 2010;10:29.
  • Deeb, D., Gao, X., Jiang, H., Arbab, A. S., Dulchavsky, S. A., and Gautam, S. C. Growth inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects of xanthohumol, a prenylated chalone present in hops, in human prostate cancer cells. Anticancer Res 2010;30(9):3333-3339.
  • Di, Viesti, V, Carnevale, G., Zavatti, M., Benelli, A., and Zanoli, P. Increased sexual motivation in female rats treated with Humulus lupulus L. extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 3-24-2011;134(2):514-517.
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  • Dorn, C., Kraus, B., Motyl, M., Weiss, T. S., Gehrig, M., Scholmerich, J., Heilmann, J., and Hellerbrand, C. Xanthohumol, a chalcon derived from hops, inhibits hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010;54 Suppl 2:S205-S213.
  • Dorn, C., Weiss, T. S., Heilmann, J., and Hellerbrand, C. Xanthohumol, a prenylated chalcone derived from hops, inhibits proliferation, migration and interleukin-8 expression of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol. 2010;36(2):435-441.
  • Dumas, E. R., Michaud, A. E., Bergeron, C., Lafrance, J. L., Mortillo, S., and Gafner, S. Deodorant effects of a supercritical hops extract: antibacterial activity against Corynebacterium xerosis and Staphylococcus epidermidis and efficacy testing of a hops/zinc ricinoleate stick in humans through the sensory evaluation of axillary deodorancy. J Cosmet.Dermatol 2009;8(3):197-204.
  • Eagon PK, Elm MS, Hunter DS, et al. Medicinal herbs: modulation of estrogen action. Era of Hope Mtg, Dept Defense; Breast Cancer Res Prog, Atlanta, GA 2000;Jun 8-11.
  • Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 — Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  • Erkkola, R., Vervarcke, S., Vansteelandt, S., Rompotti, P., De, Keukeleire D., and Heyerick, A. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot study on the use of a standardized hop extract to alleviate menopausal discomforts. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(6):389-396.
  • Fenselau, C. and Talalay, P. Is oestrogenic activity present in hops? Food Cosmet.Toxicol. 1973;11(4):597-602.
  • Franco, L., Sanchez, C., Bravo, R., Rodriguez, A. B., Barriga, C., Romero, E., and Cubero, J. The sedative effect of non-alcoholic beer in healthy female nurses. PLoS.One. 2012;7(7):e37290.
  • Fukuda T, Akiyama S, Takahashi K, Iwadate Y, Ano Y. Effect of non-alcoholic beer containing matured hop bitter acids on mood states in healthy adults: A single-arm pilot study. Nurs Health Sci 2022;24(1):7-16.
  • Fukuda T, Obara K, Saito J, Umeda S, Ano Y. Effects of hop bitter acids, bitter components in beer, on cognition in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Agric Food Chem 2020;68(1):206-12.
  • Fukuda T, Ohnuma T, Obara K, Kondo S, Arai H, Ano Y. Supplementation with Matured Hop Bitter Acids Improves Cognitive Performance and Mood State in Healthy Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;76(1):387-398.
  • Gao, X., Deeb, D., Liu, Y., Gautam, S., Dulchavsky, S. A., and Gautam, S. C. Immunomodulatory activity of xanthohumol: inhibition of T cell proliferation, cell-mediated cytotoxicity and Th1 cytokine production through suppression of NF-kappaB. Immunopharmacol.Immunotoxicol. 2009;31(3):477-484.
  • Gauruder-Burmester A, Heim S, Patz B, Seibt S. Cucurbita pepo-Rhus aromatica-Humulus lupulus combination reduces overactive bladder symptoms in women – a noninterventional study. Planta Med. 2019;85(13):1044-53.
  • Gerhard, U., Linnenbrink, N., Georghiadou, C., and Hobi, V. Vigilanzmindernde Effekte zweier pflazlicher Schlafmittel (Effects of two plant-based sleep remedies on vigilance). Schweiz.Rundsch.Med.Prax. 4-9-1996;85(15):473-481.
  • Godnic-Cvar, J., Zuskin, E., Mustajbegovic, J., Schachter, E. N., Kanceljak, B., Macan, J., Ilic, Z., and Ebling, Z. Respiratory and immunological findings in brewery workers. Am J Ind Med 1999;35(1):68-75.
  • Hall, A. J., Babish, J. G., Darland, G. K., Carroll, B. J., Konda, V. R., Lerman, R. H., Bland, J. S., and Tripp, M. L. Safety, efficacy and anti-inflammatory activity of rho iso-alpha-acids from hops. Phytochemistry 2008;69(7):1534-1547.
  • Hänsel R, Wohlfart R, and Schmidt H. The sedative-hypnotic principle of hops. 3. Communication: contents of 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol in hops and hop preparations. Planta Med 1982;45:224-228.
  • Hansel, R., Wohlfart, R., and Coper, H. [Sedative-hypnotic compounds in the exhalation of hops, II]. Z.Naturforsch.[C.] 1980;35(11-12):1096-1097.
  • Hartkorn, A., Hoffmann, F., Ajamieh, H., Vogel, S., Heilmann, J., Gerbes, A. L., Vollmar, A. M., and Zahler, S. Antioxidant effects of xanthohumol and functional impact on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Nat Prod 2009;72(10):1741-1747.
  • Henderson MC, Miranda CL, Stevens JF, et al. In vitro inhibition of human P450 enzymes by prenylated flavonoids from hops, Humulus lupulus. Xenobiotica 2000;30:235-51.
  • Heyerick, A., Vervarcke, S., Depypere, H., Bracke, M., and De Keukeleire, D. A first prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the use of a standardized hop extract to alleviate menopausal discomforts. Maturitas 5-20-2006;54(2):164-175.
  • Holick, M. F., Lamb, J. J., Lerman, R. H., Konda, V. R., Darland, G., Minich, D. M., Desai, A., Chen, T. C., Austin, M., Kornberg, J., Chang, J. L., Hsi, A., Bland, J. S., and Tripp, M. L. Hop rho iso-alpha acids, berberine, vitamin D3 and vitamin K1 favorably impact biomarkers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women in a 14-week trial. J Bone Miner.Metab 2010;28(3):342-350.
  • Jones, J. L., Fernandez, M. L., McIntosh, M. S., Najm, W., Calle, M. C., Kalynych, C., Vukich, C., Barona, J., Ackermann, D., Kim, J. E., Kumar, V., Lott, M., Volek, J. S., and Lerman, R. H. A Mediterranean-style low-glycemic-load diet improves variables of metabolic syndrome in women, and addition of a phytochemical-rich medical food enhances benefits on lipoprotein metabolism. J Clin Lipidol. 2011;5(3):188-196.
  • Kermanshahi, R. K, Esfahani, B. N, Serkani, J. E, Asghari, G. R, and Babaie, A. A. P. The study of antibacterial effect of Humulus lupulus on some of Gram positive & Gram negative bacteria. Journal of Medicinal Plants 2009;8(30):92-97.
  • Kligler, B., Homel, P., Blank, A. E., Kenney, J., Levenson, H., and Merrell, W. Randomized trial of the effect of an integrative medicine approach to the management of asthma in adults on disease-related quality of life and pulmonary function. Altern.Ther.Health Med. 2011;17(1):10-15.
  • Koetter U, Schrader E, Käufeler R, et al. A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, prospective clinical study to demonstrate clinical efficacy of a fixed valerian hops extract combination (Ze 91019) in patients suffering from non-organic sleep disorder. Phytother Res 2007;21:847-51.
  • Koetter, U and Biendl, M. HOPS. HerbalGram 2010;(87):44-57.
  • Konda, V. R., Desai, A., Darland, G., Bland, J. S., and Tripp, M. L. Rho iso-alpha acids from hops inhibit the GSK-3/NF-kappaB pathway and reduce inflammatory markers associated with bone and cartilage degradation. J Inflamm.(Lond) 2009;6:26.
  • Langezaal, C. R., Chandra, A., and Scheffer, J. J. Antimicrobial screening of essential oils and extracts of some Humulus lupulus L. cultivars. Pharm Weekbl Sci 12-11-1992;14(6):353-356.
  • Leathwood PD, Chauffard F, Heck E, Munoz-Box R. Aqueous extract of valerian root (Valeriana officinalis L.) improves sleep quality in man. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1982;17:65-71.
  • Lee KM, Jung JS, Song DK, and et al. Effects of Humulus lupulus extract on the central nervous system in mice. Planta Med 1993;59(Suppl):A691.
  • Lee, I. S., Lim, J., Gal, J., Kang, J. C., Kim, H. J., Kang, B. Y., and Choi, H. J. Anti-inflammatory activity of xanthohumol involves heme oxygenase-1 induction via NRF2-ARE signaling in microglial BV2 cells. Neurochem.Int 2011;58(2):153-160.
  • Lerman, R. H., Minich, D. M., Darland, G., Lamb, J. J., Chang, J. L., Hsi, A., Bland, J. S., and Tripp, M. L. Subjects with elevated LDL cholesterol and metabolic syndrome benefit from supplementation with soy protein, phytosterols, hops rho iso-alpha acids, and Acacia nilotica proanthocyanidins. J Clin Lipidol. 2010;4(1):59-68.
  • Lindahl O, Lindwall L. Double blind study of a valerian preparation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1989 Apr;32:1065-6.
  • Liu J, Burdette JE, Xu H, et al. Evaluation of estrogenic activity of plant extracts for the potential treatment of menopausal symptoms. J Agric Food Chem 2001;49:2472-9.
  • Lopez-Jaen, A. B., Codoñer-Franch, P, Martínez-Álvarez, J. R., Villarino-Marín, A, and Valls-Bellés, V. Effect on health of non-alcohol beer and hop supplementation in a group of nuns in a closed order. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2010;69(OCE3):26.
  • Lukaczer D, Darland G, Tripp M, et al. A pilot trial evaluating Meta050, a proprietary combination of reduced iso-alpha acids, rosemary extract and oleanolic acid in patients with arthritis and fibromyalgia. Phytother Res 2005;19(10):864-9.
  • Lupinacci, E., Meijerink, J., Vincken, J. P., Gabriele, B., Gruppen, H., and Witkamp, R. F. Xanthohumol from hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is an efficient inhibitor of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha release in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages and U937 human monocytes. J Agric Food Chem 8-26-2009;57(16):7274-7281.
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  • Mannering, G. J. and Shoeman, J. A. Murine cytochrome P4503A is induced by 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 3-methyl- 1-pentyn-3-ol(meparfynol), and tert-amyl alcohol. Xenobiotica 1996;26(5):487-493.
  • Mannering, G. J., Shoeman, J. A., and Deloria, L. B. Identification of the antibiotic hops component, colupulone, as an inducer of hepatic cytochrome P-4503A in the mouse. Drug Metab Dispos 1992;20(2):142-147.
  • Mannering, G. J., Shoeman, J. A., and Shoeman, D. W. Effects of colupulone, a component of hops and brewers yeast, and chromium on glucose tolerance and hepatic cytochrome P450 in nondiabetic and spontaneously diabetic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 5-16-1994;200(3):1455-1462.
  • Maroo N, Hazra A, Das T. Efficacy and safety of a polyherbal sedative-hypnotic formulation NSF-3 in primary insomnia in comparison to zolpidem: a randomized controlled trial. Indian J Pharmacol 2013;45(1):34-9.
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  • Nozawa H. Xanthohumol, the chalcone from beer hops (Humulus lupulus L.), is the ligand for farnesoid X receptor and ameliorates lipid and glucose metabolism in KK-A(y) mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005;336:754-61.
  • Olas, B., Kolodziejczyk, J., Wachowicz, B., Jedrejek, D., Stochmal, A., and Oleszek, W. The extract from hop cones (Humulus lupulus) as a modulator of oxidative stress in blood platelets. Platelets. 2011;22(5):345-352.
  • Overk CR, Yao P, Chadwick LR, et al. Comparison of the in vitro estrogenic activities of compounds from hops (Humulus lupulus) and red clover (Trifolium pratense). J Agric Food Chem 2005;53:6246-53.
  • Peluso, M. R., Miranda, C. L., Hobbs, D. J., Proteau, R. R., and Stevens, J. F. Xanthohumol and related prenylated flavonoids inhibit inflammatory cytokine production in LPS-activated THP-1 monocytes: structure-activity relationships and in silico binding to myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2). Planta Med 2010;76(14):1536-1543.
  • Philips, N., Samuel, M., Arena, R., Chen, Y. J., Conte, J., Natarajan, P., Haas, G., and Gonzalez, S. Direct inhibition of elastase and matrixmetalloproteinases and stimulation of biosynthesis of fibrillar collagens, elastin, and fibrillins by xanthohumol. J Cosmet.Sci 2010;61(2):125-132.
  • Possemiers, S., Bolca, S., Grootaert, C., Heyerick, A., Decroos, K., Dhooge, W., De, Keukeleire D., Rabot, S., Verstraete, W., and Van de Wiele, T. The prenylflavonoid isoxanthohumol from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) is activated into the potent phytoestrogen 8-prenylnaringenin in vitro and in the human intestine. J Nutr 2006;136(7):1862-1867.
  • Radovic, B., Hussong, R., Gerhauser, C., Meinl, W., Frank, N., Becker, H., and Kohrle, J. Xanthohumol, a prenylated chalcone from hops, modulates hepatic expression of genes involved in thyroid hormone distribution and metabolism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010;54 Suppl 2:S225-S235.
  • Ross, S. M. Sleep disorders: a single dose administration of valerian/hops fluid extract (dormeasan) is found to be effective in improving sleep. Holist.Nurs Pract 2009;23(4):253-256.
  • Salter, S. and Brownie, S. Treating primary insomnia – the efficacy of valerian and hops. Aust.Fam.Physician 2010;39(6):433-437.
  • Schiller, H., Forster, A., Vonhoff, C., Hegger, M., Biller, A., and Winterhoff, H. Sedating effects of Humulus lupulus L. extracts. Phytomedicine. 2006;13(8):535-541.
  • Schmitz M, Jäckel M. [Comparative study for assessing quality of life of patients with exogenous sleep disorders (temporary sleep onset and sleep interruption disorders) treated with a hops-valarian preparation and a benzodiazepine drug]. Wien Med Wochenschr. 1998;148:291-8.
  • Scholey A, Benson S, Gibbs A, Perry N, Sarris J, Murray G. Exploring the effects of Lactium and zizyphus complex on sleep quality: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Nutrients. 2017 Feb 17;9(2):E154.
  • Shapouri, R and Rahnema, M. Evaluation of antimicrobial effect of hops extracts on intramacrophages Brucella abortus and B. melitensis. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology 2011;4(Suppl 1):S51-S58.
  • Shou, C., Li, J., and Liu, Z. Complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Chin J Integr Med 2011;17(12):883-888.
  • Simpson, W. J. and Smith, A. R. Factors affecting antibacterial activity of hop compounds and their derivatives. J Appl Bacteriol. 1992;72(4):327-334.
  • Skorska, C., Mackiewicz, B., Gora, A., Golec, M., and Dutkiewicz, J. Health effects of inhalation exposure to organic dust in hops farmers. Ann.Univ Mariae.Curie Sklodowska [Med] 2003;58(1):459-465.
  • Stevens, J. F. and Page, J. E. Xanthohumol and related prenylflavonoids from hops and beer: to your good health! Phytochemistry 2004;65(10):1317-1330.
  • Stevens, J. F., Miranda, C. L., Frei, B., and Buhler, D. R. Inhibition of peroxynitrite-mediated LDL oxidation by prenylated flavonoids: the alpha,beta-unsaturated keto functionality of 2′-hydroxychalcones as a novel antioxidant pharmacophore. Chem Res Toxicol 2003;16(10):1277-1286.
  • Stocker HR. Sedative und hypnogene Wirkung des Hopfens. Schweizerische Brauerei-Rundschau 1967;78(4):80-89.
  • Strathmann, J., Klimo, K., Sauer, S. W., Okun, J. G., Prehn, J. H., and Gerhauser, C. Xanthohumol-induced transient superoxide anion radical formation triggers cancer cells into apoptosis via a mitochondria-mediated mechanism. FASEB J 2010;24(8):2938-2950.
  • Sun J. Morning/evening menopausal formula relieves menopausal symptoms: a pilot study. J Altern Complement Med 2003;9:403-9.
  • Swanston-Flatt, S. K., Day, C., Flatt, P. R., Gould, B. J., and Bailey, C. J. Glycaemic effects of traditional European plant treatments for diabetes. Studies in normal and streptozotocin diabetic mice. Diabetes Res 1989;10(2):69-73.
  • van Breemen RB, Chen L, Tonsing-Carter A, et al. Pharmacokinetic Interactions of a Hop Dietary Supplement with Drug Metabolism in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women. J Agric Food Chem. 2020;68(18):5212-5220.
  • van Hunsel, F. P. and Kampschoer, P. [Postmenopausal bleeding and dietary supplements: a possible causal relationship with hop- and soy-containing preparations]. Ned.Tijdschr.Geneeskd. 2012;156(41):A5095.
  • Van, Cleemput M., Heyerick, A., Libert, C., Swerts, K., Philippe, J., De, Keukeleire D., Haegeman, G., and De, Bosscher K. Hop bitter acids efficiently block inflammation independent of GRalpha, PPARalpha, or PPARgamma. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009;53(9):1143-1155.
  • Walker EG, Lo KR, Pahl MC, et al. An extract of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) modulates gut peptide hormone secretion and reduces energy intake in healthy-weight men: a randomized, cross-over clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2022;115(3):925-940.
  • Wang S, Dunlap TL, Howell CE, et al. Hop (Humuls lupulus L.) extract and 6-prenylnaringenin induce P450 1A1 catalyzed estrogen 2-hydroxylation. Chem Res Toxicol. 2016 Jul 18;29(7):1142-50.
  • Weeks, B. S. Formulations of dietary supplements and herbal extracts for relaxation and anxiolytic action: Relarian. Med Sci Monit. 2009;15(11):RA256-RA262.
  • Wohlfart, R., Hansel, R., and Schmidt, H. [The sedative-hypnotic action of hops. 4. Communication: pharmacology of the hop substance 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol]. Planta Med 1983;48(2):120-123.
  • Wohlfart, R., Wurm, G., Hansel, R., and Schmidt, H. [Detection of sedative-hypnotic active ingredients in hops. 5. Degradation of bitter acids to 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, a hop constituent with sedative-hypnotic activity]. Arch.Pharm.(Weinheim) 1983;316(2):132-137.
  • Yajima, H., Ikeshima, E., Shiraki, M., Kanaya, T., Fujiwara, D., Odai, H., Tsuboyama-Kasaoka, N., Ezaki, O., Oikawa, S., and Kondo, K. Isohumulones, bitter acids derived from hops, activate both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma and reduce insulin resistance. J Biol Chem 8-6-2004;279(32):33456-33462.
  • Yamaguchi, N., Satoh-Yamaguchi, K., and Ono, M. In vitro evaluation of antibacterial, anticollagenase, and antioxidant activities of hop components (Humulus lupulus) addressing acne vulgaris. Phytomedicine. 2009;16(4):369-376.
  • Yasukawa, K., Takeuchi, M., and Takido, M. Humulon, a bitter in the hop, inhibits tumor promotion by 12-O- tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Oncology 1995;52(2):156-158.
  • Zanoli, P., Zavatti, M., Rivasi, M., Benelli, A., Avallone, R., and Baraldi, M. Experimental evidence of the anaphrodisiac activity of Humulus lupulus L. in naive male rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 8-17-2009;125(1):36-40.
  • Zava DT, Dollbaum CM, Blen M. Estrogen and progestin bioactivity of foods, herbs, and spices. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1998;217:369-78.
  • Zhang, N., Liu, Z., Han, Q., Chen, J., and Lv, Y. Xanthohumol enhances antiviral effect of interferon alpha-2b against bovine viral diarrhea virus, a surrogate of hepatitis C virus. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(5):310-316.

Lavender

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  • Ahmad R, Naqvi AA, Al-Bukhaytan HM, Al-Nasser AH, Baqer Al-Ebrahim AH. Evaluation of aromatherapy with lavender oil on academic stress: A randomized placebo controlled clinical trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2019;14:100346.
  • Akhondzadeh S, Kashani L, Fotouhi A, et al. Comparison of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. tincture and imipramine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized trial. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2003;27:123-7.
  • Altaei, D. T. Topical lavender oil for the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulceration. Am J Dent 2012;25(1):39-43.
  • Amirhosseini M, Dehghan M, Mangolian Shahrbabaki P, Pakmanesh H. Effectiveness of aromatherapy for relief of pain, nausea, and vomiting after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a randomized controlled trial. Complement Med Res 2020:1-9.
  • Anderson C, Lis-Balchin M, Kirk-Smith M. Evaluation of massage with essential oils on childhood atopic eczema. Phytother Res 2000;14(6):452-6.
  • Apay, S. E., Arslan, S., Akpinar, R. B., and Celebioglu, A. Effect of aromatherapy massage on dysmenorrhea in Turkish students. Pain Manag.Nurs. 2012;13(4):236-240.
  • Araj-Khodaei M, Noorbala AA, Yarani R, et al. A double-blind, randomized pilot study for comparison of Melissa officinalis L. and Lavandula angustifolia Mill. with Fluoxetine for the treatment of depression. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2020;20(1):207.
  • Ardahan Akgül E, Karakul A, Altin A, Dogan P, Hosgör M, Oral A. Effectiveness of lavender inhalation aromatherapy on pain level and vital signs in children with burns: a randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2021;60:102758.
  • Arslan I, Aydinoglu S, Karan NB. Can lavender oil inhalation help to overcome dental anxiety and pain in children? A randomized clinical trial. Eur J Pediatr. 2020;179(6):985-992.
  • Bagheri-Nesami M, Espahbodi F, Nikkhah A, Shorofi SA, Charati JY. The effects of lavender aromatherapy on pain following needle insertion into a fistula in hemodialysis patients. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2014;20(1):1-4.
  • Bagheri-Nesami M, Shorofi SA, Nikkhah A, Espahbodi F, Ghaderi Koolaee FS. The effects of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on fatigue levels in haemodialysis patients: a randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016 Feb;22:33-7.
  • Bakhtiari S, Paki S, Khalili A, et al. Effect of lavender aromatherapy through inhalation on quality of life among postmenopausal women covered by a governmental health center in Isfahan, Iran: A single-blind clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2019;34:46-50. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.11.001.
  • Barker SC and Altman PM. A randomised, assessor blind, parallel group comparative efficacy trial of three products for the treatment of head lice in children–melaleuca oil and lavender oil, pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide, and a “suffocation” product. BMC Dermatol 2010;10:6.
  • Barker SC and Altman PM. An ex vivo, assessor blind, randomised, parallel group, comparative efficacy trial of the ovicidal activity of three pediculicides after a single application–melaleuca oil and lavender oil, eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil, and a “suffocation” pediculicide. BMC Dermatol 2011;11:14.
  • Bazrafshan MR, Jokar M, Shokrpour N, Delam H. The effect of lavender herbal tea on the anxiety and depression of the elderly: A randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2020;50:102393.
  • Beyliklioglu A, Arslan S. Effect of lavender oil on the anxiety of patients before breast surgery. J Perianesth Nurs. 2019;34(3):587-593.
  • Bikmoradi A, Seifi Z, Poorolajal J, et al. Effect of inhalation aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on stress and vital signs in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery: A single-blinded randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2015;23(3):331-8.
  • Bingham LJ, Tam MM, Palmer AM, Cahill JL, Nixon RL. Contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis caused by lavender: A retrospective study from an Australian clinic. Contact Dermatitis. 2019;81(1):37-42.
  • Braden, R., Reichow, S., and Halm, M. A. The use of the essential oil lavandin to reduce preoperative anxiety in surgical patients. J Perianesth.Nurs. 2009;24(6):348-355.
  • Bradley, B. F., Brown, S. L., Chu, S., and Lea, R. W. Effects of orally administered lavender essential oil on responses to anxiety-provoking film clips. Hum.Psychopharmacol. 2009;24(4):319-330.
  • Brandao FM. Occupational allergy to lavender oil. Contact Dermatitis 1986;15(4):249-250.
  • Buckle J. Aromatherapy. NursTimes 5-19-1993;89(20):32-35.
  • Buckle J. Use of aromatherapy as a complementary treatment for chronic pain. Altern Ther Health Med 1999;5:42-51.
  • Burke YD, Stark MJ, Roach SL, and et al. Inhibition of pancreatic cancer growth by the dietary isoprenoids farnesol and geraniol. Lipids 1997;32(2):151-156.
  • Cassella JP, Cassella S, Ashford R, and Siddals E. Antifungal activity of tea tree and lavender essential oils in the treatment of Trichophyton rubrum infection. Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies 2001;6(1):74.
  • Cetinkaya, B. and Basbakkal, Z. The effectiveness of aromatherapy massage using lavender oil as a treatment for infantile colic. Int J Nurs.Pract. 2012;18(2):164-169.
  • Cha, J. H., Lee, S. H., and Yoo, Y. S. [Effects of aromatherapy on changes in the autonomic nervous system, aortic pulse wave velocity and aortic augmentation index in patients with essential hypertension]. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2010;40(5):705-713.
  • Chang, S. Y. [Effects of aroma hand massage on pain, state anxiety and depression in hospice patients with terminal cancer]. Taehan Kanho.Hakhoe.Chi 2008;38(4):493-502.
  • Cheraghbeigi N, Modarresi M, Rezaei M, Khatony A. Comparing the effects of massage and aromatherapy massage with lavender oil on sleep quality of cardiac patients: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2019;35:253-258.
  • Chung, M. and Choi, E. [A comparison between effects of aroma massage and meridian massage on constipation and stress in women college students]. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2011;41(1):26-35.
  • Clegg, R. J., Middleton, B., Bell, G. D., and White, D. A. The mechanism of cyclic monoterpene inhibition of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in vivo in the rat. J Biol Chem 3-10-1982;257(5):2294-2299.
  • Conrad, P. and Adams, C. The effects of clinical aromatherapy for anxiety and depression in the high risk postpartum woman – a pilot study. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2012;18(3):164-168.
  • Cornwell S and Dale A. Lavender oil and perineal repair. Mod Midwife 1995;5(3):31-33.
  • Coulson IH and Khan AS. Facial ‘pillow’ dermatitis due to lavender oil allergy. Contact Dermatitis 1999;41(2):111.
  • D’Auria, F. D., Tecca, M., Strippoli, V., Salvatore, G., Battinelli, L., and Mazzanti, G. Antifungal activity of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil against Candida albicans yeast and mycelial form. Med Mycol. 2005;43(5):391-396.
  • Dale A, Cornwell S. The role of lavender oil in relieving perineal discomfort following childbirth: a blind randomized clinical trial. J Adv Nurs 1994;19(1):89-96.
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  • Diaz A, Luque L, Badar Z, Kornic S, Danon M. Prepubertal gynecomastia and chronic lavender exposure: report of three cases. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Jan;29(1):103-7.
  • Diego MA, Jones NA, Field T, and et al. Aromatherapy positively affects mood, EEG patterns of alertness and math computations. Int J Neurosci. 1998;96(3-4):217-224.
  • Djenane, D., Aider, M., Yanguela, J., Idir, L., Gomez, D., and Roncales, P. Antioxidant and antibacterial effects of Lavandula and Mentha essential oils in minced beef inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus during storage at abuse refrigeration temperature. Meat.Sci 2012;92(4):667-674.
  • Donelli D, Antonelli M, Bellinazzi C, Gensini GF, Firenzuoli F. Effects of lavender on anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytomedicine. 2019;65:153099.
  • Döner A, Tasci S. Effect of massage therapy with lavender oil on severity of restless legs syndrome and quality of life in hemodialysis patients. J Nurs Scholarsh 2022;54(3):304-314.
  • Doroshyenko O, Rokitta D, Zadoyan G, et al. Drug cocktail interaction study on the effect of the orally administered lavender oil preparation silexan on cytochrome P450 enzymes in healthy volunteers. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 May;41(5):987-93.
  • Dos Reis Lucena L, Dos Santos-Junior JG, Tufik S, Hachul H. Lavender essential oil on postmenopausal women with insomnia: Double-blind randomized trial. Complement Ther Med 2021;59:102726.
  • Duan, X., Tashiro, M., Wu, D., Yambe, T., Wang, Q., Sasaki, T., Kumagai, K., Luo, Y., Nitta, S., and Itoh, M. Autonomic nervous function and localization of cerebral activity during lavender aromatic immersion. Technol Health Care 2007;15(2):69-78.
  • Dunn C, Sleep J, and Collett D. Sensing an improvement: an experimental study to evaluate the use of aromatherapy, massage and periods of rest in an intensive care unit. J Adv Nurs 1995;21(1):34-40.
  • Dwyer, A. V., Whitten, D. L., and Hawrelak, J. A. Herbal medicines, other than St. John’s Wort, in the treatment of depression: a systematic review. Altern Med Rev. 2011;16(1):40-49.
  • Ebrahimi S, Paryad E, Ghanbari Khanghah A, Pasdaran A, Kazemnezhad Leili E, Sadeghi Meibodi AM. The effects of lavandula aromatherapy on pain relief after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A randomized clinical trial. Appl Nurs Res 2022;68:151638.
  • El-Alfy, A. T., Abourashed, E. A., and Matsumoto, R. R. Nature against depression. Curr Med Chem 2012;19(14):2229-2241.
  • Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 — Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  • Elegbede, J. A., Elson, C. E., Qureshi, A., Tanner, M. A., and Gould, M. N. Inhibition of DMBA-induced mammary cancer by the monoterpene d-limonene. Carcinogenesis 1984;5(5):661-664.
  • Elisabetsky, E., Marschner, J., and Souza, D. O. Effects of Linalool on glutamatergic system in the rat cerebral cortex. Neurochem.Res 1995;20(4):461-465.
  • Emami-Sigaroudi A, Salari A, Nourisaeed A, et al. Comparison between the effect of aromatherapy with lavender and damask rose on sleep quality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A randomized clinical trial. ARYA Atheroscler 2021;17(1):1-9.
  • Farshbaf-Khalili A, Kamalifard M, Namadian M. Comparison of the effect of lavender and bitter orange on anxiety in postmenopausal women: A triple-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2018;31:132-8.
  • Fetrow CW, Avila JR. Professional’s Handbook of Complementary & Alternative Medicines. 1st ed. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse Corp., 1999.
  • Firoozeei TS, Barekatain M, Karimi M, Zargaran A, Akhondzadeh S, Rezaeizadeh H. Lavender and dodder combined herbal syrup versus citalopram in major depressive disorder with anxious distress: A double-blind randomized trial. J Integr Med. 2020;18(5):409-415.
  • Firoozeei TS, Feizi A, Rezaeizadeh H, Zargaran A, Roohafza HR, Karimi M. The antidepressant effects of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.): A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Complement Ther Med 2021;59:102679.
  • Franco L, Blanck TJ, Dugan K, Kline R, et al. Both lavender fleur oil and unscented oil aromatherapy reduce preoperative anxiety in breast surgery patients: a randomized trial. J Clin Anesth. 2016 Sep;33:243-89.
  • Fujii, M., Hatakeyama, R., Fukuoka, Y., Yamamoto, T., Sasaki, R., Moriya, M., Kanno, M., and Sasaki, H. Lavender aroma therapy for behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia patients. Geriatr.Gerontol.Int 2008;8(2):136-138.
  • Gabbrielli G, Loggini F, Cioni PL, and et al. Activity of lavandino essential oil against non-tubercular opportunistic rapid grown mycobacteria. Pharmacol Res Commun 1988;20 Suppl 5:37-40.
  • Gamez MJ, Jimenez J, Navarro C, and et al. Study of the essential oil of Lavandula dentata L. Pharmazie 1990;45(1):69-70.
  • Gedney, J. J., Glover, T. L., and Fillingim, R. B. Sensory and affective pain discrimination after inhalation of essential oils. Psychosom.Med. 2004;66(4):599-606.
  • Genç F, Karadağ S, Kiliç Akça N, Tan M, Cerit D. The Effect of Aromatherapy on Sleep Quality and Fatigue Level of the Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Study. Holist Nurs Pract. 2020;34(3):155-162.
  • Generoso MB, Soares A, Taiar IT, Cordeiro Q, Shiozawa P. Lavender oil preparation (silexan) for treating anxiety: an updated meta-analysis. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017 Feb;37(1):115-17.
  • Ghaderi F, Solhjou N. The effects of lavender aromatherapy on stress and pain perception in children during dental treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2020;40:101182.
  • Ghavami T, Kazeminia M, Rajati F. The effect of lavender on stress in individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med 2022;68:102832.
  • Ghelardini C, Galeotti N, Salvatore G, and et al. Local anaesthetic activity of the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia. Planta Med 1999;65(8):700-703.
  • Ghods AA, Abforosh NH, Ghorbani R, Asgari MR. The effect of topical application of lavender essential oil on the intensity of pain caused by the insertion of dialysis needles in hemodialysis patients: A randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2015;23(3):325-30.
  • Goel N, Kim H, Lao RP. An olfactory stimulus modifies nighttime sleep in young men and women. Chronobiol Int 2005;22(5):889-904.
  • Graham PH, Browne L, Cox H, Graham J. Inhalation aromatherapy during radiotherapy: results of a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:2372-6.
  • Gray SG, Clair AA. Influence of aromatherapy on medication administration to residential-care residents with dementia and behavioral challenges. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2002;17(3):169-74.
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  • Grunebaum, L. D., Murdock, J., Castanedo-Tardan, M. P., and Baumann, L. S. Effects of lavender olfactory input on cosmetic procedures. J Cosmet.Dermatol 2011;10(2):89-93.
  • Gürler M, Kizilirmak A, Baser M. The Effect of Aromatherapy on Sleep and Quality of Life in Menopausal Women with Sleeping Problems: A Non-Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Complement Med Res. 2020;27(6):421-430.
  • Haag, J. D. and Gould, M. N. Mammary carcinoma regression induced by perillyl alcohol, a hydroxylated analog of limonene. Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol 1994;34(6):477-483.
  • Hadi, N. and Hanid, A. A. Lavender essence for post-cesarean pain. Pak.J Biol.Sci 6-1-2011;14(11):664-667.
  • Hajhashemi V, Ghannadi A, Sharif B. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the leaf extracts and essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. J Ethnopharmacol 2003;89:67-71.
  • Hamzeh S, Safari-Faramani R, Khatony A. Effects of Aromatherapy with Lavender and Peppermint Essential Oils on the Sleep Quality of Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020;2020:7480204.
  • Hardy M, Kirk-Smith MD, and Stretch DD. Replacement of drug treatment for insomnia by ambient odour. Lancet 9-9-1995;346(8976):701.
  • Hashem-Dabaghian F, Ali Azimi S, Bahrami M, Latifi SA, Enayati A, Qaraaty M. Effect of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.) syrup on olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 infection: A pilot controlled clinical trial. Avicenna J Phytomed 2022;12(1):1-7.
  • Hashemi SH, Hajbagheri A, Aghajani M. The effect of massage with lavender oil on restless leg syndrome in hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial. Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2015 Dec;4(4):e29617.
  • Hassanzadeh M, Kiani F, Bouya S, Zarei M. Comparing the effects of relaxation technique and inhalation aromatherapy on fatigue in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2018;31:210-214.
  • Hay IC, Jamieson M, Ormerod AD. Randomized trial of aromatherapy. Successful treatment for alopecia areata. Arch Dermatol 1998;134:1349-52.
  • Henley DV, Lipson N, Korach KS, Bloch CA. Prepubertal gynecomastia linked to lavender and tea tree oils. N Eng J Med 2007;356:479-85.
  • Heuberger, E., Redhammer, S., and Buchbauer, G. Transdermal absorption of (-)-linalool induces autonomic deactivation but has no impact on ratings of well-being in humans. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004;29(10):1925-1932.
  • Hirokawa K, Nishimoto T, Taniguchi T. Effects of lavender aroma on sleep quality in healthy Japanese students. Perceptual and Motor Skills 2012;114(1):111-22.
  • Holmes C, Hopkins V, Hensford C, et al. Lavender oil as a treatment for agitated behaviour in severe dementia: a placebo controlled study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002;17(4):305-8.
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  • Yoshida S, Takayama Y. Licorice-induced hypokalemia as a treatable cause of dropped head syndrome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2003;105:286-7.
  • Yoshino T, Yanagawa T, Watanabe K. Risk factors for pseudoaldosteronism with rhabdomyolysis caused by consumption of drugs containing licorice and differences between incidence of these conditions in Japan and other countries: case report and literature review. J Altern Complement Med. 2014 Jun;20(6):516-20.
  • Yu IC, Tsai YF, Fang JT, Yeh MM, Fang JY, Liu CY. Effects of mouthwash interventions on xerostomia and unstimulated whole saliva flow rate among hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled study. Int J Nurs Stud 2016;63:9-17.
  • Yuan, H. N., Wang, C. Y., Sze, C. W., Tong, Y., Tan, Q. R., Feng, X. J., Liu, R. M., Zhang, J. Z., Zhang, Y. B., and Zhang, Z. J. A randomized, crossover comparison of herbal medicine and bromocriptine against risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia in patients with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2008;28(3):264-370.
  • Zhang W, Leonard T, Bath-Hextall F, et al. Chinese herbal medicine for atopic eczema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;4:CD002291.
  • Zhang XH, Lowe D, Giles P, et al. Gender may affect the action of garlic oil on plasma cholesterol and glucose levels of normal subjects. J Nutr 2001;131:1471-8.
  • Zhang YD, Lorenzo B, Reidenberg MM. Inhibition of 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase obtained from guinea pig kidney by furosemide, naringenin and some other compounds. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1994;49:81-5.
  • Zheng, A. and Moritani, T. Effect of the combination of ginseng, oriental bezoar and glycyrrhiza on autonomic nervous activity and immune system under mental arithmetic stress. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol.(Tokyo) 2008;54(3):244-249.
  • Zhou, Y., Huang, Z., and Huang, T. [Clinical study of shengxue mixture in treating aplastic anemia]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 2000;20(3):173-175.

Nettle

  • Anon. Quercetin. Alt Med Rev 1998;3:140-3.
  • Bakhshaee M, Mohammadpour AH, Esmaeili M, et al. Efficacy of a supportive therapy of allergic rhinitis by stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) root extract: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. IJPR 2017;16(Special Issue):112-118.
  • Balzarini, J., Neyts, J., Schols, D., Hosoya, M., Van Damme, E., Peumans, W., and De Clercq, E. The mannose-specific plant lectins from Cymbidium hybrid and Epipactis helleborine and the (N-acetylglucosamine)n-specific plant lectin from Urtica dioica are potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus replication in vitro. Antiviral Res 1992;18(2):191-207.
  • Baykul, T., Alanoglu, E. G., and Kocer, G. Use of Ankaferd Blood Stopper as a hemostatic agent: a clinical experience. J Contemp Dent Pract 2010;11(1):E088-E094.
  • Bercovich, E. and Saccomanni, M. Analysis of the results obtained with a new phytotherapeutic association for LUTS versus control. [corrected]. Urologia. 2010;77(3):180-186.
  • Beyazit, Y., Kurt, M., Kekilli, M., Goker, H., and Haznedaroglu, I. C. Evaluation of hemostatic effects of Ankaferd as an alternative medicine. Altern.Med.Rev. 2010;15(4):329-336.
  • Bombardelli E and Morazzoni P. Urtica dioica L. Fitoterapia 1997;68(5):387-402.
  • Cabeza M, Bratoeff E, Heuze I, et al. Effect of beta-sitosterol as inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase in hamster prostate. Proc West Pharmacol Soc 2003;46:153-5.
  • Cai, T., Mazzoli, S., Bechi, A., Addonisio, P., Mondaini, N., Pagliai, R. C., and Bartoletti, R. Serenoa repens associated with Urtica dioica (ProstaMEV) and curcumin and quercitin (FlogMEV) extracts are able to improve the efficacy of prulifloxacin in bacterial prostatitis patients: results from a prospective randomised study. Int.J Antimicrob.Agents 2009;33(6):549-553.
  • Caliskaner Z, Karaayvaz M, Ozturk S. Misuse of a herb: stinging nettle (Urtica urens) induced severe tongue oedema. Complement Ther Med 2004;12:57-8.
  • Christensen, R. and Bliddal, H. Is Phytalgic(R) a goldmine for osteoarthritis patients or is there something fishy about this nutraceutical? A summary of findings and risk-of-bias assessment. Arthritis Res.Ther. 2010;12(1):105.
  • Chrubasik S, Enderlein W, Bauer R, and Grabner W. Evidence for antirheumatic effectiveness of Herba Urticae dioicae in acute arthritis: A pilot study. Phytomedicine 1997;4(2):105-108.
  • Chrubasik, J. E., Roufogalis, B. D., Wagner, H., and Chrubasik, S. A comprehensive review on the stinging nettle effect and efficacy profiles. Part II: urticae radix. Phytomedicine. 2007;14(7-8):568-579.
  • Chrubasik, J. E., Roufogalis, B. D., Wagner, H., and Chrubasik, S. A. A comprehensive review on nettle effect and efficacy profiles, Part I: herba urticae. Phytomedicine. 2007;14(6):423-435.
  • Czarnetzki, B. M., Thiele, T., and Rosenbach, T. Immunoreactive leukotrienes in nettle plants (Urtica urens). Int Arch Allergy Appl.Immunol. 1990;91(1):43-46.
  • Dathe G and Schmid H. [Phytotherapy of the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Double-blind study with an extract of Radicus Urticae (ERU)]. Urologe B 1987;27:223-226.
  • Durak I, Biri H, Devrim E, et al. Aqueous extract of Urtica dioica makes significant inhibition on adenosine deaminase activity in prostate tissue from patients with prostate cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2004;3:855-7.
  • Easton L, Vaid S, Nagel AK, Venci JV, Fortuna RJ. Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica): An Unusual Case of Galactorrhea. Am J Case Rep 2021;22:e933999.
  • Engelmann U, Boos G, and Kres H. [Therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia with Bazoton liquidum]. Urologe B 1996;36:287-291.
  • Eyi, E. G., Engin-Ustun, Y., Kaba, M., and Mollamahmutoglu, L. Ankaferd blood stopper in episiotomy repair. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2013;40(1):141-143.
  • Farzami B, Ahmadvand D, Vardasbi S, Majin FJ, Khaghani Sh. Induction of insulin secretion by a component of Urtica dioica leave extract in perifused Islets of Langerhans and its in vivo effects in normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003;89(1):47-53.
  • Fischer M and Wilbert D. [Efficacy testing of a phytopharmacon in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)]. In: Rutishauser G. Benigne Prostatahyperplasie. Munchen: Zuckerscherdt;1992.
  • Francois, K. O., Auwerx, J., Schols, D., and Balzarini, J. Simian immunodeficiency virus is susceptible to inhibition by carbohydrate-binding agents in a manner similar to that of HIV: implications for further preclinical drug development. Mol.Pharmacol. 2008;74(2):330-337.
  • Gansser D and Spiteller G. Aromatase inhibitors from Urtica dioica roots. Planta Medica 1995;61:138-140.
  • Goetz P. [Treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia with nettle roots]. Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie 1989;10:175-178.
  • Hallwachs, O. [Urination disorders caused by prostatic hyperplasia. Effect of Bazoton, Harzol and Prosta-capsules]. MMW.Munch.Med Wochenschr. 10-30-1981;123(44):1675-1676.
  • Hartmann RW, Mark M, and Soldati F. Inhibition of a 5 a-reductase and aromatase by PHL-00801 (Prostatonin®), a combination of PY102 (Pygeum africanum) and UR 102 (Urtica dioica) extracts. Phytomedicine 1996;3(2):121-128.
  • Hill, N., Stam, C., and van Haselen, R. A. The efficacy of Prrrikweg gel in the treatment of insect bites: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Pharm World Sci 1996;18(1):35-41.
  • Hill, N., Stam, C., Tuinder, S., and van Haselen, R. A. A placebo controlled clinical trial investigating the efficacy of a homeopathic after-bite gel in reducing mosquito bite induced erythema. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1995;49(1-2):103-108.
  • Hirano, T., Homma, M., and Oka, K. Effects of stinging nettle root extracts and their steroidal components on the Na+,K(+)-ATPase of the benign prostatic hyperplasia. Planta Med 1994;60(1):30-33.
  • Hryb, D. J., Khan, M. S., Romas, N. A., and Rosner, W. The effect of extracts of the roots of the stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) on the interaction of SHBG with its receptor on human prostatic membranes. Planta Med 1995;61(1):31-32.
  • Huber, R., Bross, F., Schempp, C., and Grundemann, C. Arnica and stinging nettle for treating burns – a self-experiment. Complement Ther.Med. 2011;19(5):276-280.
  • Jacquet, A., Girodet, P. O., Pariente, A., Forest, K., Mallet, L., and Moore, N. Phytalgic, a food supplement, vs placebo in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arthritis Res.Ther. 2009;11(6):R192.
  • Kassen A, Berges R, Senge T, et al. Effect of beta-sitosterol on transforming growth factor-beta-1 expression and translocation protein kinase C alpha in human prostate stromal cells in vitro. Eur Urol 2000;37:735-41.
  • Khalili N, Fereydoonzadeh R, Mohtashami R, Mehrzadi S, Heydari M, Huseini F. Silymarin, Olibanum, and Nettle, a mixed herbal formulation in the treatment of Type II Diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017 Oct;22(4):603-608.
  • Khosravi MH, Atefi A, Mehri A, et al. Therapeutic effects of Rosa canina, Urtica dioica and Tanacetum vulgare herbal combination in treatment of tinnitus symptoms: A double-blind randomised clinical trial. Clin Otolaryngol 2022.
  • Kianbakht S, Khalighi-Sigaroodi F, Dabaghian FH. Improved glycemic control in patients with advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus taking Urtica dioica leaf extract: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clin. Lab. 2013;59:1071-1076.
  • Klingelhoefer, S., Obertreis, B., Quast, S., and Behnke, B. Antirheumatic effect of IDS 23, a stinging nettle leaf extract, on in vitro expression of T helper cytokines. J Rheumatol. 1999;26(12):2517-2522.
  • Koch, E. Extracts from Fruits of Saw Palmetto (Sabal serrulata) and Roots of Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica): Viable Alternatives in the Medical Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Associated Lower Urinary Tracts Symptoms. Planta Med 2001;67(6):489-500.
  • Konieczynski, P. and Wesolowski, M. Water-extractable magnesium, manganese and copper in leaves and herbs of medicinal plants. Acta Pol.Pharm. 2012;69(1):33-39.
  • Konrad L, Muller HH, Lenz C, et al. Antiproliferative effect on human prostate cancer cells by a stinging nettle root (Urtica dioica) extract. Planta Med 2000;66:44-7.
  • Kraus R, Spiteller G, and Bartsch W. [(10E,12Z)-9-Hydroxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid, an aromatase inhibitor from roots of Urtica dioica]. Liebigs Ann Chem 1991;335-339.
  • Krystofova O, Adam V, Babula P, et al. Effects of Various Doses of Selenite on Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica L.). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010 Oct;7(10):3804-15.
  • Krzeski, T., Kazon, M., Borkowski, A., Witeska, A., and Kuczera, J. Combined extracts of Urtica dioica and Pygeum africanum in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: double-blind comparison of two doses. Clin Ther 1993;15(6):1011-1020.
  • Kulze, A. and Greaves, M. Contact urticaria caused by stinging nettles. Br.J Dermatol. 1988;119(2):269-270.
  • Lichius J. J., Muth C. The inhibiting effects of Urtica dioica root extracts on experimentally induced prostatic hyperplasia in the mouse. Planta Med 1997;63:307-10.
  • Lichius, J. J., Lenz, C., Lindemann, P., Muller, H. H., Aumuller, G., and Konrad, L. Antiproliferative effect of a polysaccharide fraction of a 20% methanolic extract of stinging nettle roots upon epithelial cells of the human prostate (LNCaP). Pharmazie 1999;54(10):768-771.
  • Lopatkin N, Sivkov A, Walther C, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of a combination of sabal and urtica extract for lower urinary tract symptoms–a placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial. World J Urol 2005;23:139-46.
  • Lopatkin, N. A., Sivkov, A. V., Medvedev, A. A., Walter, K., Schlefke, S., Avdeichuk, IuI, Golubev, G. V., Mel’nik, K. P., Elenberger, N. A., and Engelman, U. [Combined extract of Sabal palm and nettle in the treatment of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms in double blind, placebo-controlled trial]. Urologiia. 2006;(2):12, 14-12, 19.
  • Lopatkin, N. A., Sivkov, A. V., Schlafke, S., Funk, P., Medvedev, A., and Engelmann, U. Efficacy and safety of a combination of Sabal and Urtica extract in lower urinary tract symptoms–long-term follow-up of a placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial. Int.Urol.Nephrol. 2007;39(4):1137-1146.
  • Luczaj, L. and Szymanski, W. M. Wild vascular plants gathered for consumption in the Polish countryside: a review. J.Ethnobiol.Ethnomed. 2007;3:17.
  • Maor D, Little M. Skin contact with a stinging tree requiring intensive care unit admission. Contact Dermatitis. 2017 Nov;77(5):335-37.
  • Marks L, Partin AW, Epstein JI, et al. Effects of a saw palmetto herbal blend in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol 2000;163:1451-6.
  • Men C, Wang M, Aiyireti M, Cui Y. The efficacy and safety of Urtica dioica in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Afr J Tradit Complement Alt Med 2016;13(2):143-50.
  • Mills S, Bone K. Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy. London: Churchill Livingstone, 2000.
  • Mittman P. Randomized, double-blind study of freeze-dried Urtica dioica in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Planta Med 1990;56:44-7.
  • More M, Gruenwald J, Pohl U, Uebelhack R. A Rosa canina – Urtica dioica – Harpagophytum procumbens/zeyheri combination significantly reduces gonarthritis symptoms in a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study. Planta Med. 2017 Dec;83(18):1384-91.
  • Najafipour F, Rahimi AO, Mobaseri M, Agamohamadzadeh N, Nikoo A, Aliasgharzadeh A. Therapeutic effects of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) in women with hyperandrogenism. Int J Curr Res Aca Rev. 2014;2(7):153-160.
  • Namazi, N., Esfanjani, A. T., Heshmati, J., and Bahrami, A. The effect of hydro alcoholic Nettle (Urtica dioica) extracts on insulin sensitivity and some inflammatory indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind control trial. Pak.J.Biol.Sci. 8-1-2011;14(15):775-779.
  • Obertreis, B., Ruttkowski, T., Teucher, T., Behnke, B., and Schmitz, H. Ex-vivo in-vitro inhibition of lipopolysaccharide stimulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta secretion in human whole blood by extractum urticae dioicae foliorum. Arzneimittelforschung 1996;46(4):389-394.
  • Oliver, F., Amon, E. U., Breathnach, A., Francis, D. M., Sarathchandra, P., Black, A. K., and Greaves, M. W. Contact urticaria due to the common stinging nettle (Urtica dioica)– histological, ultrastructural and pharmacological studies. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1991;16(1):1-7.
  • Onal S, Timur S, Okutucu B, Zihnioglu F. Inhibition of alpha-glucosidase by aqueous extracts of some potent antidiabetic medicinal herbs. Prep Biochem Biotechnol. 2005;35(1):29-36.
  • Patten G. Medicinal plant review: Urtica. Aust J Med Herbalism 1993;5(1):5-13.
  • Pavone, C., Abbadessa, D., Tarantino, M. L., Oxenius, I., Lagana, A., Lupo, A., and Rinella, M. [Associating Serenoa repens, Urtica dioica and Pinus pinaster. Safety and efficacy in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms. Prospective study on 320 patients]. Urologia. 2010;77(1):43-51.
  • Purnak, T., Ozaslan, E., Beyazit, Y., and Haznedaroglu, I. C. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient with defective hemostasis successfully treated with ankaferd blood stopper. Phytother.Res. 2011;25(2):312-313.
  • Randall C, Randall H, Dobbs F, et al. Randomized controlled trial of nettle sting for treatment of base-of-thumb pain. J R Soc Med 2000;93:305-9.
  • Randall, C. F. Stinging nettles for osteoarthritis pain of the hip. Br.J Gen.Pract. 1994;44(388):533-534.
  • Randall, C., Dickens, A., White, A., Sanders, H., Fox, M., and Campbell, J. Nettle sting for chronic knee pain: a randomised controlled pilot study. Complement Ther.Med. 2008;16(2):66-72.
  • Randall, C., Meethan, K., Randall, H., and Dobbs, F. Nettle sting of Urtica dioica for joint pain–an exploratory study of this complementary therapy. Complement Ther Med 1999;7(3):126-131.
  • Rau O, Wurglics M, Dingermann T, Abdel-Tawab M, Schubert-Zsilavecz M. Screening of herbal extracts for activation of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. Pharmazie. 2006;61(11):952-6.
  • Rayburn, K., Fleischbein, E., Song, J., Allen, B., Kundert, M., Leiter, C., and Bush, T. Stinging nettle cream for osteoarthritis. Altern.Ther.Health Med. 2009;15(4):60-61.
  • Rhodes, L., Primka, R. L., Berman, C., Vergult, G., Gabriel, M., Pierre-Malice, M., and Gibelin, B. Comparison of finasteride (Proscar), a 5 alpha reductase inhibitor, and various commercial plant extracts in in vitro and in vivo 5 alpha reductase inhibition. Prostate 1993;22(1):43-51.
  • Riehemann, K., Behnke, B., and Schulze-Osthoff, K. Plant extracts from stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), an antirheumatic remedy, inhibit the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-kB. FEBS Lett 1-8-1999;442(1):89-94.
  • Safarinejad, M. R. Urtica dioica for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. J.Herb.Pharmacother. 2005;5(4):1-11.
  • Sahin, M., Yilmaz, H., Gursoy, A., Demirel, A. N., Tutuncu, N. B., and Guvener, N. D. Gynaecomastia in a man and hyperoestrogenism in a woman due to ingestion of nettle (Urtica dioica). N.Z.Med.J. 2007;120(1265):U2803.
  • Schneider H, Honold E, and Masuhr T. Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with a combination plant preparation. Results of an observational study of sabal extract WS 1473 and Urtica extract WS 1031 in the offices of urologists. Fortschr Med 1995;113(3):37-40.
  • Schneider, T. and Rubben, H. [Stinging nettle root extract (Bazoton-uno) in long term treatment of benign prostatic syndrome (BPS). Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled multicenter study after 12 months]. Urologe A 2004;43(3):302-306.
  • Schottner M, Gansser D, Spiteller G, et al. Lignans from the roots of Urtica dioica and their metabolites bind to human sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Planta Med 1997;63:529-32.
  • Schöttner M, Spiteller G, Gansser D. Lignans Interfering with 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone binding to human sex hormone-binding globulin. J Nat Prod. 1998;61(1):119-21.
  • Simões-Pires CA, Hmicha B, Marston A, Hostettmann K. A TLC bioautographic method for the detection of alpha- and beta-glucosidase inhibitors in plant extracts. Phytochem Anal. 2009;20(6):511-5.
  • Sokeland J, Albrecht J. [Combination of Sabal and Urtica extract vs. finasteride in benign prostatic hyperplasia (Aiken stages I to II). Comparison of therapeutic effectiveness in a one year double-blind study]. Urologe A 1997;36:327-33.
  • Sokeland J. Combined sabal and urtica extract compared with finasteride in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: analysis of prostate volume and therapeutic outcome. BJU Int 2000;86:439-42.
  • Tabrizi R, Sekhavati E, Nowrouzi-Sohrabi P, et al. Effects of Urtica dioica on Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022;22(3):550-563.
  • Tahri, A., Yamani, S., Legssyer, A., Aziz, M., Mekhfi, H., Bnouham, M., and Ziyyat, A. Acute diuretic, natriuretic and hypotensive effects of a continuous perfusion of aqueous extract of Urtica dioica in the rat. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;73(1-2):95-100.
  • Van der Weijden, G. A., Timmer, C. J., Timmerman, M. F., Reijerse, E., Mantel, M. S., and van, der, V. The effect of herbal extracts in an experimental mouthrinse on established plaque and gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol. 1998;25(5):399-403.
  • Van Parijs J, Broekaert WF, and Peumans WJ. Urtica dioica agglutinin: a plant lectin with antifungal properties. Archives Internationales de Physiologie et de Biochimie 1988;96(1):31.
  • Vontobel HP, Herzog R, Rutishauser G, Kres H. [Results of a double-blind study on the effectiveness of ERU (extractum radicis Urticae) capsules in conservative treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia]. (Abstract). Urologe A 1985;24:49-51.
  • Wagner H, Geiger WN, Boos G, and et al. Studies on the binding of Urtica dioica agglutinin (UDA) and other lectins in an in vitro epidermal growth factor receptor test. Phytomedicine 1995;4:287-290.
  • Wagner H, Willer F, Samtleben R, and et al. Search for the antiprostatic principle of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) roots. Phytomedicine 1994;1:213-224.
  • Younger J, Donovan EK, Hodgin KS, Ness TJ. A placebo-controlled, pseudo-randomized, crossover trial of botanical agents for Gulf war illness: Reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum), stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), and Epimedium (Epimedium sagittatum). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18(7):3671.
  • Ziaei R, Foshati S, Hadi A, et al. The effect of nettle (Urtica dioica) supplementation on the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2020;34(2):282-94.

St. John’s Wort

    • Abdali K, Khajehei M, Tabatabaee HR. Effect of St John’s wort on severity, frequency, and duration of hot flashes in premenopausal, perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Menopause 2010;17(2):326-31.
    • Abul-Ezz SR, Barone GW, Gurley BJ, et al. Effect of herbal supplements on cyclosporine blood levels and associated acute rejection. Am Soc of Nephrol Ann Mtg, Toronto, CAN 2000;Oct. 11-16:abstract A3754.
    • Adibelli Z, Karacay I, Demir M, Duran C. St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum)-related acute kidney injury. Blood Purif. 2021 Aug 24:1-3. doi: 10.1159/000518349.
    • Agollo MC, Miszputen SJ, Diament J. Hypericum perforatum-induced hepatotoxicity with possible association with copaiba (copaifera langsdorffii desf): a case report. Einstein (Sao Paulo) 2014;12(3):355-7.
    • Al-Akoum, M., Maunsell, E., Verreault, R., Provencher, L., Otis, H., and Dodin, S. Effects of Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s wort) on hot flashes and quality of life in perimenopausal women: a randomized pilot trial. Menopause. 2009;16(2):307-314.
    • Andreescu, C., Mulsant, B. H., and Emanuel, J. E. Complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of bipolar disorder–a review of the evidence. J.Affect.Disord. 2008;110(1-2):16-26.
    • Anon. A better treatment for depression? UC Berkeley Wellness Letter 1997;13:1-2.
    • Anon. Final report on the safety assessment of Hypericum perforatum extract and Hypericum perforatum oil. Int J Toxicol 2001;20:31-9.
    • Apaydin EA, Maher AR, Shanman R, et al. A systematic review of St. John’s wort for major depressive disorder. Syst Rev. 2016;5(1):148.
    • Arentz S, Smith CA, Abbott J, Fahey P, Cheema BS, Bensoussan A. Combined Lifestyle and Herbal Medicine in Overweight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Randomized Controlled Trial. Phytother Res. 2017 Sep;31(9):1330-1340.
    • Asher GN, Gartlehner G, Gaynes BN, et al. Comparative Benefits and Harms of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapies for Initial Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Altern Complement Med. 2017;23(12):907-19.
    • Assalian P. Sildenafil for SJW-induced sexual dysfunction. J Sex Marital Ther 2000;26:357-8.
    • Bancirova, M. and Lasovsky, J. The photodynamic effect: the comparison of chemiexcitation by luminol and phthalhydrazide. Luminescence. 2011;26(6):410-415.
    • Barbenel, D. M., Yusufi, B., O’Shea, D., and Bench, C. J. Mania in a patient receiving testosterone replacement postorchidectomy taking St John’s wort and sertraline. J Psychopharmacol 2000;14(1):84-86.
    • Barnes J, Barber N, Wheatley D, Williamson EM. A pilot randomised, open, uncontrolled, clinical study of two dosages of St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) herb extract (LI-160) as an aid to motivational/behavioural support in smoking cessation. Planta Med 2006;72:378-82.
    • Barone GW, Gurley BJ, Ketel BL, et al. Drug interaction between St. John’s wort and cyclosporin. Ann Pharmacother 2000;34:1013-6.
    • Bauer S, Stormer E, Johne A, et al. Alterations in cyclosporin A pharmacokinetics and metabolism during treatment with St John’s wort in renal transplant patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2003;55:203-11.
    • Beckman SE, Sommi RW, Switzer J. Consumer use of St. John’s wort: A survey of effectiveness, safety, and tolerability. Pharmacotherapy 2000;20:568-74.
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Conditions Of Use And Important Information

This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on our website. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you.

Disclaimer

Natural therapies have a wide range of potential applications. They can assist the immune system, other systems, or the body’s own natural healing processes. Additionally, they may contain some of the necessary lipids, vitamins, minerals, and amino acids. One of the many thousands of “non-essential but beneficial nutrients” can also come from them. These nutrients, such as bioflavonoids, antioxidants, and other nutritional categories, are frequently discussed.

Herbs, vitamins, and foods that may support bodily health are examples of natural cures. For instance, antioxidants are now thought to be essential for reducing oxidative damage, one of the body’s primary drivers of ageing.

We feel it is our moral duty to inform you of these, even though we cannot legally advertise them on- and offline. This is set out in the Human Medicines Regulations 2012(https://bit.ly/3QIzKeg), which is a local form of the European Herbal Directive 2004/24/EC (https://bit.ly/3tYFc3I). This states, among other requirements, that ‘The regulations govern the advertising and promotion of herbal products to ensure that they are not misleading and do not make unauthorized medicinal claims.’ 

This prevents any benefits or side effects from being mentioned on the ‘sales’ or advertising pages of any website or literature. As we insist on complying with the legal requirements, we cannot/did not publish this information on the public pages of our website.

This download provides you with generic clinical information about the individual ingredients and the blend. This is contained in this download, available only to those who choose to buy and use the product and decide to download the extra information. In this way, we also comply with other legislation, such as Natasha’s Law.

If you want to find out more information about each medicinal herb, visit our parent website at www.thehortusmedicus.com which lists all our herbal ingredients, benefits, and possible side effects.

Certain natural medicines not only help the body stay healthy under specific conditions, but they can also aid in the resolution of health issues. We recommend speaking with a licensed natural health professional, such as a medical herbalist like us, and/or your healthcare professional for the finest guidance in this area. Regretfully, we cannot legally advertise information about the several uses of natural remedies due to recent changes in UK law, but by downloading this, you accept that this constitutes an initial consultation and that you should contact us for a free consultation should you need any more information or guidance.

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