Spicy Spring™ 40g

£7.00

T’n’T Teas® Spicy Spring™ comforting herbal tea blend is a soothing and warming infusion carefully crafted to provide a sense of cosiness and relaxation.

Description

>T’n’T Teas® Spicy Spring™ comforting herbal tea blend is a soothing and warming infusion carefully crafted to provide a sense of cosiness and relaxation. This unique blend features a harmonious combination of lemon balm, peppermint, sage, lavender, spearmint, clove, peppercorns and a touch of cornflower, resulting in a tea that offers a symphony of comforting taste.

Disclaimer

This information is provided for educational and informational purposes. It is not provided to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Legally, we are unable to make these claims directly, but we urge you to review the clinical references we list on this site and conduct your own research. These products are intended for dietary supplement purposes only. Whilst we are professional herbalists, and every care has been taken to provide accurate and up-to-date information, as a consumer, you should always consult your healthcare professional before consumption, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, have a medical condition or are taking medications. We do offer free personal consultations for solutions specific to your needs.

 

Additional information

Weight50 g

Wellbeing

T’n’T Teas® Spicy Spring™ comforting herbal tea blend not only tantalises the taste buds but also promotes overall well-being, making it a perfect companion for your moments of relaxation and self-care.

The inclusion of lemon balm, known for its soothing properties, creates a sense of calm and relaxation. Peppermint and spearmint provide a refreshing quality that can aid in digestion and alleviate stress. Sage and lavender contribute to a feeling of inner balance and mental clarity, enhancing overall emotional wellbeing.

The subtle spiciness from cloves, black and white pepper provides a gentle warming sensation that can help alleviate minor discomfort and promote a sense of physical comfort. 

The presence of cornflower, aside from its visual appeal, adds a touch of delicacy and may contribute to a sense of tranquillity, further enhancing the overall sense of wellbeing.

T’n’T Teas® Spicy Spring™ comforting herbal tea blend is more than just a delicious beverage; it’s a holistic experience that can positively impact your mental and physical health, providing comfort and a moment of self-care in every sip

Profile

Colour: This tea brews into a gentle, pale gold or yellow hue, resembling a sunny meadow, which instantly evokes a sense of warmth and comfort.
Aroma: The aroma is a delightful blend of fresh and soothing notes.
Initial Taste: A gentle embrace of lemon balm and lavender, which bring a soft, citrusy sweetness and a herbal calmness to the forefront. This provides a soothing and reassuring start to your tea experience.
Midtones: As you savour your tea, the midtones come alive with the refreshing minty notes of peppermint and spearmint, which offer a cool and revitalising sensation. Sage contributes earthy undertones, adding depth and grounding to the flavour profile.
Aftertones: The aftertones are where the subtle spiciness comes into play. Clove, black pepper, and white pepper create a mild, lingering warmth that leaves you with a cozy feeling, like a comforting embrace.
Body: Medium – well-balanced, offering both soft and invigorating elements in harmony. The body provides a sense of completeness and satisfaction, making it perfect for unwinding and finding comfort in every sip.

Ingredients

Lemon balm | Peppermint | Sage | Lavender | Spearmint | Clove | Black pepper | White pepper | Cornflower

Cruelty-free and vegan product logoGMO-Free. Suitable for vegans.

T’n’T Teas® Spicy Spring uses certified, premium quality professionally mixed ingredients, from highest quality, medicinal natural herbs from around the world. We pay special attention to the purity of the plants, so we only buy the certified raw materials for our products from reliable, controlled sources, so we can ensure that we minimise contact with foreign substances during storage, transportation, and production.

Warning: Prepared in an area where Mustard seed & Celery are also used. Herbs have medicinal properties that will affect the body but should not replace examination and advice from your medical practitioner. Please check that they are happy for you to drink herbal infusions. If you feel any discomfort, stop immediately and find out the cause (it may not be herbal tea that caused the discomfort!).

This tea contains 100% natural products without allergens or impurities, and no added flavours or colourants, so its consumption should not cause any unpleasant stomach upsets.

Certified Origins

Brazilian flag denoting that one or more ingredients was ethically sourced from Brazil.Bulgarian flag denoting that one or more ingredients are ethically sourced from Bulgaria.Hungarian flag denoting that one or more ingredients are ethically sourced from Hungary.Madagascan flag denoting that one or more indgredients was ethically sourced from Madagascar.Polish flag denoting that one or more ingredients was ethically sourced from Poland.Serbian flag denoting that one or more ingredients was ethically sourced from Serbia.Sri Lankan flag denoting that one or more ingredients are ethically sourced from Sri Lanka.

Preparation

Preparation for hot tea: Boil a fresh cup of water, pour over 1 teaspoon of tea and steep with a cover for 15-20 minutes.

Possible side effects

Legally, we are unable to advertise any medical actions for our products, and that includes side effects and contradictions. If you have a concern, please arrange of free, private consultation.

Warning: Prepared in an area where Mustard seed and celery are prepared. Consult a doctor if on medication.

Clinical References

Clinical evidence of the ingredients found in this product. These are public domain references and do not relate directly to our product.

  • Abbasijahromi A, Hojati H, Nikooei S, et al. Compare the effect of aromatherapy using lavender and Damask rose essential oils on the level of anxiety and severity of pain following C-section: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial. J Complement Integr Med. 2019.
  • Abdelhakim AM, Hussein AS, Doheim MF, Sayed AK. The effect of inhalation aromatherapy in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med. 2020;48:102256.
  • Abdollahi A, Adelibahram F, Ghassab-Abdollahi N, Araj-Khodaei M, Parsian Z, Mirghafourvand M. The effect of Salvia officinalis on blood glycemic indexes and blood lipid profile in diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Complement Integr Med. 2022 Jan 25. doi: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0425.
  • Abe, S., Maruyama, N., Hayama, K., Inouye, S., Oshima, H., and Yamaguchi, H. Suppression of neutrophil recruitment in mice by geranium essential oil. Mediators.Inflamm. 2004;13(1):21-24.
  • Abe, S., Maruyama, N., Hayama, K., Ishibashi, H., Inoue, S., Oshima, H., and Yamaguchi, H. Suppression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced neutrophil adherence responses by essential oils. Mediators.Inflamm. 2003;12(6):323-328.
  • Abuhamdah, S., Huang, L., Elliott, M. S., Howes, M. J., Ballard, C., Holmes, C., Burns, A., Perry, E. K., Francis, P. T., Lees, G., and Chazot, P. L. Pharmacological profile of an essential oil derived from Melissa officinalis with anti-agitation properties: focus on ligand-gated channels. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2008;60(3):377-384.
  • Adams, M., Gmunder, F., and Hamburger, M. Plants traditionally used in age related brain disorders–a survey of ethnobotanical literature. J Ethnopharmacol 9-25-2007;113(3):363-381.
  • Agbaje, E. O. Gastrointestinal effects of Syzigium aromaticum (L) Merr. & Perry (Myrtaceae) in animal models. Nig.Q.J Hosp.Med 2008;18(3):137-141.
  • Agbor, G. A., Vinson, J. A., Oben, J. E., and Ngogang, J. Y. In vitro antioxidant activity of three Piper species. J Herb.Pharmacother. 2007;7(2):49-64.
  • Agbor, G. A., Vinson, J. A., Oben, J. E., and Ngogang, J. Y. In vitro antioxidant activity of three Piper species. J Herb.Pharmacother. 2007;7(2):49-64.
  • Aher, S., Biradar, S., Gopu, C. L., and Paradkar, A. Novel pepper extract for enhanced P-glycoprotein inhibition. J Pharm.Pharmacol. 2009;61(9):1179-1186.
  • Aher, S., Biradar, S., Gopu, C. L., and Paradkar, A. Novel pepper extract for enhanced P-glycoprotein inhibition. J Pharm.Pharmacol. 2009;61(9):1179-1186.
  • Aherne, S. A., Kerry, J. P., and O’Brien, N. M. Effects of plant extracts on antioxidant status and oxidant-induced stress in Caco-2 cells. Br.J Nutr 2007;97(2):321-328.
  • Ahmad R, Naqvi AA, Al-Bukhaytan HM, Al-Nasser AH, Baqer Al-Ebrahim AH. Evaluation of aromatherapy with lavender oil on academic stress: A randomized placebo controlled clinical trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2019;14:100346.
  • Ahmad, N., Alam, M. K., Shehbaz, A., Khan, A., Mannan, A., Hakim, S. R., Bisht, D., and Owais, M. Antimicrobial activity of clove oil and its potential in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis. J Drug Target 2005;13(10):555-561.
  • Akbari F, Rezaei M, Khatony A. Effect of peppermint essence on the pain and anxiety caused by intravenous catheterization in cardiac patients: A randomized controlled trial. J Pain Res. 2019;12:2933-2939.
  • Akdogan M, Ozguner M, Aydin G, Gokalp O. Investigation of biochemical and histopathological effects of Mentha piperita Labiatae and Mentha spicata Labiatae on liver tissue in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2004;23:21-8
  • Akdogan M, Ozguner M, Aydin G, Gokalp O. Investigation of biochemical and histopathological effects of Mentha piperita Labiatae and Mentha spicata Labiatae on liver tissue in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2004;23:21-8.
  • Akdogan M, Ozguner M, Kocak A, et al. Effects of peppermint teas on plasma testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone levels and testicular tissue in rats. Urology 2004;64:394-8.
  • Akdogan, M., Gultekin, F., and Yontem, M. Effect of Mentha piperita (Labiatae) and Mentha spicata (Labiatae) on iron absorption in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2004;20(6-10):119-122.
  • Akdogan, M., Kilinc, I., Oncu, M., Karaoz, E., and Delibas, N. Investigation of biochemical and histopathological effects of Mentha piperita L. and Mentha spicata L. on kidney tissue in rats. Hum.Exp Toxicol. 2003;22(4):213-219.
  • Akdogan, M., Tamer, M. N., Cure, E., Cure, M. C., Koroglu, B. K., and Delibas, N. Effect of spearmint (Mentha spicata Labiatae) teas on androgen levels in women with hirsutism. Phytother.Res 2007;21(5):444-447.
  • Akhondzadeh S, Kashani L, Fotouhi A, et al. Comparison of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. tincture and imipramine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized trial. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2003;27:123-7.
  • Akhondzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mohammadi M, et al. Salvia officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: a double blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Pharm Ther 2003;28:53-9.
  • Akhondzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mohammadi M, et al. Melissa officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74:863-6.
  • Akhondzadeh, S. and Abbasi, S. H. Herbal medicine in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Am J Alzheimers.Dis Other Demen. 2006;21(2):113-118.
  • Alarcon-Aguilar FJ, Roman-Ramos R, Flores-Saenz JL, Aguirre-Garcia F. Investigation on the hypoglycaemic effects of extracts of four Mexican medicinal plants in normal and alloxan-diabetic mice. Phytother Res. 2002;16(4):383-6.
  • Albrecht M, Berger W, Laux P, Schmidt U, et al. Psychopharmaka und Verkehrssicherheit. Der Einfluß von Euvegal® – Dragees forte auf die Fahrtüchtigkeit und Kombinationswirkungen mit Alkohol Z Allg Med 1995;71:1215-25.
  • Alijaniha F, et al. Heart palpitation relief with Melissa officinalis leaf extract: double blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial of efficacy and safety. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;164:378-384. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.007. Epub 2015 Feb 11.
  • Alikiaie B, Shahmoradi E, Yekdaneh A, Mousavi S. Addition of Valerian and Lemon Balm Extract to Quetiapine Reduces Agitation in Critically Ill Patients with Delirium: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(7):785-790.
  • Allahverdiyev, A., Duran, N., Ozguven, M., and Koltas, S. Antiviral activity of the volatile oils of Melissa officinalis L. against Herpes simplex virus type-2. Phytomedicine. 2004;11(7-8):657-661.
  • Alqareer, A., Alyahya, A., and Andersson, L. The effect of clove and benzocaine versus placebo as topical anesthetics. J Dent 2006;34(10):747-750.
  • Altaei, D. T. Topical lavender oil for the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulceration. Am J Dent 2012;25(1):39-43.
  • Amer, A. and Mehlhorn, H. Larvicidal effects of various essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex larvae (Diptera, Culicidae). Parasitol.Res. 2006;99(4):466-472.
  • Amer, A. and Mehlhorn, H. Larvicidal effects of various essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex larvae (Diptera, Culicidae). Parasitol.Res. 2006;99(4):466-472.
  • Amer, A. and Mehlhorn, H. Persistency of larvicidal effects of plant oil extracts under different storage conditions. Parasitol.Res. 2006;99(4):473-477.
  • Amer, A. and Mehlhorn, H. Persistency of larvicidal effects of plant oil extracts under different storage conditions. Parasitol.Res. 2006;99(4):473-477.
  • Amin, A. and Hamza, A. A. Hepatoprotective effects of Hibiscus, Rosmarinus and Salvia on azathioprine-induced toxicity in rats. Life Sci 6-3-2005;77(3):266-278.
  • Amini L, Mojab F, Jahanfar S, Sepidarkish M, Raoofi Z, Maleki-Hajiagha A. Efficacy of Salvia officinalis extract on the prevention of insulin resistance in euglycemic patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2020;48:102245.
  • Amirhosseini M, Dehghan M, Mangolian Shahrbabaki P, Pakmanesh H. Effectiveness of aromatherapy for relief of pain, nausea, and vomiting after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a randomized controlled trial. Complement Med Res 2020:1-9.
  • Andersen, K. E. Contact allergy to toothpaste flavors. Contact Dermatitis 1978;4(4):195-198.
  • Andersen, K. E., Johansen, J. D., Bruze, M., Frosch, P. J., Goossens, A., Lepoittevin, J. P., Rastogi, S., White, I., and Menne, T. The time-dose-response relationship for elicitation of contact dermatitis in isoeugenol allergic individuals. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 2-1-2001;170(3):166-171.
  • Anderson C, Lis-Balchin M, Kirk-Smith M. Evaluation of massage with essential oils on childhood atopic eczema. Phytother Res 2000;14(6):452-6.
  • Anderson LA, Gross JB. Aromatherapy with peppermint, isopropyl alcohol, or placebo is equally effective in relieving postoperative nausea. J Perianesth Nurs 2004;19:29-35.
  • Anonymous. Evaluation of the health hazard of clove cigarettes. Council on Scientific Affairs. JAMA 12-23-1988;260(24):3641-3644.
  • Apay, S. E., Arslan, S., Akpinar, R. B., and Celebioglu, A. Effect of aromatherapy massage on dysmenorrhea in Turkish students. Pain Manag.Nurs. 2012;13(4):236-240.
  • Araj-Khodaei M, Noorbala AA, Yarani R, et al. A double-blind, randomized pilot study for comparison of Melissa officinalis L. and Lavandula angustifolia Mill. with Fluoxetine for the treatment of depression. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2020;20(1):207.
  • Araj-Khodaei M, Noorbala AA, Yarani R, et al. A double-blind, randomized pilot study for comparison of Melissa officinalis L. and Lavandula angustifolia Mill. with Fluoxetine for the treatment of depression. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2020;20(1):207.
  • Araujo, C., Sousa, M. J., Ferreira, M. F., and Leao, C. Activity of essential oils from Mediterranean Lamiaceae species against food spoilage yeasts. J Food Prot. 2003;66(4):625-632.
  • Ardahan Akgül E, Karakul A, Altin A, Dogan P, Hosgör M, Oral A. Effectiveness of lavender inhalation aromatherapy on pain level and vital signs in children with burns: a randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2021;60:102758.
  • Ardakani MT, Ghassemi S, Mehdizadeh M, et al. Evaluating the effect of Matricaria recutita and Mentha piperita herbal mouthwash on management of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2016;29:29-34.
  • Arora, D. S. and Kaur, J. Antimicrobial activity of spices. Int.J Antimicrob.Agents 1999;12(3):257-262.
  • Arslan I, Aydinoglu S, Karan NB. Can lavender oil inhalation help to overcome dental anxiety and pain in children? A randomized clinical trial. Eur J Pediatr. 2020;179(6):985-992.
  • Arumugam, P. Priya N. Subathra M. Ramesh A. Environmental Toxicology & Pharmacology 2008;26(1):92-95.
  • Auf’mkolk M, Ingbar JC, Amir SM, et al. Inhibition by certain plant extracts of the binding and adenylate cyclase stimulatory effect of bovine thyrotropin in human thyroid membranes. Endocrinology. 1984 Aug;115:527-34.
  • Awad, R., Levac, D., Cybulska, P., Merali, Z., Trudeau, V. L., and Arnason, J. T. Effects of traditionally used anxiolytic botanicals on enzymes of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system. Can.J Physiol Pharmacol. 2007;85(9):933-942.
  • Awad, R., Muhammad, A., Durst, T., Trudeau, V. L., and Arnason, J. T. Bioassay-guided fractionation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) using an in vitro measure of GABA transaminase activity. Phytother.Res. 2009;23(8):1075-1081.
  • Azuma, Y., Ozasa, N., Ueda, Y., and Takagi, N. Pharmacological studies on the anti-inflammatory action of phenolic compounds. J Dent.Res. 1986;65(1):53-56.
  • Babault N, Noureddine A, Amiez N, Guillemet D, Cometti C. Acute effects of Salvia supplementation on cognitive function in athletes during a fatiguing cycling exercise: a randomized cross-over, placebo-controlled, and double-blind study. Front Nutr. 2021 Nov 30;8:771518.
  • Bablumian, IuA. [Antirelapse action of the flowers of the blue cornflower in urolithiasis]. Zh.Eksp.Klin.Med. 1978;18(6):110-114.
  • Babpour, E., Angaji, S. A., and Angaji, S. M. Antimicrobial effects of four medicinal plants on dental plaque. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 2009;3(3):132-137.
  • Bagheri-Nesami M, Espahbodi F, Nikkhah A, Shorofi SA, Charati JY. The effects of lavender aromatherapy on pain following needle insertion into a fistula in hemodialysis patients. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2014;20(1):1-4.
  • Bagheri-Nesami M, Shorofi SA, Nikkhah A, Espahbodi F, Ghaderi Koolaee FS. The effects of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on fatigue levels in haemodialysis patients: a randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016 Feb;22:33-7.
  • Bajad, S., Bedi, K. L., Singla, A. K., and Johri, R. K. Antidiarrhoeal activity of piperine in mice. Planta Med 2001;67(3):284-287.
  • Bajad, S., Bedi, K. L., Singla, A. K., and Johri, R. K. Antidiarrhoeal activity of piperine in mice. Planta Med 2001;67(3):284-287.
  • Baker, J. R., Bezance, J. B., Zellaby, E., and Aggleton, J. P. Chewing gum can produce context-dependent effects upon memory. Appetite 2004;43(2):207-210.
  • Bakhtiari S, Paki S, Khalili A, et al. Effect of lavender aromatherapy through inhalation on quality of life among postmenopausal women covered by a governmental health center in Isfahan, Iran: A single-blind clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2019;34:46-50. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.11.001.
  • Ballard CG, O’Brien JT, Reichelt K, Perry EK. Aromatherapy as a safe and effective treatment for the management of agitation in severe dementia: the results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with Melissa. J Clin Psychiatry 2002 Jul;63:553-8.
  • Bano G, Amla V, Raina RK, et al. The effect of piperine on pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in healthy volunteers. Planta Med 1987;53:568-9.
  • Bano G, Amla V, Raina RK, et al. The effect of piperine on pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in healthy volunteers. Planta Med 1987;53:568-9.
  • Bano G, et al. Effect of piperine on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of propranolol and theophylline in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1991;41;615-7.
  • Bano G, et al. Effect of piperine on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of propranolol and theophylline in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1991;41;615-7.
  • Bardaweel SK, Bakchiche B, ALSalamat HA, Rezzoug M, Gherib A, Flamini G. Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of essential oil of Mentha spicata L. (Lamiaceae) from Algerian Saharan atlas. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018;18(1):201.
  • Baricevic, D., Sosa, S., Della, Loggia R., Tubaro, A., Simonovska, B., Krasna, A., and Zupancic, A. Topical anti-inflammatory activity of Salvia officinalis L. leaves: the relevance of ursolic acid. J Ethnopharmacol. 2001;75(2-3):125-132.
  • Barker SC and Altman PM. A randomised, assessor blind, parallel group comparative efficacy trial of three products for the treatment of head lice in children–melaleuca oil and lavender oil, pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide, and a “suffocation” product. BMC Dermatol 2010;10:6.
  • Barker SC and Altman PM. An ex vivo, assessor blind, randomised, parallel group, comparative efficacy trial of the ovicidal activity of three pediculicides after a single application–melaleuca oil and lavender oil, eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil, and a “suffocation” pediculicide. BMC Dermatol 2011;11:14.
  • Barker, S., Grayhem, P., Koon, J., Perkins, J., Whalen, A., and Raudenbush, B. Improved performance on clerical tasks associated with administration of peppermint odor. Percept Mot Skills 2003;97(3 Pt 1):1007-1010.
  • Barnard, D. R. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol. 1999;36(5):625-629.
  • Bayat R, Borici-Mazi R. A case of anaphylaxis to peppermint. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2014;10(1):6.
  • Bazrafshan MR, Jokar M, Shokrpour N, Delam H. The effect of lavender herbal tea on the anxiety and depression of the elderly: A randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2020;50:102393.
  • Begas E, Tsioutsiouliti A, Kouvaras E, et al. Effects of peppermint tea consumption on the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, Xanthine Oxidase, N-acetyltranferase-2 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases-1A1/1A6 in healthy volunteers. Food Chem Toxicol 2017;100:80-9.
  • Behradmanesh S, Derees F, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Effect of Salvia officinalis on diabetic patients. J Renal Inj Prev. 2013;2(2):51-4.
  • Beyliklioglu A, Arslan S. Effect of lavender oil on the anxiety of patients before breast surgery. J Perianesth Nurs. 2019;34(3):587-593.
  • Bezerra, D. P., Pessoa, C., de Moraes, M. O., Silveira, E. R., Lima, M. A., Elmiro, F. J., and Costa-Lotufo, L. V. Antiproliferative effects of two amides, piperine and piplartine, from Piper species. Z.Naturforsch.C. 2005;60(7-8):539-543.
  • Bezerra, D. P., Pessoa, C., de Moraes, M. O., Silveira, E. R., Lima, M. A., Elmiro, F. J., and Costa-Lotufo, L. V. Antiproliferative effects of two amides, piperine and piplartine, from Piper species. Z.Naturforsch.C. 2005;60(7-8):539-543.
  • Bhalla, M. and Thami, G. P. Acute urticaria due to dental eugenol. Allergy 2003;58(2):158.
  • Bhardwaj RK, Glaeser H, Becquemont L, et al. Piperine, a major constituent of black pepper, inhibits human P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;302:645-50.
  • Bhardwaj RK, Glaeser H, Becquemont L, et al. Piperine, a major constituent of black pepper, inhibits human P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;302:645-50.
  • Bikmoradi A, Seifi Z, Poorolajal J, et al. Effect of inhalation aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on stress and vital signs in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery: A single-blinded randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2015;23(3):331-8.
  • Bingham LJ, Tam MM, Palmer AM, Cahill JL, Nixon RL. Contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis caused by lavender: A retrospective study from an Australian clinic. Contact Dermatitis. 2019;81(1):37-42.
  • Bisler H, Pfeifer R, Kluken N, Pauschinger P. [Effects of horse-chestnut seed on transcapillary filtration in chronic venous insufficiency]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1986;111:1321-9.
  • Bisset, N. G. Max Wichtl Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Practice on a Scientific Basis. Boca Raton: CRC Press;1994.
  • Bodiroga, T., Bodiroga, M., and Ognjanovic, J. Etheric oils in aromatherapia in Yugoslavia. Int Pharm Fed World Cong 2002;62:135.
  • Bol’shakova, I. V., Lozovskaia, E. L., and Sapezhinskii, I. I. [Antioxidant properties of plant extracts]. Biofizika 1998;43(2):186-188.
  • Bommer S, Klein P, Suter A. First time proof of sage’s tolerability and efficacy in menopausal women with hot flushes. Adv Ther 2011;28:490-500.
  • Bonamonte, D., Mundo, L., Daddabbo, M., and Foti, C. Allergic contact dermatitis from Mentha spicata (spearmint). Contact Dermatitis 2001;45(5):298.
  • Borhani, Haghighi A., Motazedian, S., Rezaii, R., Mohammadi, F., Salarian, L., Pourmokhtari, M., Khodaei, S., Vossoughi, M., and Miri, R. Cutaneous application of menthol 10% solution as an abortive treatment of migraine without aura: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossed-over study. Int J Clin Pract 2010;64(4):451-456.
  • Borho, B. Biologische Therapie von funktionellen Magenerkrankungen. 1991;6:501-509.
  • Bozin, B., Mimica-Dukic, N., Samojlik, I., and Jovin, E. Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of rosemary and sage (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) essential oils. J Agric.Food Chem. 9-19-2007;55(19):7879-7885.
  • Braden, R., Reichow, S., and Halm, M. A. The use of the essential oil lavandin to reduce preoperative anxiety in surgical patients. J Perianesth.Nurs. 2009;24(6):348-355.
  • Bradley, B. F., Brown, S. L., Chu, S., and Lea, R. W. Effects of orally administered lavender essential oil on responses to anxiety-provoking film clips. Hum.Psychopharmacol. 2009;24(4):319-330.
  • Brandao FM. Occupational allergy to lavender oil. Contact Dermatitis 1986;15(4):249-250.
  • Broadhurst CL, Polansky MM, Anderson RA. Insulin-like biological activity of culinary and medicinal plant aqueous extracts in vitro. J Agric Food Chem 2000;48:849-52.
  • Brown, S. A., Biggerstaff, J., and Savidge, G. F. Disseminated intravascular coagulation and hepatocellular necrosis due to clove oil. Blood Coagul.Fibrinolysis 1992;3(5):665-668.
  • Buch, J. G., Dikshit, R. K., and Mansuri, S. M. Effect of certain volatile oils on ejaculated human spermatozoa. Indian J Med Res 1988;87:361-363.
  • Buchner KH, Hellings H, Huber M, and et al. [Double blind study as evidence of the therapeutic effect of Melissengeist on psycho-vegetative syndromes]. Medizinische Klinik 1974;69(23):1032-1036.
  • Buckle J. Aromatherapy. NursTimes 5-19-1993;89(20):32-35.
  • Buckle J. Use of aromatherapy as a complementary treatment for chronic pain. Altern Ther Health Med 1999;5:42-51.
  • Budzynska, A., Wieckowska-Szakiel, M., Sadowska, B., Kalemba, D., and Rozalska, B. Antibiofilm activity of selected plant essential oils and their major components. Pol.J.Microbiol. 2011;60(1):35-41.
  • Bulat, R., Fachnie, E., Chauhan, U., Chen, Y., and Tougas, G. Lack of effect of spearmint on lower oesophageal sphincter function and acid reflux in healthy volunteers. Aliment.Pharmacol Ther. 1999;13(6):805-812.
  • Burgoyne, C. C., Giglio, J. A., Reese, S. E., Sima, A. P., and Laskin, D. M. The efficacy of a topical anesthetic gel in the relief of pain associated with localized alveolar osteitis. J Oral Maxillofac.Surg. 2010;68(1):144-148.
  • Burke YD, Stark MJ, Roach SL, and et al. Inhibition of pancreatic cancer growth by the dietary isoprenoids farnesol and geraniol. Lipids 1997;32(2):151-156.
  • Burkhard PR, Burkhardt K, Haenggeli CA, Landis T. Plant-induced seizures: reappearance of an old problem. J Neurol 1999;246:667-70.
  • Burns A, Byrne J, Ballard C, Holmes C. Sensory stimulation in dementia. BMJ 2002;325:1312-3.
  • Burns A, Perry E, Holmes C, et al. A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial of Melissa officinalis oil and donepezil for the treatment of agitation in Alzheimer’s disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2011;31:158-64.
  • Buto SK, Tsang TK, Sielaff GW, et al. Bay leaf impaction in the esophagus and hypopharynx. Ann Intern Med 1990;113:82-3.
  • Capasso, R., Izzo, A. A., Borrelli, F., Russo, A., Sautebin, L., Pinto, A., Capasso, F., and Mascolo, N. Effect of piperine, the active ingredient of black pepper, on intestinal secretion in mice. Life Sci 9-27-2002;71(19):2311-2317.
  • Capasso, R., Izzo, A. A., Borrelli, F., Russo, A., Sautebin, L., Pinto, A., Capasso, F., and Mascolo, N. Effect of piperine, the active ingredient of black pepper, on intestinal secretion in mice. Life Sci 9-27-2002;71(19):2311-2317.
  • Cases J, Ibarra A, Feuillère N, Roller M, Sukkar SG. Pilot trial of Melissa officinalis L. leaf extract in the treatment of volunteers suffering from mild-to-moderate anxiety disorders and sleep disturbances. Med J Nutrition Metab. 2011;4(3):211-218.
  • Cases J. Leaf extract in the treatment of volunteers suffering from mild-to-moderate anxiety disorders and sleep disturbances. Mediterr J Nutr Metab. 2010;4(3):211-218.
  • Cases J. Leaf extract in the treatment of volunteers suffering from mild-to-moderate anxiety disorders and sleep disturbances. Mediterr J Nutr Metab. 2010;4(3):211-218.
  • Cassella JP, Cassella S, Ashford R, and Siddals E. Antifungal activity of tea tree and lavender essential oils in the treatment of Trichophyton rubrum infection. Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies 2001;6(1):74.
  • Cerny A, Shmid K. Tolerability and efficacy of valerian/lemon balm in healthy volunteers (a double blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study). Fitoterapia 1999;70:221-8.
  • Cerny AS and Schmid K. Tolerability and efficacy of valerian/lemon balm in healthy volunteers; a double-blind placebo-controlled, multicentre study. Fitoterapia 1999;70(3):221-228.
  • Cetinkaya, B. and Basbakkal, Z. The effectiveness of aromatherapy massage using lavender oil as a treatment for infantile colic. Int J Nurs.Pract. 2012;18(2):164-169.
  • Cha, J. H., Lee, S. H., and Yoo, Y. S. [Effects of aromatherapy on changes in the autonomic nervous system, aortic pulse wave velocity and aortic augmentation index in patients with essential hypertension]. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2010;40(5):705-713.
  • Chaieb, K., Hajlaoui, H., Zmantar, T., Kahla-Nakbi, A. B., Rouabhia, M., Mahdouani, K., and Bakhrouf, A. The chemical composition and biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata (Syzigium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): a short review. Phytother.Res. 2007;21(6):501-506.
  • Chakurski I, Matev M, Koichev A, et al. [Treatment of chronic colitis with an herbal combination of Taraxacum officinale, Hipericum perforatum, Melissa officinaliss, Calendula officinalis and Foeniculum vulgare]. Vutr Boles. 1981;20:51-4.
  • Chang, F. Y. and Lu, C. L. The clinical significances of irritable bowel syndrome in Taiwan. J Gastroenterol.Hepatol. 2011;26 Suppl 3:102-105.
  • Chang, F. Y. and Lu, C. L. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome using complementary and alternative medicine. J Chin Med.Assoc. 2009;72(6):294-300.
  • Chang, S. Y. [Effects of aroma hand massage on pain, state anxiety and depression in hospice patients with terminal cancer]. Taehan Kanho.Hakhoe.Chi 2008;38(4):493-502.
  • Chaubey, M. K. Fumigant toxicity of essential oils from some common spices against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). J Oleo.Sci 2008;57(3):171-179.
  • Chaubey, M. K. Fumigant toxicity of essential oils from some common spices against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). J Oleo.Sci 2008;57(3):171-179.
  • Chaudhry, N. M. and Tariq, P. Bactericidal activity of black pepper, bay leaf, aniseed and coriander against oral isolates. Pak.J Pharm Sci 2006;19(3):214-218.
  • Chaudhry, N. M. and Tariq, P. Bactericidal activity of black pepper, bay leaf, aniseed and coriander against oral isolates. Pak.J Pharm Sci 2006;19(3):214-218.
  • Chen SJ, Wang MH, Chen IJ. Antiplatelet and calcium inhibitory properties of eugenol and sodium eugenol acetate. Gen Pharmacol 1996;27:629-33.
  • Chen, D. C., Lee, Y. Y., Yeh, P. Y., Lin, J. C., Chen, Y. L., and Hung, S. L. Eugenol inhibited the antimicrobial functions of neutrophils. J Endod. 2008;34(2):176-180.
  • Cheraghbeigi N, Modarresi M, Rezaei M, Khatony A. Comparing the effects of massage and aromatherapy massage with lavender oil on sleep quality of cardiac patients: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2019;35:253-258.
  • Choi HK, Jung GW, Moon KH, et al. Clinical study of SS-Cream in patients with lifelong premature ejaculation. Urology 2000;55:257-61.
  • Chung MJ, Cho SY, Bhuiyan MJ, et al. Anti-diabetic effects of lemon balm ( Melissa officinalis) essential oil on glucose- and lipid-regulating enzymes in type 2 diabetic mice. Br.J.Nutr. 2010;104:180-188.
  • Chung, G., Rhee, J. N., Jung, S. J., Kim, J. S., and Oh, S. B. Modulation of CaV2.3 calcium channel currents by eugenol. J Dent.Res. 2008;87(2):137-141.
  • Chung, M. and Choi, E. [A comparison between effects of aroma massage and meridian massage on constipation and stress in women college students]. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2011;41(1):26-35.
  • Cisak, E., Wojcik-Fatla, A., Zajac, V., and Dutkiewicz, J. Repellents and acaricides as personal protection measures in the prevention of tick-borne diseases. Ann Agric.Environ.Med. 2012;19(4):625-630.
  • Clayton, R. and Orton, D. Contact allergy to spearmint oil in a patient with oral lichen planus. Contact Dermatitis 2004;51(5-6):314-315.
  • Clegg, R. J., Middleton, B., Bell, G. D., and White, D. A. The mechanism of cyclic monoterpene inhibition of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in vivo in the rat. J Biol Chem 3-10-1982;257(5):2294-2299.
  • Cohen RA, Kucera LS, and Herrmann EC. Antiviral activity of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) extract (29600). Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 1964;117:431-434.
  • Cohen, B. M. and Dressler, W. E. Acute aromatics inhalation modifies the airways. Effects of the common cold. Respiration 1982;43(4):285-293.
  • Cohle SD, Trestrail JD III, Graham MA, et al. Fatal pepper aspiration. Am J Dis Child 1988;142:633-6.
  • Cohle SD, Trestrail JD III, Graham MA, et al. Fatal pepper aspiration. Am J Dis Child 1988;142:633-6.
  • Connelly AE, Tucker AJ, Tulk H, et al. High-rosmarinic acid spearmint tea in the management of knee osteoarthritis symptoms. J Med Food 2014;17:1361-7.
  • Conrad, P. and Adams, C. The effects of clinical aromatherapy for anxiety and depression in the high risk postpartum woman – a pilot study. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2012;18(3):164-168.
  • Cordell B, Buckle J. The effects of aromatherapy on nicotine craving on a U.S. campus: a small comparison study. J Altern Complement Med. 2013 Aug;19(8):709-13. doi: 10.1089/acm.2012.0537.
  • Cordell B, Buckle J. The effects of aromatherapy on nicotine craving on a U.S. campus: a small comparison study. J Altern Complement Med. 2013 Aug;19(8):709-13. doi: 10.1089/acm.2012.0537.
  • Cornwell S and Dale A. Lavender oil and perineal repair. Mod Midwife 1995;5(3):31-33.
  • Cortés-Rojas DF, de Souza CR, Oliveira WP. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum): a precious spice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014;4(2):90-6.
  • Coulson IH and Khan AS. Facial ‘pillow’ dermatitis due to lavender oil allergy. Contact Dermatitis 1999;41(2):111.
  • Covington TR, et al. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 11th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1996.
  • Cwikla, C., Schmidt, K., Matthias, A., Bone, K. M., Lehmann, R., and Tiralongo, E. Investigations into the antibacterial activities of phytotherapeutics against Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni. Phytother.Res 2010;24(5):649-656.
  • D’Auria, F. D., Tecca, M., Strippoli, V., Salvatore, G., Battinelli, L., and Mazzanti, G. Antifungal activity of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil against Candida albicans yeast and mycelial form. Med Mycol. 2005;43(5):391-396.
  • da Rocha, M. D., Viegas, F. P., Campos, H. C., Nicastro, P. C., Fossaluzza, P. C., Fraga, C. A., Barreiro, E. J., and Viegas, C., Jr. The role of natural products in the discovery of new drug candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders II: Alzheimer’s disease. CNS.Neurol.Disord.Drug Targets. 2011;10(2):251-270.
  • Dal Sacco, D., Gibelli, D., and Gallo, R. Contact allergy in the burning mouth syndrome: a retrospective study on 38 patients. Acta Derm.Venereol. 2005;85(1):63-64.
  • Dale A, Cornwell S. The role of lavender oil in relieving perineal discomfort following childbirth: a blind randomized clinical trial. J Adv Nurs 1994;19(1):89-96.
  • Dall’Acqua S, Perissutti B, Grabnar I, Farra R, Comar M, Agostinis C, et al. Pharmacokinetics and immunomodulatory effect of lipophilic Echinacea extract formulated in softgel capsules. C, et al. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2015 Nov;97(Pt A):8-14. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.09.021.
  • Damiani E, Aloia AM, Priore MG, et al. Allergy to mint (Mentha spicata). J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2012;22:309-10.
  • Davari H, Ebrahimian A, Rezayei S, Tourdeh M. Effect of lavender aromatherapy on sleep quality and physiological indicators in patients after CABG surgery: A clinical trial study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(4):429-434.
  • de Sousa, A. C., Alviano, D. S., Blank, A. F., Alves, P. B., Alviano, C. S., and Gattass, C. R. Melissa officinalis L. essential oil: antitumoral and antioxidant activities. J Pharm.Pharmacol. 2004;56(5):677-681.
  • de Sousa, D. P., Farias Nobrega, F. F., and de Almeida, R. N. Influence of the chirality of (R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-carvone in the central nervous system: a comparative study. Chirality 5-5-2007;19(4):264-268.
  • De, Leo, V, Lanzetta, D., Cazzavacca, R., and Morgante, G. [Treatment of neurovegetative menopausal symptoms with a phytotherapeutic agent]. Minerva Ginecol. 1998;50(5):207-211.
  • Dearlove, R. P., Greenspan, P., Hartle, D. K., Swanson, R. B., and Hargrove, J. L. Inhibition of protein glycation by extracts of culinary herbs and spices. J Med Food 2008;11(2):275-281.
  • Dearlove, R. P., Greenspan, P., Hartle, D. K., Swanson, R. B., and Hargrove, J. L. Inhibition of protein glycation by extracts of culinary herbs and spices. J Med Food 2008;11(2):275-281.
  • Diaz A, Luque L, Badar Z, Kornic S, Danon M. Prepubertal gynecomastia and chronic lavender exposure: report of three cases. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Jan;29(1):103-7.
  • Diego MA, Jones NA, Field T, and et al. Aromatherapy positively affects mood, EEG patterns of alertness and math computations. Int J Neurosci. 1998;96(3-4):217-224.
  • Dimitrova, Z., Dimov, B., Manolova, N., Pancheva, S., Ilieva, D., and Shishkov, S. Antiherpes effect of Melissa officinalis L. extracts. Acta Microbiol Bulg. 1993;29:65-72.
  • Djenane, D., Aider, M., Yanguela, J., Idir, L., Gomez, D., and Roncales, P. Antioxidant and antibacterial effects of Lavandula and Mentha essential oils in minced beef inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus during storage at abuse refrigeration temperature. Meat.Sci 2012;92(4):667-674.
  • Dkbas, N., Bagc, E., Kotan, R., Cakmakc, R., Ozer, H., Mete, E., and Erdogan, G. Comparative antibacterial activities and chemical composition of some plants’ oils against Salmonella enteritidis. Research on Crops 2010;11(1):118-124.
  • Donelli D, Antonelli M, Bellinazzi C, Gensini GF, Firenzuoli F. Effects of lavender on anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytomedicine. 2019;65:153099.
  • Döner A, Tasci S. Effect of massage therapy with lavender oil on severity of restless legs syndrome and quality of life in hemodialysis patients. J Nurs Scholarsh 2022;54(3):304-314.
  • Dorman HJ, Deans SG. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J Appl Microbiol 2000;88:308-16.
  • Dorman HJ, Deans SG. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J Appl Microbiol 2000;88:308-16.
  • Dorman HJ, Deans SG. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J Appl Microbiol 2000;88:308-16.
  • Dorman, H. J., Kosar, M., Baser, K. H., and Hiltunen, R. Phenolic profile and antioxidant evaluation of Mentha x piperita L. (peppermint) extracts. Nat Prod Commun. 2009;4(4):535-542.
  • Doroshyenko O, Rokitta D, Zadoyan G, et al. Drug cocktail interaction study on the effect of the orally administered lavender oil preparation silexan on cytochrome P450 enzymes in healthy volunteers. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 May;41(5):987-93.
  • Dos Reis Lucena L, Dos Santos-Junior JG, Tufik S, Hachul H. Lavender essential oil on postmenopausal women with insomnia: Double-blind randomized trial. Complement Ther Med 2021;59:102726.
  • Dos Santos-Neto, L. L., Vilhena Toledo, M. A., Medeiros-Souza, P., and de Souza, G. A. The use of herbal medicine in Alzheimer’s disease-a systematic review. Evid.Based.Complement Alternat.Med 2006;3(4):441-445.
  • Dressing H, Kohler S, and Muller WE. Improvement in sleep quality with a high dose valerian-melissa preparation . Psychopharmakotherapie 1996;3:123-130.
  • Dressing H, Kohler S, and Muller WE. Improvement in sleep quality with a high dose valerian-melissa preparation . Psychopharmakotherapie 1996;3:123-130.
  • Dressing H. Valerian combination therapy vs. benzodiazepine: same efficacy in the treatment of sleeping disorders? Therapiewoche 1992;42(12):726-736.
  • Drozd, J. and Anuszewska, E. The effect of the Melissa officinalis extract on immune response in mice. Acta Pol.Pharm. 2003;60(6):467-470.
  • Duan, X., Tashiro, M., Wu, D., Yambe, T., Wang, Q., Sasaki, T., Kumagai, K., Luo, Y., Nitta, S., and Itoh, M. Autonomic nervous function and localization of cerebral activity during lavender aromatic immersion. Technol Health Care 2007;15(2):69-78.
  • Duband, F., Carnat, A. P., Carnat, A., Petitjean-Freytet, C., Clair, G., and Lamaison, J. L. [Aromatic and polyphenolic composition of infused peppermint, Mentha x piperita L.]. Ann.Pharm Fr. 1992;50(3):146-155.
  • Duessel, S., Heuertz, R. M., and Ezekiel, U. R. Growth inhibition of human colon cancer cells by plant compounds. Clin Lab Sci. 2008;21(3):151-157.
  • Duessel, S., Heuertz, R. M., and Ezekiel, U. R. Growth inhibition of human colon cancer cells by plant compounds. Clin Lab Sci. 2008;21(3):151-157.
  • Dunn C, Sleep J, and Collett D. Sensing an improvement: an experimental study to evaluate the use of aromatherapy, massage and periods of rest in an intensive care unit. J Adv Nurs 1995;21(1):34-40.
  • Dwivedi V, Shrivastava R, Hussain S, Ganguly C, Bharadwaj M. Comparative anticancer potential of clove (Syzygium aromaticum)- an Indian spice- against cancer cell lines of various anatomical origin. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011;12(8):1989-93.
  • Dwyer, A. V., Whitten, D. L., and Hawrelak, J. A. Herbal medicines, other than St. John’s Wort, in the treatment of depression: a systematic review. Altern Med Rev. 2011;16(1):40-49.
  • Dyrbye, B. A., Dubois, L., Vink, R., and Horn, J. A patient with clove oil intoxication. Anaesth.Intensive Care 2012;40(2):365-366.
  • Ebbinghaus K D. A ‘tea’ containing various plant products as adjuvant to chemotherapy of urinary tract infections. Therapiewoche 1985;35:2041-2051.
  • Ebihara, T., Ebihara, S., Maruyama, M., Kobayashi, M., Itou, A., Arai, H., and Sasaki, H. A randomized trial of olfactory stimulation using black pepper oil in older people with swallowing dysfunction. J Am Geriatr Soc 2006;54(9):1401-1406.
  • Ebihara, T., Ebihara, S., Maruyama, M., Kobayashi, M., Itou, A., Arai, H., and Sasaki, H. A randomized trial of olfactory stimulation using black pepper oil in older people with swallowing dysfunction. J Am Geriatr Soc 2006;54(9):1401-1406.
  • Ebrahimi S, Paryad E, Ghanbari Khanghah A, Pasdaran A, Kazemnezhad Leili E, Sadeghi Meibodi AM. The effects of lavandula aromatherapy on pain relief after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A randomized clinical trial. Appl Nurs Res 2022;68:151638.
  • Eccles, R. and Jones, A. S. The effect of menthol on nasal resistance to air flow. J Laryngol Otol 1983;97(8):705-709.
  • Eccles, R., Griffiths, D. H., Newton, C. G., and Tolley, N. S. The effects of D and L isomers of menthol upon nasal sensation of airflow. J Laryngol Otol 1988;102(6):506-508.
  • Eidi, M., Eidi, A., and Bahar, M. Effects of Salvia officinalis L. (sage) leaves on memory retention and its interaction with the cholinergic system in rats. Nutrition 2006;22(3):321-326.
  • Eidi, M., Eidi, A., and Zamanizadeh, H. Effect of Salvia officinalis L. leaves on serum glucose and insulin in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 9-14-2005;100(3):310-313.
  • Eisen, J. S., Koren, G., Juurlink, D. N., and Ng, V. L. N-acetylcysteine for the treatment of clove oil-induced fulminant hepatic failure. J Toxicol.Clin Toxicol. 2004;42(1):89-92.
  • El-Alfy, A. T., Abourashed, E. A., and Matsumoto, R. R. Nature against depression. Curr Med Chem 2012;19(14):2229-2241.
  • el-Mofty MM, Khudoley VV, Shwaireb MH. Carcinogenic effect of force-feeding an extract of black pepper (Piper nigrum) in Egyptian toads (Bufo regularis). Oncology 1991;48:347-50.
  • el-Mofty MM, Khudoley VV, Shwaireb MH. Carcinogenic effect of force-feeding an extract of black pepper (Piper nigrum) in Egyptian toads (Bufo regularis). Oncology 1991;48:347-50.
  • Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 — Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  • Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 — Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  • Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 — Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  • Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 — Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  • Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 — Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  • Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 — Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  • Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 — Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  • Elegbede, J. A., Elson, C. E., Qureshi, A., Tanner, M. A., and Gould, M. N. Inhibition of DMBA-induced mammary cancer by the monoterpene d-limonene. Carcinogenesis 1984;5(5):661-664.
  • Elisabetsky, E., Marschner, J., and Souza, D. O. Effects of Linalool on glutamatergic system in the rat cerebral cortex. Neurochem.Res 1995;20(4):461-465.
  • Elwakeel, H. A., Moneim, H. A., Farid, M., and Gohar, A. A. Clove oil cream: a new effective treatment for chronic anal fissure. Colorectal Dis. 2007;9(6):549-552.
  • Emami-Sigaroudi A, Salari A, Nourisaeed A, et al. Comparison between the effect of aromatherapy with lavender and damask rose on sleep quality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A randomized clinical trial. ARYA Atheroscler 2021;17(1):1-9.
  • Enck, P., Junne, F., Klosterhalfen, S., Zipfel, S., and Martens, U. Therapy options in irritable bowel syndrome. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;22(12):1402-1411.
  • Englberger, W., Hadding, U., Etschenberg, E., Graf, E., Leyck, S., Winkelmann, J., and Parnham, M. J. Rosmarinic acid: a new inhibitor of complement C3-convertase with anti- inflammatory activity. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1988;10(6):729-737.
  • Escher GB, Santos JS, Rosso ND, et al. Chemical study, antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, and cytotoxic/cytoprotective activities of Centaurea cyanus L. petals aqueous extract. Food Chem Toxicol. 2018;118:439-453.
  • Faas, L., Venkatasamy, R., Hider, R. C., Young, A. R., and Soumyanath, A. In vivo evaluation of piperine and synthetic analogues as potential treatments for vitiligo using a sparsely pigmented mouse model. Br.J Dermatol. 2008;158(5):941-950.
  • Faas, L., Venkatasamy, R., Hider, R. C., Young, A. R., and Soumyanath, A. In vivo evaluation of piperine and synthetic analogues as potential treatments for vitiligo using a sparsely pigmented mouse model. Br.J Dermatol. 2008;158(5):941-950.
  • Fabio, A., Cermelli, C., Fabio, G., Nicoletti, P., and Quaglio, P. Screening of the antibacterial effects of a variety of essential oils on microorganisms responsible for respiratory infections. Phytother.Res. 2007;21(4):374-377.
  • Falcone PH, Nieman KM, Tribby AC, et al. The attention-enhancing effects of spearmint extract supplementation in healthy men and women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial. Nutr Res. 2019;64:24-38.
  • Falcone PH, Tribby AC, Vogel RM, et al. Efficacy of a nootropic spearmint extract on reactive agility: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018;15(1):58.
  • Farshbaf-Khalili A, Kamalifard M, Namadian M. Comparison of the effect of lavender and bitter orange on anxiety in postmenopausal women: A triple-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2018;31:132-8.
  • Fecka, I. and Turek, S. Determination of water-soluble polyphenolic compounds in commercial herbal teas from Lamiaceae: peppermint, melissa, and sage. J Agric.Food Chem 12-26-2007;55(26):10908-10917.
  • Feres, M., Figueiredo, L. C., Barreto, I. M., Coelho, M. H., Araujo, M. W., and Cortelli, S. C. In vitro antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and propolis in saliva samples of healthy and periodontally-involved subjects. J Int.Acad.Periodontol. 2005;7(3):90-96.
  • Fetrow CW, Avila JR. Professional’s Handbook of Complementary & Alternative Medicines. 1st ed. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse Corp., 1999.
  • Fetrow CW, Avila JR. Professional’s Handbook of Complementary & Alternative Medicines. 1st ed. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse Corp., 1999.
  • Firoozeei TS, Barekatain M, Karimi M, Zargaran A, Akhondzadeh S, Rezaeizadeh H. Lavender and dodder combined herbal syrup versus citalopram in major depressive disorder with anxious distress: A double-blind randomized trial. J Integr Med. 2020;18(5):409-415.
  • Firoozeei TS, Feizi A, Rezaeizadeh H, Zargaran A, Roohafza HR, Karimi M. The antidepressant effects of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.): A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Complement Ther Med 2021;59:102679.
  • Fortes, C., Forastiere, F., Farchi, S., Mallone, S., Trequattrinni, T., Anatra, F., Schmid, G., and Perucci, C. A. The protective effect of the Mediterranean diet on lung cancer. Nutr Cancer 2003;46(1):30-37.
  • Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Hana J, et al. In vitro inhibition of human cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of marker substrates by natural products. Phytomedicine 2003;10:334-42.
  • Fotos, P. G., Woolverton, C. J., Van Dyke, K., and Powell, R. L. Effects of eugenol on polymorphonuclear cell migration and chemiluminescence. J Dent.Res. 1987;66(3):774-777.
  • Francalanci, S., Sertoli, A., Giorgini, S., Pigatto, P., Santucci, B., and Valsecchi, R. Multicentre study of allergic contact cheilitis from toothpastes. Contact Dermatitis 2000;43(4):216-222.
  • Franco L, Blanck TJ, Dugan K, Kline R, et al. Both lavender fleur oil and unscented oil aromatherapy reduce preoperative anxiety in breast surgery patients: a randomized trial. J Clin Anesth. 2016 Sep;33:243-89.
  • Freeman, S., Ebihara, S., Ebihara, T., Niu, K., Kohzuki, M., Arai, H., and Butler, J. P. Olfactory stimuli and enhanced postural stability in older adults. Gait.Posture. 2009;29(4):658-660.
  • Freeman, S., Ebihara, S., Ebihara, T., Niu, K., Kohzuki, M., Arai, H., and Butler, J. P. Olfactory stimuli and enhanced postural stability in older adults. Gait.Posture. 2009;29(4):658-660.
  • Freire-de-Lima, L., Ribeiro, T. S., Rocha, G. M., Brandao, B. A., Romeiro, A., Mendonca-Previato, L., Previato, J. O., de Lima, M. E., de Carvalho, T. M., and Heise, N. The toxic effects of piperine against Trypanosoma cruzi: ultrastructural alterations and reversible blockage of cytokinesis in epimastigote forms. Parasitol.Res. 2008;102(5):1059-1067.
  • Freire-de-Lima, L., Ribeiro, T. S., Rocha, G. M., Brandao, B. A., Romeiro, A., Mendonca-Previato, L., Previato, J. O., de Lima, M. E., de Carvalho, T. M., and Heise, N. The toxic effects of piperine against Trypanosoma cruzi: ultrastructural alterations and reversible blockage of cytokinesis in epimastigote forms. Parasitol.Res. 2008;102(5):1059-1067.
  • Friedman, M., Henika, P. R., and Mandrell, R. E. Bactericidal activities of plant essential oils and some of their isolated constituents against Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica. J Food Prot. 2002;65(10):1545-1560.
  • Friedman, M., Henika, P. R., Levin, C. E., and Mandrell, R. E. Antibacterial activities of plant essential oils and their components against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica in apple juice. J Agric.Food Chem. 9-22-2004;52(19):6042-6048.
  • Friedman, M., Levin, C. E., Lee, S. U., Lee, J. S., Ohnisi-Kameyama, M., and Kozukue, N. Analysis by HPLC and LC/MS of pungent piperamides in commercial black, white, green, and red whole and ground peppercorns. J Agric.Food Chem. 5-14-2008;56(9):3028-3036.
  • Friedman, M., Levin, C. E., Lee, S. U., Lee, J. S., Ohnisi-Kameyama, M., and Kozukue, N. Analysis by HPLC and LC/MS of pungent piperamides in commercial black, white, green, and red whole and ground peppercorns. J Agric.Food Chem. 5-14-2008;56(9):3028-3036.
  • Fu, Y., Chen, L., Zu, Y., Liu, Z., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Yao, L., and Efferth, T. The antibacterial activity of clove essential oil against Propionibacterium acnes and its mechanism of action. Arch.Dermatol. 2009;145(1):86-88.
  • Fu, Y., Zu, Y., Chen, L., Shi, X., Wang, Z., Sun, S., and Efferth, T. Antimicrobial activity of clove and rosemary essential oils alone and in combination. Phytother.Res. 2007;21(10):989-994.
  • Fujii, M., Hatakeyama, R., Fukuoka, Y., Yamamoto, T., Sasaki, R., Moriya, M., Kanno, M., and Sasaki, H. Lavender aroma therapy for behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia patients. Geriatr.Gerontol.Int 2008;8(2):136-138.
  • Futrell, J. M. and Rietschel, R. L. Spice allergy evaluated by results of patch tests. Cutis 1993;52(5):288-290.
  • Gabbrielli G, Loggini F, Cioni PL, and et al. Activity of lavandino essential oil against non-tubercular opportunistic rapid grown mycobacteria. Pharmacol Res Commun 1988;20 Suppl 5:37-40.
  • Gaby, A. R. Natural remedies for Herpes simplex. Altern.Med Rev. 2006;11(2):93-101.
  • Gamez MJ, Jimenez J, Navarro C, and et al. Study of the essential oil of Lavandula dentata L. Pharmazie 1990;45(1):69-70.
  • Garbacki, N., Gloaguen, V., Damas, J., Bodart, P., Tits, M., and Angenot, L. Anti-inflammatory and immunological effects of Centaurea cyanus flower-heads. J Ethnopharmacol 12-15-1999;68(1-3):235-241.
  • Gazola, R., Machado, D., Ruggiero, C., Singi, G., and Macedo, Alexandre M. Lippia alba, Melissa officinalis and Cymbopogon citratus: effects of the aqueous extracts on the isolated hearts of rats. Pharmacol.Res 2004;50(5):477-480.
  • Gedney, J. J., Glover, T. L., and Fillingim, R. B. Sensory and affective pain discrimination after inhalation of essential oils. Psychosom.Med. 2004;66(4):599-606.
  • Gelal, A., Jacob, P., III, Yu, L., and Benowitz, N. L. Disposition kinetics and effects of menthol. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999;66(2):128-135.
  • Genç F, Karadağ S, Kiliç Akça N, Tan M, Cerit D. The Effect of Aromatherapy on Sleep Quality and Fatigue Level of the Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Study. Holist Nurs Pract. 2020;34(3):155-162.
  • Generoso MB, Soares A, Taiar IT, Cordeiro Q, Shiozawa P. Lavender oil preparation (silexan) for treating anxiety: an updated meta-analysis. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017 Feb;37(1):115-17.
  • George, D. R., Sparagano, O. A., Port, G., Okello, E., Shiel, R. S., and Guy, J. H. Repellence of plant essential oils to Dermanyssus gallinae and toxicity to the non-target invertebrate Tenebrio molitor. Vet.Parasitol. 5-26-2009;162(1-2):129-134.
  • George, D. R., Sparagano, O. A., Port, G., Okello, E., Shiel, R. S., and Guy, J. H. Repellence of plant essential oils to Dermanyssus gallinae and toxicity to the non-target invertebrate Tenebrio molitor. Vet.Parasitol. 5-26-2009;162(1-2):129-134.
  • Geuenich, S., Goffinet, C., Venzke, S., Nolkemper, S., Baumann, I., Plinkert, P., Reichling, J., and Keppler, O. T. Aqueous extracts from peppermint, sage and lemon balm leaves display potent anti-HIV-1 activity by increasing the virion density. Retrovirology. 2008;5:27.
  • Geuenich, S., Goffinet, C., Venzke, S., Nolkemper, S., Baumann, I., Plinkert, P., Reichling, J., and Keppler, O. T. Aqueous extracts from peppermint, sage and lemon balm leaves display potent anti-HIV-1 activity by increasing the virion density. Retrovirology. 2008;5:27.
  • Ghaderi F, Solhjou N. The effects of lavender aromatherapy on stress and pain perception in children during dental treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2020;40:101182.
  • Ghavami T, Kazeminia M, Rajati F. The effect of lavender on stress in individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med 2022;68:102832.
  • Ghazizadeh J, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Marx W, et al. The effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) on depression and anxiety in clinical trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2021;35(12):6690-6705.
  • Ghelardini C, Galeotti N, Salvatore G, and et al. Local anaesthetic activity of the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia. Planta Med 1999;65(8):700-703.
  • Ghelardini, C., Galeotti, N., Di Cesare, Mannelli L., Mazzanti, G., and Bartolini, A. Local anaesthetic activity of beta-caryophyllene. Farmaco 2001;56(5-7):387-389.
  • Gherman, C., Culea, M., and Cozar, O. Comparative analysis of some active principles of herb plants by GC/MS. Talanta 10-2-2000;53(1):253-262.
  • Ghods AA, Abforosh NH, Ghorbani R, Asgari MR. The effect of topical application of lavender essential oil on the intensity of pain caused by the insertion of dialysis needles in hemodialysis patients: A randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2015;23(3):325-30.
  • Gimenez L, Zacharisen M. Severe pepper allergy in a young child. WMJ. 2011 Jun;110(3):138-9.
  • Gimenez L, Zacharisen M. Severe pepper allergy in a young child. WMJ. 2011 Jun;110(3):138-9.
  • Gobel H, Fresenius J, Heinze A, et al. [Effectiveness of Oleum menthae piperitae and paracetamol in therapy of headache of the tension type]. Nervenarzt 1996;67:672-81.
  • Goel N, Kim H, Lao RP. An olfactory stimulus modifies nighttime sleep in young men and women. Chronobiol Int 2005;22(5):889-904.
  • Goncalves, J. C., Oliveira, Fde S., Benedito, R. B., de Sousa, D. P., de Almeida, R. N., and de Araujo, D. A. Antinociceptive activity of (-)-carvone: evidence of association with decreased peripheral nerve excitability. Biol Pharm Bull. 2008;31(5):1017-1020.
  • Graham PH, Browne L, Cox H, Graham J. Inhalation aromatherapy during radiotherapy: results of a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:2372-6.
  • Grant, P. Spearmint herbal tea has significant anti-androgen effects in polycystic ovarian syndrome. A randomized controlled trial. Phytother.Res 2010;24(2):186-188.
  • Gray SG, Clair AA. Influence of aromatherapy on medication administration to residential-care residents with dementia and behavioral challenges. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2002;17(3):169-74.
  • Green, B. G. Menthol modulates oral sensations of warmth and cold. Physiol Behav 1985;35(3):427-434.
  • Gregersen NT, Belza A, Jensen MG, Ritz C, Bitz C, Hels O, Frandsen E, Mela DJ, Astrup A. Acute effects of mustard, horseradish, black pepper and ginger on energy expenditure, appetite, ad libitum energy intake and energy balance in human subjects. Br J Nutr. 2013 Feb 14;109(3):556-63.
  • Gregersen NT, Belza A, Jensen MG, Ritz C, Bitz C, Hels O, Frandsen E, Mela DJ, Astrup A. Acute effects of mustard, horseradish, black pepper and ginger on energy expenditure, appetite, ad libitum energy intake and energy balance in human subjects. Br J Nutr. 2013 Feb 14;109(3):556-63.
  • Gross JJ, Levenson RW. Emotion elicitation using films. Int J Neurosci 1995;9:87-108.
  • Grunebaum, L. D., Murdock, J., Castanedo-Tardan, M. P., and Baumann, L. S. Effects of lavender olfactory input on cosmetic procedures. J Cosmet.Dermatol 2011;10(2):89-93.
  • Guaschino, S. and Benvenuti, C. SOPHY project: an observational study of vaginal pH, lifestyle and correct intimate hygiene in women of different ages and in different physiopathological conditions. Part II. Minerva Ginecol. 2008;60(5):353-362.
  • Guginski, G., Luiz, A. P., Silva, M. D., Massaro, M., Martins, D. F., Chaves, J., Mattos, R. W., Silveira, D., Ferreira, V. M., Calixto, J. B., and Santos, A. R. Mechanisms involved in the antinociception caused by ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) in mice. Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. 2009;93(1):10-16.
  • Guidotti, T. L., Laing, L., and Prakash, U. B. Clove cigarettes. The basis for concern regarding health effects. West J Med 1989;151(2):220-228.
  • Gulcin, I. The antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of black pepper (Piper nigrum) seeds. Int.J Food Sci Nutr. 2005;56(7):491-499.
  • Gulcin, I. The antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of black pepper (Piper nigrum) seeds. Int.J Food Sci Nutr. 2005;56(7):491-499.
  • Gunatheesan S, Tam MM, Tate B, et al. Retrospective study of oral lichen planus and allergy to spearmint oil. Australas J Dermatol 2012;53:224-8.
  • Guney, M., Oral, B., Karahanli, N., Mungan, T., and Akdogan, M. The effect of Mentha spicata Labiatae on uterine tissue in rats. Toxicol.Ind.Health 2006;22(8):343-348.
  • Gürler M, Kizilirmak A, Baser M. The Effect of Aromatherapy on Sleep and Quality of Life in Menopausal Women with Sleeping Problems: A Non-Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Complement Med Res. 2020;27(6):421-430.
  • Gyllenhaal, C., Merritt, S. L., Peterson, S. D., Block, K. I., and Gochenour, T. Efficacy and safety of herbal stimulants and sedatives in sleep disorders. Sleep Med Rev. 2000;4(3):229-251.
  • Haag, J. D. and Gould, M. N. Mammary carcinoma regression induced by perillyl alcohol, a hydroxylated analog of limonene. Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol 1994;34(6):477-483.
  • Hackett, P. H., Rodriguez, G., and Roach, R. C. Clove cigarettes and high-altitude pulmonary edema. JAMA 6-28-1985;253(24):3551-3552.
  • Hadi, N. and Hanid, A. A. Lavender essence for post-cesarean pain. Pak.J Biol.Sci 6-1-2011;14(11):664-667.
  • Hajhashemi V, Ghannadi A, Sharif B. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the leaf extracts and essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. J Ethnopharmacol 2003;89:67-71.
  • Halicioglu, O., Astarcioglu, G., Yaprak, I., and Aydinlioglu, H. Toxicity of Salvia officinalis in a newborn and a child: an alarming report. Pediatr.Neurol. 2011;45(4):259-260.
  • Hamidpour M, Hamidpour R, Hamidpour S, Shahlari M. Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Medicinal Property of Sage (Salvia) to Prevent and Cure Illnesses such as Obesity, Diabetes, Depression, Dementia, Lupus, Autism, Heart Disease, and Cancer. J Tradit Complement Med. 2014;4(2):82-8.
  • Hamzeh S, Safari-Faramani R, Khatony A. Effects of Aromatherapy with Lavender and Peppermint Essential Oils on the Sleep Quality of Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020;2020:7480204.
  • Han JY, Moosvi Z, Duh E, Park S, Albers GC, Samarasena JB, Karnes W. Oral IB Gard Before Colonoscopy: A Single-Center Double-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Dig Dis Sci. 2020.
  • Han X, Beaumont C, Rodriguez D, Bahr T. Black pepper (Piper nigrum) essential oil demonstrates tissue remodeling and metabolism modulating potential in human cells. Phytother Res. 2018;32(9):1848-1852.
  • Han X, Beaumont C, Rodriguez D, Bahr T. Black pepper (Piper nigrum) essential oil demonstrates tissue remodeling and metabolism modulating potential in human cells. Phytother Res. 2018;32(9):1848-1852.
  • Han, Y., Chin Tan, T. M., and Lim, L. Y. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the effects of piperine on P-gp function and expression. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 8-1-2008;230(3):283-289.
  • Han, Y., Chin Tan, T. M., and Lim, L. Y. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the effects of piperine on P-gp function and expression. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 8-1-2008;230(3):283-289.
  • Hanganu, D., Vlase, L., Filip, L., Sand, C., Mirel, S., and Indrei, L. L. The study of some polyphenolic compounds from Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae). Rev.Med.Chir Soc.Med.Nat.Iasi 2008;112(2):525-529.
  • Hardy M, Kirk-Smith MD, and Stretch DD. Replacement of drug treatment for insomnia by ambient odour. Lancet 9-9-1995;346(8976):701.
  • Hartnoll, G., Moore, D., and Douek, D. Near fatal ingestion of oil of cloves. Arch.Dis Child 1993;69(3):392-393.
  • Hashem-Dabaghian F, Ali Azimi S, Bahrami M, Latifi SA, Enayati A, Qaraaty M. Effect of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.) syrup on olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 infection: A pilot controlled clinical trial. Avicenna J Phytomed 2022;12(1):1-7.
  • Hashemi SH, Hajbagheri A, Aghajani M. The effect of massage with lavender oil on restless leg syndrome in hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial. Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2015 Dec;4(4):e29617.
  • Hassanzadeh M, Kiani F, Bouya S, Zarei M. Comparing the effects of relaxation technique and inhalation aromatherapy on fatigue in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2018;31:210-214.
  • Hay IC, Jamieson M, Ormerod AD. Randomized trial of aromatherapy. Successful treatment for alopecia areata. Arch Dermatol 1998;134:1349-52.
  • Hayouni, el A., Chraief, I., Abedrabba, M., Bouix, M., Leveau, J. Y., Mohammed, H., and Hamdi, M. Tunisian Salvia officinalis L. and Schinus molle L. essential oils: their chemical compositions and their preservative effects against Salmonella inoculated in minced beef meat. Int J Food Microbiol. 7-31-2008;125(3):242-251.
  • Hellum BH, Nilsen OG. The in vitro inhibitory potential of trade herbal products on human CYP2D6-mediated metabolism and the influence of ethanol. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007 Nov;101:350-8.
  • Hellum, B. H. and Nilsen, O. G. In vitro inhibition of CYP3A4 metabolism and P-glycoprotein-mediated transport by trade herbal products. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2008;102(5):466-475.
  • Hendrix, C. R., Housh, T. J., Mielke, M., Zuniga, J. M., Camic, C. L., Johnson, G. O., Schmidt, R. J., and Housh, D. J. Acute effects of a caffeine-containing supplement on bench press and leg extension strength and time to exhaustion during cycle ergometry. J Strength.Cond.Res 2010;24(3):859-865.
  • Hendrix, C. R., Housh, T. J., Mielke, M., Zuniga, J. M., Camic, C. L., Johnson, G. O., Schmidt, R. J., and Housh, D. J. Acute effects of a caffeine-containing supplement on bench press and leg extension strength and time to exhaustion during cycle ergometry. J Strength.Cond.Res 2010;24(3):859-865.
  • Henley DV, Lipson N, Korach KS, Bloch CA. Prepubertal gynecomastia linked to lavender and tea tree oils. N Eng J Med 2007;356:479-85.
  • Herberg, KW. Nebenwirkungen pflanzlicher Beruhigungsmittel/ Leistung und Befinden nach Einnahme einer Baldrian-Hopfen-Kombination. Z.Allg Med 1996;72:234-240.
  • Herberg, KW. Nebenwirkungen pflanzlicher Beruhigungsmittel/ Leistung und Befinden nach Einnahme einer Baldrian-Hopfen-Kombination. Z.Allg Med 1996;72:234-240.
  • Herrlinger KA, Nieman KM, Sanoshy KD, et al. Spearmint extract improves working memory in men and women with age-associated memory impairment. J Altern Complement Med. 2018;24(1):37-47.
  • Herrmann, E. C., Jr. and Kucera, L. S. Antiviral substances in plants of the mint family (labiatae). II. Nontannin polyphenol of Melissa officinalis. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1967;124(3):869-874.
  • Heshmati J, Morvaridzadeh M, Sepidarkish M, et al. Effects of Melissa officinalis (Lemon Balm) on cardio-metabolic outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res. 2020;34(12):3113-3123.
  • Heuberger, E., Redhammer, S., and Buchbauer, G. Transdermal absorption of (-)-linalool induces autonomic deactivation but has no impact on ratings of well-being in humans. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004;29(10):1925-1932.
  • Hiki, N., Kaminishi, M., Hasunuma, T., Nakamura, M., Nomura, S., Yahagi, N., Tajiri, H., and Suzuki, H. A phase I study evaluating tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of L-menthol in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011;90(2):221-228.
  • Hiki, N., Kaminishi, M., Yasuda, K., Uedo, N., Kobari, M., Sakai, T., Hiratsuka, T., Ohno, K., Honjo, H., Nomura, S., Yahagi, N., Tajiri, H., and Suzuki, H. Multicenter phase II randomized study evaluating dose-response of antiperistaltic effect of L-menthol sprayed onto the gastric mucosa for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Dig Endosc 2012;24(2):79-86.
  • Hiki, N., Kurosaka, H., Tatsutomi, Y., Shimoyama, S., Tsuji, E., Kojima, J., Shimizu, N., Ono, H., Hirooka, T., Noguchi, C., Mafune, K., and Kaminishi, M. Peppermint oil reduces gastric spasm during upper endoscopy: a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy controlled trial. Gastrointest Endosc 2003;57(4):475-482.
  • Hines, S., Steels, E., Chang, A., and Gibbons, K. Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;4:CD007598.
  • Hirokawa K, Nishimoto T, Taniguchi T. Effects of lavender aroma on sleep quality in healthy Japanese students. Perceptual and Motor Skills 2012;114(1):111-22.
  • Hiwale, A. R., Dhuley, J. N., and Naik, S. R. Effect of co-administration of piperine on pharmacokinetics of beta-lactam antibiotics in rats. Indian J Exp.Biol. 2002;40(3):277-281.
  • Hiwale, A. R., Dhuley, J. N., and Naik, S. R. Effect of co-administration of piperine on pharmacokinetics of beta-lactam antibiotics in rats. Indian J Exp.Biol. 2002;40(3):277-281.
  • Ho, C. and Spence, C. Olfactory facilitation of dual-task performance. Neurosci.Lett. 11-25-2005;389(1):35-40.
  • Hohmann, J., Zupko, I., Redei, D., Csanyi, M., Falkay, G., Mathe, I., and Janicsak, G. Protective effects of the aerial parts of Salvia officinalis, Melissa Officinalis and Lavandula angustifolia and their constituents against enzyme-dependent and enzyme-independent lipid peroxidation. Planta Med 1999;65(6):576-578.
  • Hold, K. M., Sirisoma, N. S., Ikeda, T., Narahashi, T., and Casida, J. E. Alpha-thujone (the active component of absinthe): gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor modulation and metabolic detoxification. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;(97):3826-3831.
  • Holmes C, Hopkins V, Hensford C, et al. Lavender oil as a treatment for agitated behaviour in severe dementia: a placebo controlled study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002;17(4):305-8.
  • Holtmann G, Madisch A, Juergen H, et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on the effects of an herbal preparation in patients with functional dyspepsia [Abstract]. Ann Mtg Digestive Disease Week 1999 May.
  • Holtmann G, Madisch A, Juergen H, et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on the effects of an herbal preparation in patients with functional dyspepsia. Ann Mtg Digestive Disease Week 1999 May.
  • Holtmann, G., Madisch, A., and Juergen, H. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on the effects of an herbal preparation in patients with functional dyspepsia [Abstract]. Ann Mtg Digestive Disease Week 1999;
  • Holtmann, G., Madisch, A., and Juergen, H. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on the effects of an herbal preparation in patients with functional dyspepsia]. Ann Mtg Digestive Disease Week 1999;May:A65.
  • Hong CH, Hur SK, Oh OJ, et al. Evaluation of natural products on inhibition of inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cultured mouse macrophage cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;83:153-9.
  • Hongratanaworakit, T. Aroma-therapeutic effects of massage blended essential oils on humans. Nat.Prod.Commun. 2011;6(8):1199-1204.
  • Horiuchi, K., Shiota, S., Hatano, T., Yoshida, T., Kuroda, T., and Tsuchiya, T. Antimicrobial activity of oleanolic acid from Salvia officinalis and related compounds on vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Biol.Pharm.Bull. 2007;30(6):1147-1149.
  • Horiuchi, K., Shiota, S., Kuroda, T., Hatano, T., Yoshida, T., and Tsuchiya, T. Potentiation of antimicrobial activity of aminoglycosides by carnosol from Salvia officinalis. Biol.Pharm.Bull. 2007;30(2):287-290.
  • Howard, S. and Hughes, B. M. Expectancies, not aroma, explain impact of lavender aromatherapy on psychophysiological indices of relaxation in young healthy women. Br J Health Psychol. 2008;13(Pt 4):603-617.
  • Howes, M. J. and Perry, E. The role of phytochemicals in the treatment and prevention of dementia. Drugs Aging 6-1-2011;28(6):439-468.
  • Hoya, Y., Matsumura, I., Fujita, T., and Yanaga, K. The use of nonpharmacological interventions to reduce anxiety in patients undergoing gastroscopy in a setting with an optimal soothing environment. Gastroenterol.Nurs. 2008;31(6):395-399.
  • Hubbert, M., Sievers, H., Lehnfeld, R., and Kehrl, W. Efficacy and tolerability of a spray with Salvia officinalis in the treatment of acute pharyngitis – a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with adaptive design and interim analysis. Eur J Med Res 1-31-2006;11(1):20-26.
  • Hunt R, Dienemann J, Norton HJ, Hartley W, Hudgens A, Stern T, Divine G. Aromatherapy as treatment for postoperative nausea: a randomized trial. Anesth Analg 2013;117(3):597-604.
  • Hunt R., Dienemann J., Norton H. J., Hartley W., Hudgens A., Stern T., Divine G. Aromatherapy as treatment for postoperative nausea: a randomized trial. Anesth Analg 2013;117(3):597-604.
  • Hurrell RF, Reddy M, Cook JD. Inhibition of non-haem iron absorption in man by polyphenolic-containing beverages. Br J Nutr 1999;81:289-95.
  • Huss, U., Ringbom, T., Perera, P., Bohlin, L., and Vasange, M. Screening of ubiquitous plant constituents for COX-2 inhibition with a scintillation proximity based assay. J Nat Prod. 2002;65(11):1517-1521.
  • Hussain, A. I., Farooq Anwar, Nigam, P. S., Sarker, S. D., Moore, J. E., Rao, J. R., and Mazumdar, A. Antibacterial activity of some Lamiaceae essential oils using resazurin as an indicator of cell growth. LWT – Food Science and Technology 2012;44(4):1199-1206.
  • Hussein E, Ahu A, and Kadir T. Investigation of bacteremia after toothbrushing in orthodontic patients. Korean Journal of Orthodontics 2009;39(3):177-184.
  • Ibarra, A., Feuillere, N., Roller, M., Lesburgere, E., and Beracochea, D. Effects of chronic administration of Melissa officinalis L. extract on anxiety-like reactivity and on circadian and exploratory activities in mice. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(6):397-403.
  • Ibrahim IM, Abdel Kareem IM, Alghobashy MA. Evaluation of topical liposome incorporated clove oil in the treatment of idiopathic palmar hyperhidrosis: Single-blinded placebo-controlled study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2018;17(6):1084-9.
  • Ibrahim IM, Elsaie ML, Almohsen AM, Mohey-Eddin MH. Effectiveness of topical clove oil on symptomatic treatment of chronic pruritus. J Cosmet Dermatol 2017;16(4):508-11.
  • Imai, H., Osawa, K., Yasuda, H., Hamashima, H., Arai, T., and Sasatsu, M. Inhibition by the essential oils of peppermint and spearmint of the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Microbios 2001;106 Suppl 1:31-39.
  • Imura M, Misao H, Ushijima H. The psychological effects of aromatherapy-massage in healthy postpartum mothers. J Midwifery Womens Health 2006;51(2):e21-e27.
  • Inoue T, Sugimoto Y, Masuda H, Kamei C. Antiallergic effect of flavonoid glycosides obtained from Mentha piperita L. Biol Pharm Bull 2002;25:256-9.
  • Inoue T, Sugimoto Y, Masuda H, Kamei C. Effects of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) extracts on experimental allergic rhinitis in rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2001;24:92-5.
  • Isaacs, G. Permanent local anaesthesia and anhidrosis after clove oil spillage. Lancet 4-16-1983;1(8329):882.
  • Islam, S. N., Ferdous, A. J., Ahsan, M., and Faroque, A. B. Antibacterial activity of clove extracts against phagogenic strains including clinically resistant isolates of Shigella and Vibrio cholerae. Pak.J Pharm.Sci 1990;3(1):1-5.
  • Itai T, Amayasu H, Kuribayashi M, and et al. Psychological effects of aromatherapy on chronic hemodialysis patients. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2000;54(4):393-397.
  • Iuvone, T., De Filippis, D., Esposito, G., D’Amico, A., and Izzo, A. A. The spice sage and its active ingredient rosmarinic acid protect PC12 cells from amyloid-beta peptide-induced neurotoxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006;317(3):1143-1149.
  • Ivanova, D., Gerova, D., Chervenkov, T., and Yankova, T. Polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of Bulgarian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 1-4-2005;96(1-2):145-150.
  • Jadhav, B. K., Khandelwal, K. R., Ketkar, A. R., and Pisal, S. S. Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive tablets containing eugenol for the treatment of periodontal diseases. Drug Dev.Ind.Pharm. 2004;30(2):195-203.
  • Jafarimanesh H, Akbari M, Hoseinian R, Zarei M, Harorani M. The effect of peppermint (Mentha piperita) extract on the severity of nausea, vomiting and anorexia in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy: A randomized controlled trial. Integr Cancer Ther. 2020;19:1534735420967084.
  • Jager W, Buchbauer G, Jirovetz L, and et al. Percutaneous absorption of lavender oil from massage oil. J Soc Cosmet Chem 1992;43:49-54.
  • Jailwala, J., Imperiale, T. F., and Kroenke, K. Pharmacologic treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 7-18-2000;133(2):136-147.
  • Janes, S. E., Price, C. S., and Thomas, D. Essential oil poisoning: N-acetylcysteine for eugenol-induced hepatic failure and analysis of a national database. Eur.J Pediatr 2005;164(8):520-522.
  • Jayashankar, S., Panagoda, G. J., Amaratunga, E. A., Perera, K., and Rajapakse, P. S. A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study on the effects of a herbal toothpaste on gingival bleeding, oral hygiene and microbial variables. Ceylon Med.J 2011;56(1):5-9.
  • Jedinak, A., Muckova, M., Kost’alova, D., Maliar, T., and Masterova, I. Antiprotease and antimetastatic activity of ursolic acid isolated from Salvia officinalis. Z Naturforsch.C. 2006;61(11-12):777-782.
  • Jiang Q, Wu Y, Zhang H, et al. Development of essential oils as skin permeation enhancers: penetration enhancement effect and mechanism of action. Pharmaceutical Biol. 2017;55(1):1592-1600.
  • Jimbo, D., Kimura, Y., Taniguchi, M., Inoue, M., and Urakami, K. Effect of aromatherapy on patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Psychogeriatrics. 2009;9(4):173-179.
  • Johnson, A. J. and Miles, C. Chewing gum and context-dependent memory: the independent roles of chewing gum and mint flavour. Br.J Psychol. 2008;99(Pt 2):293-306.
  • Johnson, A. J. and Miles, C. Evidence against memorial facilitation and context-dependent memory effects through the chewing of gum. Appetite 2007;48(3):394-396.
  • Johnson, J. J. Carnosol: a promising anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory agent. Cancer Lett. 6-1-2011;305(1):1-7.
  • Jones T, Purdy M, Stewart EA, et al. Lavender aromatherapy to reduce anxiety during intrauterine insemination: A randomized controlled trial. Glob Adv Health Med 2021;10:21649561211059074.
  • Jones, C. The efficacy of lavender oil on perineal trauma: a review of the evidence. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2011;17(4):215-220.
  • Jorkjend, L. and Skoglund, L. A. Effect of non-eugenol- and eugenol-containing periodontal dressings on the incidence and severity of pain after periodontal soft tissue surgery. J Clin Periodontol. 1990;17(6):341-344.
  • Juhas, S., Cikos, S., Czikkova, S., Vesela, J., Il’kova, G., Hajek, T., Domaracka, K., Domaracky, M., Bujnakova, D., Rehak, P., and Koppel, J. Effects of borneol and thymoquinone on TNBS-induced colitis in mice. Folia Biol.(Praha) 2008;54(1):1-7.
  • Jünger H, Jaun-Ventrice A, Guldener K, Ramseier CA, Reissmann DR, Schimmel M. Anti-inflammatory potential of an essential oil-containing mouthwash in elderly subjects enrolled in supportive periodontal therapy: a 6-week randomised controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24(9):3203-3211.
  • Kadey M. Lost in spice. Natural Health 2007;37(9):43-50.
  • Kamble VA. Spice derived essential oils: effective antifungal and possible therapeutic agents. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants 2008;14(3-4):129-143.
  • Kamble VA. Spice derived essential oils: effective antifungal and possible therapeutic agents. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants 2008;14(3-4):129-143.
  • Kane FM, Brodie EE, Coull A, et al. The analgesic effect of odour and music upon dressing change. Br J Nurs 2004;13(19):S4-12.
  • Kanerva L, Estlander T, Jolanki R. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices. Contact Dermatitis 1996;35:157-62.
  • Kang HJ, Nam ES, Lee Y, Kim M. How strong is the evidence for the anxiolytic efficacy of lavender?: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci). 2019;13(5):295-305.
  • Kang HY, Na SS and Kim YK. [Effects of oral care with essential oil on improvement in oral health status of hospice patients]. J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(4):473-481.
  • Kapoor, I. P., Singh, B., Singh, G., De Heluani, C. S., De Lampasona, M. P., and Catalan, C. A. Chemistry and in vitro antioxidant activity of volatile oil and oleoresins of black pepper (Piper nigrum). J Agric.Food Chem. 6-24-2009;57(12):5358-5364.
  • Kapoor, I. P., Singh, B., Singh, G., De Heluani, C. S., De Lampasona, M. P., and Catalan, C. A. Chemistry and in vitro antioxidant activity of volatile oil and oleoresins of black pepper (Piper nigrum). J Agric.Food Chem. 6-24-2009;57(12):5358-5364.
  • Karaman S, Karaman T, Tapar H, Dogru S, Suren M. A randomized placebo-controlled study of aromatherapy for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Complement Ther Med 2019;42:417-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.12.019.
  • Karaman T, Karaman S, Dogru S, Tapar H, et al. Evaluating the efficacy of lavender aromatherapy on peripheral venous cannulation pain and anxiety: a prospective, randomized study. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016 May;23:64-8.
  • Karan NB. Influence of lavender oil inhalation on vital signs and anxiety: A randomized clinical trial. Physiol Behav. 2019;211:112676.
  • Karimi, I., Hayatgheybi, H., Razmjo, M., Yousefi, M., Dadyan, A., and Hadipour, M. Anti-hyperlipidaemic effects of an essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences 2010;4(1):17-22.
  • Karimzadeh Z, Azizzadeh Forouzi M, Rahiminezhad E, Ahmadinejad M, Dehghan M. The Effects of Lavender and Citrus aurantium on Anxiety and Agitation of the Conscious Patients in Intensive Care Units: A Parallel Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Biomed Res Int 2021;2021:5565956.
  • Kasibhatta, R. and Naidu, M. U. Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of nevirapine under fasting conditions: a randomised, crossover, placebo-controlled study. Drugs R.D. 2007;8(6):383-391.
  • Kasibhatta, R. and Naidu, M. U. Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of nevirapine under fasting conditions: a randomised, crossover, placebo-controlled study. Drugs R.D. 2007;8(6):383-391.
  • Kasper S, Gastpar M, Müller WE, et al. Lavender oil preparation Silexan is effective in generalized anxiety disorder–a randomized, double-blind comparison to placebo and paroxetine. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2014 Jun;17(6):859-69.
  • Kasper, S., Gastpar, M., Muller, W. E., Volz, H. P., Moller, H. J., Dienel, A., and Schlafke, S. Efficacy and safety of silexan, a new, orally administered lavender oil preparation, in subthreshold anxiety disorder – evidence from clinical trials. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2010;160(21-22):547-556.
  • Kasper, S., Gastpar, M., Muller, W. E., Volz, H. P., Moller, H. J., Dienel, A., and Schlafke, S. Silexan, an orally administered Lavandula oil preparation, is effective in the treatment of ‘subsyndromal’ anxiety disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2010;25(5):277-287.
  • Katikova, O. I., Kostin, IaV, and Tishkin, V. S. [Hepatoprotective effect of plant preparations]. Eksp.Klin.Farmakol. 2002;65(1):41-43.
  • Katikova, O. I., Kostin, IaV, Iagudina, R. I., and Tishkin, V. S. [Effect of plant preparations on lipid peroxidation parameters in acute toxic hepatitis]. Vopr.Med Khim. 2001;47(6):593-598.
  • Kavvadias, D., Monschein, V., Sand, P., Riederer, P., and Schreier, P. Constituents of sage (Salvia officinalis) with in vitro affinity to human brain benzodiazepine receptor. Planta Med. 2003;69(2):113-117.
  • Kaya GS, Yapici G, Savas Z, et al. Comparison of alvogyl, SaliCept patch, and low-level laser therapy in the management of alveolar osteitis.J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;69:1571-7.
  • Kazeminia M, Abdi A, Vaisi-Raygani A, et al. The Effect of Lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.) on Reducing Labor Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020;2020:4384350.
  • Kazemzadeh R, Nikjoue R, Rostamnegad M, Norouzi H. Effect of lavender aromatherapy on menopause hot flushing: a crossover randomized clinical trial. J Chin Med Assoc. 2016 Sep;79(9):489-92.
  • Kennedy DO, Little W, Haskell CF, et al. Anxiolytic effects of a combination of Melissa officinalis and Valeriana officinalis during laboratory induced stress. Phytother Res. 2006 Feb;20:96-102.
  • Kennedy DO, Little W, Scholey AB. Attenuation of laboratory-induced stress in humans after acute administration of Melissa officinalis (Lemon Balm). Psychosom Med. 2004 Jul-Aug;66:607-13.
  • Kennedy DO, Scholey AB, Tildesley NT, et al. Modulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm). Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2002;72:953-64.
  • Kennedy DO, Wake G, Savelev S, et al. Modulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of single doses of Melissa officinalis (Lemon balm) with human CNS nicotinic and muscarinic receptor-binding properties. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Oct;28:1871-81.
  • Kennedy, D. O., Dodd, F. L., Robertson, B. C., Okello, E. J., Reay, J. L., Scholey, A. B., and Haskell, C. F. Monoterpenoid extract of sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia) with cholinesterase inhibiting properties improves cognitive performance and mood in healthy adults. J.Psychopharmacol. 2011;25(8):1088-1100.
  • Kennedy, D. O., Pace, S., Haskell, C., Okello, E. J., Milne, A., and Scholey, A. B. Effects of cholinesterase inhibiting sage (Salvia officinalis) on mood, anxiety and performance on a psychological stressor battery. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006;31(4):845-852.
  • Keskn, D., Oskay, D., and Oskay, M. Antimicrobial activity of selected plant spices marketed in the West Anatolia. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 2010;12(6):916-920.
  • Khajuria A, Zutshi U, Bedi KL. Permeability characteristics of piperine on oral absorption-an active alkaloid from peppers and a bioavailability enhancer. Indian J Exp Biol 1998;36:46-50.
  • Khajuria A, Zutshi U, Bedi KL. Permeability characteristics of piperine on oral absorption-an active alkaloid from peppers and a bioavailability enhancer. Indian J Exp Biol 1998;36:46-50.
  • Kheirkhah J, Ghorbani Z, Salari A, et al. Melissa officinalis tea favourably affects the frequency of premature ventricular beats and cardiometabolic profile among patients with premature ventricular contraction: A randomised open-label controlled trial. Int J Clin Pract 2021;75(10):e14644.
  • Kianbakht S, Dabaghian FH. Improved glycemic control and lipid profile in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients consuming Salvia officinalis L. leaf extract: a randomized placebo. Controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2013;21(5):441-6.
  • Kianbakht, S., Abasi, B., Perham, M., and Hashem, Dabaghian F. Antihyperlipidemic effects of Salvia officinalis L. leaf extract in patients with hyperlipidemia: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother.Res. 2011;25(12):1849-1853.
  • Kianpour M, Mansouri A, Mehrabi T, Asghari G. Effect of lavender scent inhalation on prevention of stress, anxiety, and depression in the postpartum period. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2016 Mar-Apr;21(2):197-201.
  • Kim A, Farkas AN, Dewar SB, Abesamis MG. Early administration of N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of clove oil ingestion. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018;67(2):e38-e39.
  • Kim, H. M., Lee, E. H., Hong, S. H., Song, H. J., Shin, M. K., Kim, S. H., and Shin, T. Y. Effect of Syzygium aromaticum extract on immediate hypersensitivity in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 1998;60(2):125-131.
  • Kim, H. M., Lee, E. H., Kim, C. Y., Chung, J. G., Kim, S. H., Lim, J. P., and Shin, T. Y. Antianaphylactic properties of eugenol. Pharmacol Res 1997;36(6):475-480.
  • Kim, M. J., Nam, E. S., and Paik, S. I. [The effects of aromatherapy on pain, depression, and life satisfaction of arthritis patients]. Taehan Kanho.Hakhoe.Chi 2005;35(1):186-194.
  • Kim, M. Y., Park, B. Y., Lee, H. S., Park, E. K., Hahm, J. C., Lee, J., Hong, Y., Choi, S., Park, D., Lee, H., and Yoon, M. The anti-angiogenic herbal composition Ob-X inhibits adipose tissue growth in obese mice. Int.J.Obes.(Lond) 2010;34(5):820-830.
  • Kim, S. S., Oh, O. J., Min, H. Y., Park, E. J., Kim, Y., Park, H. J., Nam, Han Y., and Lee, S. K. Eugenol suppresses cyclooxygenase-2 expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Life Sci. 6-6-2003;73(3):337-348.
  • Kim, S., Kim, H. J., Yeo, J. S., Hong, S. J., Lee, J. M., and Jeon, Y. The effect of lavender oil on stress, bispectral index values, and needle insertion pain in volunteers. J Altern Complement Med 2011;17(9):823-826.
  • Kirsch CM, Yenokida GG, Jensen WA, et al. Non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema due to the intravenous administration of clove oil. Thorax 1990;45:235-6.
  • Kizaibek, M., Kopp, B., Prinz, S., Popescu, R., and Upur, H. Antiproliferative activity of individual herbs of Abnormal Savda Munziq on HL-60 cells. Science & Technology Review 2009;19:94-98.
  • Kodama T, Watanabe T, Mataki N, Kanoh S, Kichikawa Y. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia following aromatherapy with essential oil. Respir Med Case Rep 2022;37:101657.
  • Konishi, Y., Hitomi, Y., Yoshida, M., and Yoshioka, E. Pharmacokinetic study of caffeic and rosmarinic acids in rats after oral administration. J Agric Food Chem 6-15-2005;53(12):4740-4746.
  • Kothiwale SV, Patwardhan V, Gandhi M, Sohoni R, Kumar A. A comparative study of antiplaque and antigingivitis effects of herbal mouthrise containing tea tree oil, clove, and basil with commercially available essential oil mouthrinse. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2014;18(3): 316-20.
  • Koul, I. B. and Kapil, A. Evaluation of the liver protective potential of piperine, an active principle of black and long peppers. Planta Med 1993;59(5):413-417.
  • Koul, I. B. and Kapil, A. Evaluation of the liver protective potential of piperine, an active principle of black and long peppers. Planta Med 1993;59(5):413-417.
  • Koytchev R, Alken RG, Dundarov S. Balm mint extract (Lo-701) for topical treatment of recurring herpes labialis. Phytomedicine 1999;6:225-30.
  • Krishnakumar, N., Manoharan, S., Palaniappan, P. R., Venkatachalam, P., and Manohar, M. G. Chemopreventive efficacy of piperine in 7,12-dimethyl benz [a] anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis: an FT-IR study. Food Chem.Toxicol. 2009;47(11):2813-2820.
  • Krishnakumar, N., Manoharan, S., Palaniappan, P. R., Venkatachalam, P., and Manohar, M. G. Chemopreventive efficacy of piperine in 7,12-dimethyl benz [a] anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis: an FT-IR study. Food Chem.Toxicol. 2009;47(11):2813-2820.
  • Kristiniak S, Harpel J, Breckenridge DM, Buckle J. Black pepper essential oil to enhance intravenous catheter insertion in patients with poor vein visibility: a controlled study. J Altern Complement Med. 2012;18(11):1003-7.
  • Kristiniak S, Harpel J, Breckenridge DM, Buckle J. Black pepper essential oil to enhance intravenous catheter insertion in patients with poor vein visibility: a controlled study. J Altern Complement Med. 2012;18(11):1003-7.
  • Kritsidima, M., Newton, T., and Asimakopoulou, K. The effects of lavender scent on dental patient anxiety levels: a cluster randomised-controlled trial. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010;38(1):83-87.
  • Kucera, L. S. and Herrmann, E. C., Jr. Antiviral substances in plants of the mint family (labiatae). I. Tannin of Melissa officinalis. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1967;124(3):865-869.
  • Kucera, L. S., Cohen, R. A., and Herrmann, E. C., Jr. Antiviral activities of extracts of the lemon balm plant. Ann N.Y.Acad Sci 7-30-1965;130(1):474-482.
  • Kumar, P., Ansari, S. H., and Ali, J. Herbal remedies for the treatment of periodontal disease–a patent review. Recent Pat Drug Deliv.Formul. 2009;3(3):221-228.
  • Kumar, V., Kural, M. R., Pereira, B. M., and Roy, P. Spearmint induced hypothalamic oxidative stress and testicular anti-androgenicity in male rats – altered levels of gene expression, enzymes and hormones. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008;46(12):3563-3570.
  • Kutlu, A. K. Yilmaz E. et al. Effects of aroma inhalation on examination anxiety. Teaching & Learning in Nursing 2008;3(4):125-130.
  • Kwon, Y. I., Vattem, D. A., and Shetty, K. Evaluation of clonal herbs of Lamiaceae species for management of diabetes and hypertension. Asia Pac.J Clin Nutr 2006;15(1):107-118.
  • Lacy BE, Pimentel M, Brenner DM, et al. ACG clinical guideline: Management of irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021;116(1):17-44.
  • Lagoni, N. Wirksamkeitsprüfung eines pflanzlichen Tagessedativums in einer multizentrischen Studie. 1998;39(3):166-169.
  • Lalicevic, S. and Djordjevic, I. Comparison of benzydamine hydrochloride and Salvia officinalis as an adjuvant local treatment to systemic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug in controlling pain after tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, or both: An open-label, single-blind, randomized clinical trial. Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental 2004;65:360-372.
  • Lane, B. W., Ellenhorn, M. J., Hulbert, T. V., and McCarron, M. Clove oil ingestion in an infant. Hum.Exp Toxicol. 1991;10(4):291-294.
  • Lane, B., Cannella, K., Bowen, C., Copelan, D., Nteff, G., Barnes, K., Poudevigne, M., and Lawson, J. Examination of the effectiveness of peppermint aromatherapy on nausea in women post C-section. J Holist Nurs 2012;30(2):90-104.
  • Lantry LE, Zhang Z, Gao F, and et al. Chemopreventive effect of perillyl alcohol on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1- (3-pyridyl)-1-butanone induced tumorigenesis in (C3H/HeJ X A/J)F1 mouse lung. J Cell Biochem Suppl 1997;27:20-25.
  • Lara, M. S., Gutierrez, J. I., Timon, M., and Andres, A. I. Evaluation of two natural extracts (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Melissa officinalis L.) as antioxidants in cooked pork patties packed in MAP. Meat.Sci. 2011;88(3):481-488.
  • Larrondo, J. V., Agut, M., and Calvo-Torras, M. A. Antimicrobial activity of essences from labiates. Microbios 1995;82(332):171-172.
  • Larsen, W., Nakayama, H., Fischer, T., Elsner, P., Frosch, P., Burrows, D., Jordan, W., Shaw, S., Wilkinson, J., Marks, J., Jr., Sugawara, M., Nethercott, M., and Nethercott, J. Fragrance contact dermatitis: a worldwide multicenter investigation (Part II). Contact Dermatitis 2001;44(6):344-346.
  • Lasrado JA, Nieman KM, Fonseca BA, et al. Safety and tolerability of a dried aqueous spearmint extract. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017;86:167-176.
  • Lawless, H. and Stevens, D. A. Effects of oral chemical irritation on taste. Physiol Behav. 1984;32(6):995-998.
  • Lawless, H. and Stevens, D. A. Effects of oral chemical irritation on taste. Physiol Behav. 1984;32(6):995-998.
  • Lawson MJ, Knight RE, Tran K, et al. Failure of enteric-coated peppermint oil in the irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized double-blind crossover study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1988;3:235-8.
  • Leatherdale B, Panesar RK, Singh G, et al. Improvement in glucose tolerance due to Momordica charantia. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1981;282:1823-4.
  • Lee J, Chae K, Ha J, et al. Regulation of obesity and lipid disorders by herbal extracts from Morus alba, Melissa officinalis, and Artemisia capillaris in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2008;115:263-70.
  • Lee, M. H., Yeon, K. Y., Park, C. K., Li, H. Y., Fang, Z., Kim, M. S., Choi, S. Y., Lee, S. J., Lee, S., Park, K., Lee, J. H., Kim, J. S., and Oh, S. B. Eugenol inhibits calcium currents in dental afferent neurons. J Dent.Res. 2005;84(9):848-851.
  • Lee, S. Y. [The effect of lavender aromatherapy on cognitive function, emotion, and aggressive behavior of elderly with dementia]. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi 2005;35(2):303-312.
  • Lee, Y. Y., Hung, S. L., Pai, S. F., Lee, Y. H., and Yang, S. F. Eugenol suppressed the expression of lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory mediators in human macrophages. J Endod. 2007;33(6):698-702.
  • Lehrner J, Marwinski G, Lehr S, et al. Ambient odors of orange and lavender reduce anxiety and improve mood in a dental office. Physiol Behav 2005;86(1-2):92-5.
  • Lewith GT, Godfrey AD, Prescott P. A single-blinded, randomized pilot study evaluating the aroma of Lavandula augustifolia as a treatment for mild insomnia. J Altern Complement Med 2005;11:631-7.
  • Li D, Li Y, Bai X, Wang M, Yan J, Cao Y. The effects of aromatherapy on anxiety and depression in people with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2022;10:853056.
  • Li, H. Y., Park, C. K., Jung, S. J., Choi, S. Y., Lee, S. J., Park, K., Kim, J. S., and Oh, S. B. Eugenol inhibits K+ currents in trigeminal ganglion neurons. J Dent.Res. 2007;86(9):898-902.
  • Lillehei AS, Halcón LL, Savik K, Reis R. Effect of Inhaled Lavender and Sleep Hygiene on Self-Reported Sleep Issues: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2015;21(7):430-8.
  • Lima, C. F., Andrade, P. B., Seabra, R. M., Fernandes-Ferreira, M., and Pereira-Wilson, C. The drinking of a Salvia officinalis infusion improves liver antioxidant status in mice and rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2-28-2005;97(2):383-389.
  • Lima, C. F., Azevedo, M. F., Araujo, R., Fernandes-Ferreira, M., and Pereira-Wilson, C. Metformin-like effect of Salvia officinalis (common sage): is it useful in diabetes prevention? Br.J Nutr 2006;96(2):326-333.
  • Lima, C. F., Fernandes-Ferreira, M., and Pereira-Wilson, C. Drinking of Salvia officinalis tea increases CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Food Chem.Toxicol. 2007;45(3):456-464.
  • Lima, C. F., Valentao, P. C., Andrade, P. B., Seabra, R. M., Fernandes-Ferreira, M., and Pereira-Wilson, C. Water and methanolic extracts of Salvia officinalis protect HepG2 cells from t-BHP induced oxidative damage. Chem Biol Interact. 4-25-2007;167(2):107-115.
  • Lin JT, Chen YC, Lee YC, at al. Antioxidant, anti-proliferative and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory activities of ethanolic extracts from lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) leaves. LWT Food Sci Technol. 2012;49:1-7.
  • Lin PW, Chan W, Ng BF, Lam LC. Efficacy of aromatherapy (Lavandula angustifolia) as an intervention for agitated behaviours in Chinese older persons with dementia: a cross-over randomized trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2007;22:405-10.
  • Lin, J. K. Food-borne amines and amides as potential precursors of endogenous carcinogens. Proc Natl.Sci Counc.Repub.China B 1986;10(1):20-34.
  • Lin, J. K. Food-borne amines and amides as potential precursors of endogenous carcinogens. Proc Natl.Sci Counc.Repub.China B 1986;10(1):20-34.
  • Lin, Z., Hoult, J. R., Bennett, D. C., and Raman, A. Stimulation of mouse melanocyte proliferation by Piper nigrum fruit extract and its main alkaloid, piperine. Planta Med 1999;65(7):600-603.
  • Lin, Z., Hoult, J. R., Bennett, D. C., and Raman, A. Stimulation of mouse melanocyte proliferation by Piper nigrum fruit extract and its main alkaloid, piperine. Planta Med 1999;65(7):600-603.
  • Lin, Z., Liao, Y., Venkatasamy, R., Hider, R. C., and Soumyanath, A. Amides from Piper nigrum L. with dissimilar effects on melanocyte proliferation in-vitro. J Pharm.Pharmacol. 2007;59(4):529-536.
  • Lin, Z., Liao, Y., Venkatasamy, R., Hider, R. C., and Soumyanath, A. Amides from Piper nigrum L. with dissimilar effects on melanocyte proliferation in-vitro. J Pharm.Pharmacol. 2007;59(4):529-536.
  • Lindahl O, Lindwall L. Double blind study of a valerian preparation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1989 Apr;32:1065-6.
  • Lindemann, J., Tsakiropoulou, E., Scheithauer, M. O., Konstantinidis, I., and Wiesmiller, K. M. Impact of menthol inhalation on nasal mucosal temperature and nasal patency. Am J Rhinol. 2008;22(4):402-405.
  • Lindheimer JB, Loy BD, O’Connor PJ. Short-term effects of black pepper (Piper nigrum) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis and Rosmarinnus eriocalyx) on sustained attention and on energy and fatigue mood states in young adults with low energy. J Med Food. 2013;16(8):765-771.
  • Lindheimer JB, Loy BD, O’Connor PJ. Short-term effects of black pepper (Piper nigrum) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis and Rosmarinnus eriocalyx) on sustained attention and on energy and fatigue mood states in young adults with low energy. J Med Food. 2013;16(8):765-771.
  • Lis-Balchin, M. and Hart, S. A preliminary study of the effect of essential oils on skeletal and smooth muscle in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol 1997;58(3):183-187.
  • Lis-Balchin, M. and Hart, S. Studies on the mode of action of the essential oil of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia P. Miller). Phytother Res 1999;13(6):540-542.
  • Liu H, Schmitz JC, Wei J, et al. Clove extract inhibits tumor growth and promotes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Oncol Res 2014;21(5):247-59.
  • Loizzo, M. R., Tundis, R., Menichini, F., Saab, A. M., Statti, G. A., and Menichini, F. Cytotoxic activity of essential oils from labiatae and lauraceae families against in vitro human tumor models. Anticancer Res 2007;27(5A):3293-3299.
  • Louis, M. and Kowalski, S. D. Use of aromatherapy with hospice patients to decrease pain, anxiety, and depression and to promote an increased sense of well-being. Am.J Hosp.Palliat.Care 2002;19(6):381-386.
  • Lovenich, H., Schutt-Gerowitt, H., Keulertz, C., Waldschmidt, D., Bethe, U., Sohngen, D., and Cornely, O. A. Failure of anti-infective mouth rinses and concomitant antibiotic prophylaxis to decrease oral mucosal colonization in autologous stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2005;35(10):997-1001.
  • Lua PL, Zakaria NS. A brief review of current scientific evidence involving aromatherapy use for nausea and vomiting. J Altern Complement Med 2012;18:534.
  • Lytle J, Mwatha C, Davis KK. Effect of lavender aromatherapy on vital signs and perceived quality of sleep in the intermediate care unit: a pilot study. Am J Crit Care. 2014;23(1):24-9.
  • Mabrouk, S. S. and El Shayeb, N. M. Inhibition of aflatoxin formation by some spices. Z.Lebensm.Unters.Forsch. 1980;171(5):344-347.
  • Machado M, Dinis AM, Salgueiro L, Custódio JB, Cavaleiro C, Sousa MC. Anti-Giardia activity of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil and eugenol: effects on growth, viability, adherence and ultrastructure. Exp Parasitol 2011;127(4):732-9.
  • Madisch A, Holtmann G, Mayr G, et al. Treatment of functional dyspepsia with a herbal preparation. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Digestion 2004;69:45-52.
  • Madisch A, Holtmann G, Mayr G, et al. Treatment of functional dyspepsia with a herbal preparation. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Digestion 2004;69:45-52.
  • Madisch A, Melderis H, Mayr G, et al. [A plant extract and its modified preparation in functional dyspepsia. Results of a double-blind placebo controlled comparative study]. Z Gastroenterol 2001;39(7):511-7.
  • Madisch A, Melderis H, Mayr G, et al. [A plant extract and its modified preparation in functional dyspepsia. Results of a double-blind placebo controlled comparative study]. Z Gastroenterol 2001;39(7):511-7.
  • Maenthaisong R, Chaiyakunapruk N, Tiyaboonchai W, Tawatsin A, Rojanawiwat A, Thavara U. Efficacy and safety of topical Trikatu preparation in, relieving mosquito bite reactions: a randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2014;22(1):34-9.
  • Maenthaisong R, Chaiyakunapruk N, Tiyaboonchai W, Tawatsin A, Rojanawiwat A, Thavara U. Efficacy and safety of topical Trikatu preparation in, relieving mosquito bite reactions: a randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2014;22(1):34-9.
  • Maghami M, Afazel MR, Azizi-Fini I, Maghami M. The effect of aromatherapy with peppermint essential oil on nausea and vomiting after cardiac surgery: A randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2020;40:101199.
  • Mahdavikian S, Fallahi M, Khatony A. Comparing the Effect of Aromatherapy with Peppermint and Lavender Essential Oils on Fatigue of Cardiac Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021;2021:9925945.
  • Mahdavikian S, Fallahi M, Khatony A. Comparing the Effect of Aromatherapy with Peppermint and Lavender Essential Oils on Fatigue of Cardiac Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021;2021:9925945.
  • Maliakal PP, Wanwimolruk S. Effect of herbal teas on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001;53:1323-9.
  • Malson JL, Lee EM, Murty R, et al. Clove cigarette smoking: biochemical, physiological, and subjective effects. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003;74:739-45.
  • Mammen RR, Natinga Mulakal J, Mohanan R, Maliakel B, Illathu Madhavamenon K. Clove bud polyphenols alleviate alterations in inflammation and oxidative stress markers associated with binge drinking: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled crossover study. J Med Food 2018;21(11):1188-96.
  • Marciani, L., Foley, S., Hoad, C. L., Campbell, E., Totman, J. J., and Cox, E. Accelerated small bowel transit and contracted transverse colon in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D): novel insights from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Gastroenterology 2007;132 (suppl 1):A141.
  • Marotta, R. B. and Floch, M. H. Diet and nutrition in ulcer disease. Med Clin North Am 1991;75(4):967-979.
  • Marotta, R. B. and Floch, M. H. Diet and nutrition in ulcer disease. Med Clin North Am 1991;75(4):967-979.
  • Martinelli M, Ummarino D, Giugliano FP, et al. Efficacy of a standardized extract of Matricariae chamomilla L., Melissa officinalis L. and tyndallized Lactobacillus acidophilus (HA122) in infantile colic: an open randomized controlled trial. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2017 Dec;29:e13145.
  • Masoumi SZ, Asl HR, Poorolajal J, Panah MH, Oliaei SR. Evaluation of mint efficacy regarding dysmenorrhea in comparison with mefenamic acid: A double blinded randomized crossover study. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2016;21(4):363-7.
  • Masuda, T., Inaba, Y., and Takeda, Y. Antioxidant mechanism of carnosic acid: structural identification of two oxidation products. J Agric.Food Chem. 2001;49(11):5560-5565.
  • Masuda, T., Inaba, Y., Maekawa, T., Takeda, Y., Tamura, H., and Yamaguchi, H. Recovery mechanism of the antioxidant activity from carnosic acid quinone, an oxidized sage and rosemary antioxidant. J Agric.Food Chem. 10-9-2002;50(21):5863-5869.
  • Masumoto, Y., Morinushi, T., Kawasaki, H., Ogura, T., and Takigawa, M. Effects of three principal constituents in chewing gum on electroencephalographic activity. Psychiatry Clin.Neurosci. 1999;53(1):17-23.
  • Matsuda, H., Ninomiya, K., Morikawa, T., Yasuda, D., Yamaguchi, I., and Yoshikawa, M. Hepatoprotective amide constituents from the fruit of Piper chaba: Structural requirements, mode of action, and new amides. Bioorg.Med Chem. 10-15-2009;17(20):7313-7323.
  • Matsuda, H., Ninomiya, K., Morikawa, T., Yasuda, D., Yamaguchi, I., and Yoshikawa, M. Hepatoprotective amide constituents from the fruit of Piper chaba: Structural requirements, mode of action, and new amides. Bioorg.Med Chem. 10-15-2009;17(20):7313-7323.
  • Maya-Enero S, Fàbregas-Mitjans M, Llufriu-Marquès RM, Candel-Pau J, Garcia-Garcia J, López-Vílchez MÁ. Analgesic effect of inhaled lavender essential oil for frenotomy in healthy neonates: a randomized clinical trial. World J Pediatr. 2022;18(6):398-403.
  • Maya-Enero S, Fàbregas-Mitjans M, Llufriu-Marquès RM, Candel-Pau J, Garcia-Garcia J, López-Vílchez MÁ. Comparison of the analgesic effect of inhaled lavender vs vanilla essential oil for neonatal frenotomy: a randomized clinical trial (NCT04867824). Eur J Pediatr 2022;181(11):3923-3929.
  • Mayaud, L., Carricajo, A., Zhiri, A., and Aubert, G. Comparison of bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of 13 essential oils against strains with varying sensitivity to antibiotics. Lett.Appl.Microbiol. 2008;47(3):167-173.
  • Mayer, B., Baggio, C. H., Freitas, C. S., dos Santos, A. C., Twardowschy, A., Horst, H., Pizzolatti, M. G., Micke, G. A., Heller, M., dos Santos, E. P., Otuki, M. F., and Marques, M. C. Gastroprotective constituents of Salvia officinalis L. Fitoterapia 2009;80(7):421-426.
  • Mayer, E., Gescheidt-Shoshany, H., and Weltfriend, S. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by Salvia officinalis extract. Contact Dermatitis 2011;64(4):237-238.
  • McCaffrey R, Thomas DJ, Kinzelman AO. The effects of lavender and rosemary essential oils on test-taking anxiety among graduate nursing students. Holist Nurs Pract 2009;23(2):88-93.
  • McDougal, R. A., Delano, E. O., Caplan, D., Sigurdsson, A., and Trope, M. Success of an alternative for interim management of irreversible pulpitis. J Am Dent.Assoc 2004;135(12):1707-1712.
  • McKay, D. L. and Blumberg, J. B. A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of peppermint tea (Mentha piperita L.). Phytother.Res 2006;20(8):619-633.
  • McNamara, F. N., Randall, A., and Gunthorpe, M. J. Effects of piperine, the pungent component of black pepper, at the human vanilloid receptor (TRPV1). Br J Pharmacol 2005;144(6):781-790.
  • McNamara, F. N., Randall, A., and Gunthorpe, M. J. Effects of piperine, the pungent component of black pepper, at the human vanilloid receptor (TRPV1). Br J Pharmacol 2005;144(6):781-790.
  • Medicinal Plants. Springer Verlag: Lavoisier, NY, 1995.
  • Meftahizade, H., Sargsyan, E., and Moradkhani, H. Investigation of antioxidant capacity of Melissa officinalis L. essential oils. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 2010;4(14):1391-1395.
  • Meghwal M, Goswami TK. Piper nigrum and piperine: an update. Phytother Res. 2013;27(8):1121-30.
  • Meghwal M, Goswami TK. Piper nigrum and piperine: an update. Phytother Res. 2013;27(8):1121-30.
  • Meier S, Haschke M, Zahner C, et al. Effects of a fixed herbal drug combination (Ze 185) to an experimental acute stress setting in healthy men – An explorative randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study. Phytomedicine. 2018 Jan 15;39:85-92.
  • Melzer J, Rosch W, Reichling J, et al. Meta-analysis: phytotherapy of functional dyspepsia with the herbal drug preparation STW 5 (Iberogast). Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:1279-87.
  • Melzer J, Schrader E, Brattström A, et al. Fixed herbal drug combination with and without butterbur (Ze 185) for the treatment of patients with somatoform disorders: randomized, placebo-controlled pharmaco-clinical trial. Phytother Res. 2009 Sep;23:1303-8.
  • Mencherini, T., Picerno, P., Russo, P., Meloni, M., and Aquino, R. Composition of the fresh leaves and stems of Melissa officinalis and evaluation of skin irritation in a reconstituted human epidermis model. J.Nat.Prod. 2009;72(8):1512-1515.
  • Meolie, A. L., Rosen, C., Kristo, D., Kohrman, M., Gooneratne, N., Aguillard, R. N., Fayle, R., Troell, R., Townsend, D., Claman, D., Hoban, T., and Mahowald, M. Oral nonprescription treatment for insomnia: an evaluation of products with limited evidence. J Clin.Sleep Med 4-15-2005;1(2):173-187.
  • Mikus, J., Harkenthal, M., Steverding, D., and Reichling, J. In vitro effect of essential oils and isolated mono- and sesquiterpenes on Leishmania major and Trypanosoma brucei. Planta Med 2000;66(4):366-368.
  • Miles, C. and Johnson, A. J. Chewing gum and context-dependent memory effects: a re-examination. Appetite 2007;48(2):154-158.
  • Millet Y, Jouglard J, Steinmetz MD, et al. Toxicity of some essential plant oils. Clinical and experimental study. Clin Toxicol 1981;18:1485-98.
  • Mills, J. J., Chari, R. S., Boyer, I. J., Gould, M. N., and Jirtle, R. L. Induction of apoptosis in liver tumors by the monoterpene perillyl alcohol. Cancer Res 3-1-1995;55(5):979-983.
  • Mimica-Dukic, N., Bozin, B., Sokovic, M., and Simin, N. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) essential oil. J Agric.Food Chem. 5-5-2004;52(9):2485-2489.
  • Mirbagher Ajorpaz N, Rahemi Z, Aghajani M, Hashemi SH. Effects of glycerin oil and lavender oil massages on hemodialysis patients’ restless legs syndrome. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020;24(1):88-92.
  • Miroddi M, Navarra M, Quattropani MC, et al. Systematic review of clinical trials assessing pharmacological properties of Salvia species on memory, cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2014;20(6):485-95.
  • Mishra, R. K. and Singh, S. K. Safety assessment of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud (clove) extract with respect to testicular function in mice. Food Chem.Toxicol. 2008;46(10):3333-3338.
  • Mitchell, R. Treatment of fibrinolytic alveolitis by a collagen paste (Formula K). A preliminary report. Int J Oral Maxillofac.Surg. 1986;15(2):127-133.
  • Mohammad Rezaie S, Shahabinejad M, Loripoor M, Sayadi AR. The effect of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on the working memory of women with multiple sclerosis. J Med Life 2021;14(6):776-781.
  • Mohan R, Jose S, Mulakkal J, Karpinsky-Semper D, Swick AG, Krishnakumar IM. Water-soluble polyphenol-rich clove extract lowers pre- and post-prandial blood glucose levels in healthy and prediabetic volunteers: an open label pilot study. BMC Complement Altern Med 2019;19(1):99.
  • Mohtar, M., Johari, S. A., Li, A. R., Isa, M. M., Mustafa, S., Ali, A. M., and Basri, D. F. Inhibitory and resistance-modifying potential of plant-based alkaloids against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Curr.Microbiol. 2009;59(2):181-186.
  • Mohtar, M., Johari, S. A., Li, A. R., Isa, M. M., Mustafa, S., Ali, A. M., and Basri, D. F. Inhibitory and resistance-modifying potential of plant-based alkaloids against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Curr.Microbiol. 2009;59(2):181-186.
  • Mojtehedi M, Salehi-Pourmehr H, Ostadrahimi A, Asnaashari S, Esmaeilpour K, Farshbaf-Khalili A. Effect of aromatherapy with essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill- Citrus bergamia and mindfulness-based intervention on sexual function, anxiety, and depression in postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial with factorial design. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2022:392-405.
  • Möller HJ, Volz HP, Dienel A, Schläfke S, Kasper S. Efficacy of Silexan in subthreshold anxiety: meta-analysis of randomised, placebo-controlled trials. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017 Nov 17. doi: 10.1007/s00406-017-0852-4.
  • Molochko, V. A., Lastochkina, T. M., Krylov, I. A., and Brangulis, K. A. [The antistaphylococcal properties of plant extracts in relation to their prospective use as therapeutic and prophylactic formulations for the skin]. Vestn.Dermatol Venerol. 1990;(8):54-56.
  • Monsen RE, Herlofson BB, Gay C, et al. A mouth rinse based on a tea solution of Salvia officinalis for oral discomfort in palliative cancer care: a randomized controlled trial. Support Care Cancer. 2021;29(9):4997-5007.
  • Moorman Li R, Gilbert B, Orman A,et al. Evaluating the effects of diffused lavender in an adult day care center for patients with dementia in an effort to decrease behavioral issues: a pilot study. J Drug Assess. 2017 Jan 23;6(1):1-5.
  • Morris N. The effects of lavender (Lavendula angustifolium) baths on psychological well-being: two exploratory randomised control trials. Complement Ther Med 2002;10:223-8.
  • Morsy, M. A. and Fouad, A. A. Mechanisms of gastroprotective effect of eugenol in indomethacin-induced ulcer in rats. Phytother.Res. 2008;22(10):1361-1366.
  • Mortazavi, M. and Mesbahi, M. Comparison of zinc oxide and eugenol, and Vitapex for root canal treatment of necrotic primary teeth. Int J Paediatr.Dent. 2004;14(6):417-424.
  • Morton C. A., Garioch J., Todd P., et al. Contact sensitivity to menthol and peppermint in patients with intra-oral symptoms. Contact Dermatitis 1995;32:281-4.
  • Moss M, Cook J, Wesnes K, Duckett P. Aromas of rosemary and lavender essential oils differentially affect cognition and mood in healthy adults. Int J Neurosci 2003;113(1):15-38.
  • Moss, L., Rouse, M., Wesnes, K. A., and Moss, M. Differential effects of the aromas of Salvia species on memory and mood. Hum.Psychopharmacol. 2010;25(5):388-396.
  • Moss, M., Hewitt, S., Moss, L., and Wesnes, K. Modulation of cognitive performance and mood by aromas of peppermint and ylang-ylang. Int J Neurosci 2008;118(1):59-77.
  • Motaghi N, Tajadini H, Shafiei K, et al. Lavender improves fatigue symptoms in multiple sclerosis patients: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022;65:104000.
  • Motomura N, Sakurai A, and Yotsuya Y. A psychophysiological study of lavender odorant. Memoirs of Osaka Kyoiku University, Series III 1999;47(2):281-287.
  • Motomura, N., Sakurai, A., and Yotsuya, Y. Reduction of mental stress with lavender odorant. Percept.Mot.Skills 2001;93(3):713-718.
  • Mousavi Vahed SH, Afiat M, Dadgar S. Peppermint drop effect on ileus following cesarean section. J Family Med Prim Care 2022;11(4):1435-42.
  • Mrlianova, M., Tekel’ova, D., Felklova, M., Reinohl, V., and Toth, J. The influence of the harvest cut height on the quality of the herbal drugs Melissae folium and Melissae herba. Planta Med 2002;68(2):178-180.
  • Muhlbauer, R. C., Lozano, A., Palacio, S., Reinli, A., and Felix, R. Common herbs, essential oils, and monoterpenes potently modulate bone metabolism. Bone 2003;32(4):372-380.
  • Mujumdar, A. M., Dhuley, J. N., Deshmukh, V. K., Raman, P. H., Thorat, S. L., and Naik, S. R. Effect of piperine on pentobarbitone induced hypnosis in rats. Indian J Exp.Biol. 1990;28(5):486-487.
  • Mujumdar, A. M., Dhuley, J. N., Deshmukh, V. K., Raman, P. H., Thorat, S. L., and Naik, S. R. Effect of piperine on pentobarbitone induced hypnosis in rats. Indian J Exp.Biol. 1990;28(5):486-487.
  • Muller SF, Klement S. A combination of valerian and lemon balm is effective in the treatment of restlessness and dyssomnia in children. Phytomedicine 2006;13:383-7.
  • Munakata, M., Kobayashi, K., Niisato-Nezu, J., Tanaka, S., Kakisaka, Y., Ebihara, T., Ebihara, S., Haginoya, K., Tsuchiya, S., and Onuma, A. Olfactory stimulation using black pepper oil facilitates oral feeding in pediatric patients receiving long-term enteral nutrition. Tohoku J Exp.Med 2008;214(4):327-332.
  • Munakata, M., Kobayashi, K., Niisato-Nezu, J., Tanaka, S., Kakisaka, Y., Ebihara, T., Ebihara, S., Haginoya, K., Tsuchiya, S., and Onuma, A. Olfactory stimulation using black pepper oil facilitates oral feeding in pediatric patients receiving long-term enteral nutrition. Tohoku J Exp.Med 2008;214(4):327-332.
  • Muniz, L. and Mathias, P. The influence of sodium hypochlorite and root canal sealers on post retention in different dentin regions. Oper.Dent. 2005;30(4):533-539.
  • Munne-Bosch, S. and Alegre, L. Drought-induced changes in the redox state of alpha-tocopherol, ascorbate, and the diterpene carnosic acid in chloroplasts of Labiatae species differing in carnosic acid contents. Plant Physiol 2003;131(4):1816-1825.
  • Musenga, A., Ferranti, A., Saracino, M. A., Fanali, S., and Raggi, M. A. Simultaneous determination of aromatic and terpenic constituents of cloves by means of HPLC with diode array detection. J Sep.Sci 2006;29(9):1251-1258.
  • Mutluay Yayla E, Izgu N, Ozdemir L, Aslan Erdem S, Kartal M. Sage tea-thyme-peppermint hydrosol oral rinse reduces chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis: A randomized controlled pilot study. Complement Ther Med 2016;27:58-64.
  • Muzzarelli L, Force M, Sebold M. Aromatherapy and reducing preprocedural anxiety: A controlled prospective study. Gastroenterol Nurs 2006;29(6):466-71.
  • Myers, B. M., Smith, J. L., and Graham, D. Y. Effect of red pepper and black pepper on the stomach. Am J Gastroenterol 1987;82(3):211-214.
  • Myers, B. M., Smith, J. L., and Graham, D. Y. Effect of red pepper and black pepper on the stomach. Am J Gastroenterol 1987;82(3):211-214.
  • Naderi Dastjerdi M, Darooneh T, Nasiri M, Moatar F, Esmaeili S, Ozgoli G. Investigating the effect of Melissa officinalis on after-pains: A randomized single-blind clinical trial. J Caring Sci. 2019;8(3):129-138.
  • Naito, K., Ohoka, E., Kato, R., Kondo, Y., and Iwata, S. The effect of L-menthol stimulation of the major palatine nerve on nasal patency. Auris Nasus Larynx 1991;18(3):221-226.
  • Nalini N, Sabitha K, Viswanathan P, Menon VP. Influence of spices on the bacterial (enzyme) activity in experimental colon cancer. J Ethnopharmacol 1998;62:15-24.
  • Nalini N, Sabitha K, Viswanathan P, Menon VP. Influence of spices on the bacterial (enzyme) activity in experimental colon cancer. J Ethnopharmacol 1998;62:15-24.
  • Naseri, M. K. and Yahyavi, H. Antispasmodic effect of Piper nigrum fruit hot water extract on rat ileum. Pak.J Biol.Sci 6-1-2008;11(11):1492-1496.
  • Naseri, M. K. and Yahyavi, H. Antispasmodic effect of Piper nigrum fruit hot water extract on rat ileum. Pak.J Biol.Sci 6-1-2008;11(11):1492-1496.
  • Nasiri A, Hahmodi MA, Nobakht Z. Effect of aromatherapy massage with lavender essential oil on pain in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016 Nov;25:75-80.
  • Nasiri Lari Z, Hajimonfarednejad M, Riasatian M, et al. Efficacy of inhaled Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Essential oil on sleep quality, quality of life and metabolic control in patients with diabetes mellitus type II and insomnia. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020;251:112560.
  • Nasiri M, Asayesh H, Yousefi Khosroabadi Z, Hosseini Amiri M, Bahadori H, Rajaee M. Effects of Aromatherapy with Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia MILL) on Post-Dural Puncture Headache: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Altern Ther Health Med. 2020:AT6279.
  • Natural compounds fight oral pathogens. J Am.Dent.Assoc. 1996;127(11):1582.
  • Navarro, I. T., Vidotto, O., Giraldi, N., and Mitsuka, R. [Resistance of Toxoplasma gondii to sodium chloride and condiments in pork sausage]. Bol.Oficina Sanit.Panam. 1992;112(2):138-143.
  • Navarro, I. T., Vidotto, O., Giraldi, N., and Mitsuka, R. [Resistance of Toxoplasma gondii to sodium chloride and condiments in pork sausage]. Bol.Oficina Sanit.Panam. 1992;112(2):138-143.
  • Nelson RR. In-vitro activities of five plant essential oils against methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997;40(2):305-307.
  • Nelson, R. L., Thomas, K., Morgan, J., and Jones, A. Non surgical therapy for anal fissure. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;2:CD003431.
  • Ngamo, L. S., Ngassoum, M. B., Jirovetz, L., Ousman, A., Nukenine, E. C., and Mukala, O. E. Protection of stored maize against Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) by use of essential oils of spices from Cameroon. Meded.Rijksuniv.Gent Fak.Landbouwkd.Toegep.Biol.Wet. 2001;66(2a):473-478.
  • Ngamo, L. S., Ngassoum, M. B., Jirovetz, L., Ousman, A., Nukenine, E. C., and Mukala, O. E. Protection of stored maize against Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) by use of essential oils of spices from Cameroon. Meded.Rijksuniv.Gent Fak.Landbouwkd.Toegep.Biol.Wet. 2001;66(2a):473-478.
  • Niculae, M., Spînu, M., Stefan, R., Sandru, C. D., Mircean, V., Brudasca, G. F., Bolfa, P., and Uricariu, R. In vitro efficacy of gentamicin and Mellisa officinalis essential oil against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from dogs with otitis externa. Scientific Works – University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest Series C, Veterinary Medicine 2010;56(3/4):280-284.
  • Nikjou R, Kazemzadeh R, Rostamnegad M, Moshfegi S, Karimollahi M, Salehi H. The effect of lavender aromatherapy on the pain severity of primary dysmenorrhea: a triple-blind randomized clinical trial. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2016 Jul-Aug;6(4):211-15.
  • Nishino, T., Tagaito, Y., and Sakurai, Y. Nasal inhalation of l-menthol reduces respiratory discomfort associated with loaded breathing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;156(1):309-313.
  • Noguchi-Shinohara M, Hamaguchi T, Sakai K, et al. Effects of Melissa officinalis Extract Containing Rosmarinic Acid on Cognition in Older Adults Without Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2022.
  • Noguchi-Shinohara M, Ono K, Hamaguchi T, et al. Safety and efficacy of Melissa officinalis extract containing rosmarinic acid in the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease progression. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):18627.
  • Nolen HW 3rd, Friend DR. Menthol-beta-D-glucuronide: a potential prodrug for treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome. Pharm Res 1994;11:1707-11.
  • Nolkemper, S., Reichling, J., Stintzing, F. C., Carle, R., and Schnitzler, P. Antiviral effect of aqueous extracts from species of the Lamiaceae family against Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in vitro. Planta Med 2006;72(15):1378-1382.
  • Nolkemper, S., Reichling, J., Stintzing, F. C., Carle, R., and Schnitzler, P. Antiviral effect of aqueous extracts from species of the Lamiaceae family against Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in vitro. Planta Med 2006;72(15):1378-1382.
  • Nord D, Belew J. Effectiveness of the essential oils lavender and ginger in promoting children’s comfort in a perianesthesia setting. J Perianesth Nurs. 2009;24:307-12.
  • Ntalli, N. G., Ferrari, F., Giannakou, I., and Menkissoglu-Spiroudi, U. Phytochemistry and nematicidal activity of the essential oils from 8 Greek Lamiaceae aromatic plants and 13 terpene components. J.Agric.Food Chem. 7-14-2010;58(13):7856-7863.
  • O’Connor DW, Eppingstall B, Taffe J, van der Ploeg ES. A randomized, controlled cross-over trial of dermally-applied lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) oil as a treatment of agitated behaviour in dementia. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013;13:315.
  • O’Mahony, R., Al Khtheeri, H., Weerasekera, D., Fernando, N., Vaira, D., Holton, J., and Basset, C. Bactericidal and anti-adhesive properties of culinary and medicinal plants against Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastroenterol. 12-21-2005;11(47):7499-7507.
  • O’Mahony, R., Al Khtheeri, H., Weerasekera, D., Fernando, N., Vaira, D., Holton, J., and Basset, C. Bactericidal and anti-adhesive properties of culinary and medicinal plants against Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastroenterol. 12-21-2005;11(47):7499-7507.
  • O’Mahony, R., Al Khtheeri, H., Weerasekera, D., Fernando, N., Vaira, D., Holton, J., and Basset, C. Bactericidal and anti-adhesive properties of culinary and medicinal plants against Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastroenterol. 12-21-2005;11(47):7499-7507.
  • Oboh, G. and Henle, T. Antioxidant and inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts of Salvia officinalis leaves on pro-oxidant-induced lipid peroxidation in brain and liver in vitro. J Med Food 2009;12(1):77-84.
  • Oniga, I., Parvu, A. E., Toiu, A., and Benedec, D. Effects of Salvia officinalis L. extract on experimental acute inflammation. Rev.Med Chir Soc.Med Nat.Iasi 2007;111(1):290-294.
  • Ononiwu, I. M., Ibeneme, C. E., and Ebong, O. O. Effects of piperine on gastric acid secretion in albino rats. Afr.J Med Med Sci 2002;31(4):293-295.
  • Ononiwu, I. M., Ibeneme, C. E., and Ebong, O. O. Effects of piperine on gastric acid secretion in albino rats. Afr.J Med Med Sci 2002;31(4):293-295.
  • Orhan, I. and Aslan, M. Appraisal of scopolamine-induced antiamnesic effect in mice and in vitro antiacetylcholinesterase and antioxidant activities of some traditionally used Lamiaceae plants. J.Ethnopharmacol. 3-18-2009;122(2):327-332.
  • Orhan, I., Kartal, M., Kan, Y., and Sener, B. Activity of essential oils and individual components against acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase. Z.Naturforsch.C. 2008;63(7-8):547-553.
  • Ormerod, A. D. and Main, R. A. Sensitisation to “sensitive teeth” toothpaste. Contact Dermatitis 1985;13(3):192-193.
  • Orth-Wagner, S, Ressin, WJ, and Friedrich, I. Phytosedativum gegen Schlafstörungen / Klinische Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit eines Phytosedativums mit Auszügen aus Baldrianwurzel, Hopfenzapfen und Melissenblättern. 1995;16(147):156.
  • Osawa, K., Matsumoto, T., Yasuda, H., Kato, T., Naito, Y., and Okuda, K. The inhibitory effect of plant extracts on the collagenolytic activity and cytotoxicity of human gingival fibroblasts by Porphyromonas gingivalis crude enzyme. Bull.Tokyo Dent Coll. 1991;32(1):1-7.
  • Oshvandi K, Mirzajani Letomi F, Soltanian AR, Shamsizadeh M. The effects of foot massage on hemodialysis patients’ sleep quality and restless leg syndrome: a comparison of lavender and sweet orange essential oil topical application. J Complement Integr Med 2021;18(4):843-850.
  • Ostermann, T., Blaser, G., Bertram, M., Michalsen, A., Matthiessen, P. F., and Kraft, K. Effects of rhythmic embrocation therapy with solum oil in chronic pain patients: a prospective observational study. Clin J Pain 2008;24(3):237-243.
  • Ou, M. C., Hsu, T. F., Lai, A. C., Lin, Y. T., and Lin, C. C. Pain relief assessment by aromatic essential oil massage on outpatients with primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. J Obstet.Gynaecol.Res 2012;38(5):817-822.
  • Ozalp, N., Saroglu, I., and Sonmez, H. Evaluation of various root canal filling materials in primary molar pulpectomies: an in vivo study. Am J Dent. 2005;18(6):347-350.
  • Ozkaraman A, Dügüm Ö, Özen Yilmaz H, Usta Yesilbalkan Ö. Aromatherapy: The Effect of Lavender on Anxiety and Sleep Quality in Patients Treated With Chemotherapy. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2018;22(2):203-10.
  • Pallares, D. E. Link between clove cigarettes and urticaria? Postgrad.Med 10-1-1999;106(4):153.
  • Panda, S. and Kar, A. Piperine lowers the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones, glucose and hepatic 5’D activity in adult male mice. Horm.Metab Res. 2003;35(9):523-526.
  • Panda, S. and Kar, A. Piperine lowers the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones, glucose and hepatic 5’D activity in adult male mice. Horm.Metab Res. 2003;35(9):523-526.
  • Panossian, A., Nikoyan, N., Ohanyan, N., Hovhannisyan, A., Abrahamyan, H., Gabrielyan, E., and Wikman, G. Comparative study of Rhodiola preparations on behavioral despair of rats. Phytomedicine. 2008;15(1-2):84-91.
  • Panossian, A., Nikoyan, N., Ohanyan, N., Hovhannisyan, A., Abrahamyan, H., Gabrielyan, E., and Wikman, G. Comparative study of Rhodiola preparations on behavioral despair of rats. Phytomedicine. 2008;15(1-2):84-91.
  • Pardo-Aldave K, Diaz-Pizan M E, Villegas L F, et al. Child behaviour modulation during first dental visit after administration of lemon balm, Poster Sessions. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2009;19(1):66-170.
  • Pardo-Aldave, K. Diaz-Pizan M. E. Villegas L. F. Bernabe E. Child behaviour modulation during first dental visit after administration of lemon balm, Poster Sessions. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2009;19(1):66-170.
  • Park, B. S., Song, Y. S., Yee, S. B., Lee, B. G., Seo, S. Y., Park, Y. C., Kim, J. M., Kim, H. M., and Yoo, Y. H. Phospho-ser 15-p53 translocates into mitochondria and interacts with Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL in eugenol-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis. 2005;10(1):193-200.
  • Park, C. K., Kim, K., Jung, S. J., Kim, M. J., Ahn, D. K., Hong, S. D., Kim, J. S., and Oh, S. B. Molecular mechanism for local anesthetic action of eugenol in the rat trigeminal system. Pain 2009;144(1-2):84-94.
  • Park, C. K., Li, H. Y., Yeon, K. Y., Jung, S. J., Choi, S. Y., Lee, S. J., Lee, S., Park, K., Kim, J. S., and Oh, S. B. Eugenol inhibits sodium currents in dental afferent neurons. J Dent.Res. 2006;85(10):900-904.
  • Park, I. K., Lee, S. G., Shin, S. C., Park, J. D., and Ahn, Y. J. Larvicidal activity of isobutylamides identified in Piper nigrum fruits against three mosquito species. J Agric.Food Chem. 3-27-2002;50(7):1866-1870.
  • Park, I. K., Lee, S. G., Shin, S. C., Park, J. D., and Ahn, Y. J. Larvicidal activity of isobutylamides identified in Piper nigrum fruits against three mosquito species. J Agric.Food Chem. 3-27-2002;50(7):1866-1870.
  • Park, M. K. and Lee, E. S. [The effect of aroma inhalation method on stress responses of nursing students]. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi 2004;34(2):344-351.
  • Patora, J., Majda, T., Gora, J., and Klimek, B. Variability in the content and composition of essential oil from lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) cultivated in Poland. Acta Pol.Pharm. 2003;60(5):395-400.
  • Pattanaik S, Hota D, Prabhakar S, et al. Pharmacokinetic interaction of a single dose of piperine with steady-state carbamazepine in epilepsy patients. Phytother Res 2009;23:1281-6.
  • Pattanaik S, Hota D, Prabhakar S, et al. Pharmacokinetic interaction of a single dose of piperine with steady-state carbamazepine in epilepsy patients. Phytother Res 2009;23:1281-6.
  • Pavela, R. Insecticidal activity of certain medicinal plants. Fitoterapia 2004;75(7-8):745-749.
  • Pavlenko, L. V., Mashkovskii, N. N., and Smirnov, V. V. [Effect of salvin on the incorporation of labeled precursors into macromolecular compounds of Staphylococcus aureus 209P]. Antibiot.Khimioter. 1989;34(8):582-585.
  • Pavlenko, L. V., Stepaniuk, V. V., Volosovets, P. S., and Smirnov, V. V. [The effect of salvin on the growth and ultrastructure of Staphylococcus aureus 209P]. Mikrobiol.Zh. 1989;51(2):86-91.
  • Pereira, P., Tysca, D., Oliveira, P., da Silva Brum, L. F., Picada, J. N., and Ardenghi, P. Neurobehavioral and genotoxic aspects of rosmarinic acid. Pharmacol.Res. 2005;52(3):199-203.
  • Perry NB, Anderson RE, Brennan NJ, et al. Essential oils from dalmatian sage (Salvia officinalis l.): variations among individuals, plant parts, seasons, and sites. J Agric Food Chem 1999;47:2048-54.
  • Perry NS, Bollen C, Perry EK, Ballard C. Salvia for dementia therapy: review of pharmacological activity and pilot tolerability clinical trial. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003;75:651-9.
  • Perry NSL, Menzies R, Hodgson F, et al. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of a combined extract of sage, rosemary and Melissa, traditional herbal medicines, on the enhancement of memory in normal healthy subjects, including influence of age. Phytomedicine. 2018 Jan 15;39:42-48.
  • Perry, E. and Howes, M. J. Medicinal plants and dementia therapy: herbal hopes for brain aging? CNS.Neurosci.Ther 2011;17(6):683-698.
  • Perry, E. and Howes, M. J. Medicinal plants and dementia therapy: herbal hopes for brain aging? CNS.Neurosci.Ther 2011;17(6):683-698.
  • Perry, E. K., Pickering, A. T., Wang, W. W., Houghton, P. J., and Perry, N. S. Medicinal plants and Alzheimer’s disease: from ethnobotany to phytotherapy. J Pharm Pharmacol 1999;51(5):527-534.
  • Perry, E. K., Pickering, A. T., Wang, W. W., Houghton, P., and Perry, N. S. Medicinal plants and Alzheimer’s disease: Integrating ethnobotanical and contemporary scientific evidence. J Altern Complement Med 1998;4(4):419-428.
  • Perry, E. K., Pickering, A. T., Wang, W. W., Houghton, P. J., and Perry, N. S. Medicinal plants and Alzheimer’s disease: from ethnobotany to phytotherapy. J Pharm Pharmacol 1999;51(5):527-534.
  • Perry, E. K., Pickering, A. T., Wang, W. W., Houghton, P., and Perry, N. S. Medicinal plants and Alzheimer’s disease: Integrating ethnobotanical and contemporary scientific evidence. J Altern Complement Med 1998;4(4):419-428.
  • Perry, N. S., Houghton, P. J., Sampson, J., Theobald, A. E., Hart, S., Lis-Balchin, M., Hoult, J. R., Evans, P., Jenner, P., Milligan, S., and Perry, E. K. In-vitro activity of S. lavandulaefolia (Spanish sage) relevant to treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001;53(10):1347-1356.
  • Perry, N. S., Houghton, P. J., Theobald, A., Jenner, P., and Perry, E. K. In-vitro inhibition of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase by salvia lavandulaefolia essential oil and constituent terpenes. J Pharm Pharmacol 2000;52(7):895-902.
  • Perry, N., Court, G., Bidet, N., Court, J., and Perry, E. European herbs with cholinergic activities: Potential in dementia. Int J Ger Psych 1996;11(12):1063-1069.
  • Perry, R., Terry, R., Watson, L. K., and Ernst, E. Is lavender an anxiolytic drug? A systematic review of randomised clinical trials. Phytomedicine. 6-15-2012;19(8-9):825-835.
  • Pierre F, et al. Short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides reduced the occurrence of colon tumors and develop gut-associated lymphoid tissue in Min mice. Cancer Res 1997;57:225-8.
  • Pitten, F. A. and Kramer, A. Antimicrobial efficacy of antiseptic mouthrinse solutions. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1999;55(2):95-100.
  • Piyachaturawat, P., Kingkaeohoi, S., and Toskulkao, C. Potentiation of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity by piperine. Drug Chem.Toxicol. 1995;18(4):333-344.
  • Piyachaturawat, P., Kingkaeohoi, S., and Toskulkao, C. Potentiation of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity by piperine. Drug Chem.Toxicol. 1995;18(4):333-344.
  • Poeckel, D., Greiner, C., Verhoff, M., Rau, O., Tausch, L., Hornig, C., Steinhilber, D., Schubert-Zsilavecz, M., and Werz, O. Carnosic acid and carnosol potently inhibit human 5-lipoxygenase and suppress pro-inflammatory responses of stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Biochem.Pharmacol 7-1-2008;76(1):91-97.
  • Politano VT, McGinty D, Lewis EM, et al. Uterotrophic assay of percutaneous lavender oil in immature female rats. Int J Toxicol. 2013 Mar-Aor;32(2):123-9.
  • Pongprayoon, U., Baeckstrom, P., Jacobsson, U., Lindstrom, M., and Bohlin, L. Compounds inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis isolated from Ipomoea pes-caprae. Planta Med 1991;57(6):515-518.
  • Poon, T. S. and Freeman, S. Cheilitis caused by contact allergy to anethole in spearmint flavoured toothpaste. Australas.J Dermatol. 2006;47(4):300-301.
  • Prabuseenivasan, S., Jayakumar, M., and Ignacimuthu, S. In vitro antibacterial activity of some plant essential oils. BMC.Complement Altern.Med 2006;6:39.
  • Prasad RC, Herzog B, Boone B, et al. An extract of Syzygium aromaticum represses genes encoding hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes. J Ethnopharmacol 2005;96:295-301.
  • Pratap, S, Mithravinda, Mohan, YS, Rajoshi, C, and Reddy, PM. Antimicrobial activity and bioautography of essential oils from selected Indian medicinal plants (MAPS-P-410). International Pharmaceutical Federation World Congress 2002;62:133.
  • Prusinowska R, Smigielski KB. Composition, biological properties and therapeutic effects of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.). A review. Herba Polonica. 2014;60(2):56-66.
  • Quirce, S., Fernandez-Nieto, M., del, Pozo, V, Sastre, B., and Sastre, J. Occupational asthma and rhinitis caused by eugenol in a hairdresser. Allergy 2008;63(1):137-138.
  • Raay, B., Medda, S., Mukhopadhyay, S., and Basu, M. K. Targeting of piperine intercalated in mannose-coated liposomes in experimental leishmaniasis. Indian J Biochem.Biophys. 1999;36(4):248-251.
  • Raay, B., Medda, S., Mukhopadhyay, S., and Basu, M. K. Targeting of piperine intercalated in mannose-coated liposomes in experimental leishmaniasis. Indian J Biochem.Biophys. 1999;36(4):248-251.
  • Rademaker M. Allergic contact dermatitis from lavender fragrance in Difflam gel. Contact Dermatitis 1994;31(1):58-59.
  • Radtke, O. A., Foo, L. Y., Lu, Y., Kiderlen, A. F., and Kolodziej, H. Evaluation of sage phenolics for their antileishmanial activity and modulatory effects on interleukin-6, interferon and tumour necrosis factor-alpha-release in RAW 264.7 cells. Z.Naturforsch.[C.] 2003;58(5-6):395-400.
  • Rafiee Sarbijan Nasab F, Mangolian Shahrbabaki P, Dehghan M, Tajadini H, Baniasadi H, Sabzevari S. Effect of abdominal massage with and without Salvia officinalis on nausea and vomiting in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy: A randomized clinical trial. J Oncol 2021;2021:9989228.
  • Rafii, F. and Shahverdi, A. R. Comparison of essential oils from three plants for enhancement of antimicrobial activity of nitrofurantoin against enterobacteria. Chemotherapy 2007;53(1):21-25.
  • Raghavendra, R. H. and Naidu, K. A. Spice active principles as the inhibitors of human platelet aggregation and thromboxane biosynthesis. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 2009;81(1):73-78.
  • Raghavendra, R. H. and Naidu, K. A. Spice active principles as the inhibitors of human platelet aggregation and thromboxane biosynthesis. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 2009;81(1):73-78.
  • Raghavenra, H., Diwakr, B. T., Lokesh, B. R., and Naidu, K. A. Eugenol–the active principle from cloves inhibits 5-lipoxygenase activity and leukotriene-C4 in human PMNL cells. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 2006;74(1):23-27.
  • Rahim, Z. H. and Khan, H. B. Comparative studies on the effect of crude aqueous (CA) and solvent (CM) extracts of clove on the cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans. J Oral Sci 2006;48(3):117-123.
  • Rahimi E, Sedighi Chafjiri A, Hasavari F, Kazem Nezhad Leyli E, Naseri M, Khosravi M. Evaluation of the effect of lavender aroma on fatigue among hemodialysis patients. Holist Nurs Pract 2022;36(2):76-84.
  • Rahimi, R. and Abdollahi, M. Herbal medicines for the management of irritable bowel syndrome: a comprehensive review. World J Gastroenterol. 2-21-2012;18(7):589-600.
  • Raines, T., Jones, P., Moe, N., Duncan, R., McCall, S., and Ceremuga, T. E. Investigation of the anxiolytic effects of luteolin, a lemon balm flavonoid in the male Sprague-Dawley rat. AANA.J. 2009;77(1):33-36.
  • Raisi Dehkordi Z, Hosseini Baharanchi FS, Bekhradi R. Effect of lavender inhalation on the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea and the amount of menstrual bleeding: A randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2014 Apr;22(2):212-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.12.011. Epub 2014 Jan 6.
  • Ramsewak RS, Nair MG, Stommel M, Selanders L. In vitro antagonistic activity of monoterpenes and their mixtures against ‘toe nail fungus’ pathogens. Phytother Res 2003;17:376-9..
  • Ranjbar M, Salehi A, Rezaeizadeh H, et al. Efficacy of a combination of Melissa officinalis L. and Nepeta Menthoides Boiss. and Buhse on insomnia: a triple-blind, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2018 May 9.
  • Rasooli, I., Shayegh, S., and Astaneh, S. The effect of Mentha spicata and Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oils on dental biofilm. Int J Dent.Hyg. 2009;7(3):196-203.
  • Rau, O., Wurglics, M., Paulke, A., Zitzkowski, J., Meindl, N., Bock, A., Dingermann, T., Abdel-Tawab, M., and Schubert-Zsilavecz, M. Carnosic Acid and Carnosol, Phenolic Diterpene Compounds of the Labiate Herbs Rosemary and Sage, are Activators of the Human Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma. Planta Med 2006;72(10):881-887.
  • Razaghi N, Aemmi SZ, Sadat Hoseini ASS, Boskabadi H, Mohebbi T, Ramezani M. The effectiveness of familiar olfactory stimulation with lavender scent and glucose on the pain of blood sampling in term neonates: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2020;49:102289.
  • Reddy, B. S., Wang, C. X., Samaha, H., Lubet, R., Steele, V. E., Kelloff, G. J., and Rao, C. V. Chemoprevention of colon carcinogenesis by dietary perillyl alcohol. Cancer Res 2-1-1997;57(3):420-425.
  • Reddy, K. K., Grossman, L., and Rogers, G. S. Common complementary and alternative therapies with potential use in dermatologic surgery: risks and benefits. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;68(4):e127-e135.
  • Reen, R. K., Roesch, S. F., Kiefer, F., Wiebel, F. J., and Singh, J. Piperine impairs cytochrome P4501A1 activity by direct interaction with the enzyme and not by down regulation of CYP1A1 gene expression in the rat hepatoma 5L cell line. Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun. 1-17-1996;218(2):562-569.
  • Reen, R. K., Roesch, S. F., Kiefer, F., Wiebel, F. J., and Singh, J. Piperine impairs cytochrome P4501A1 activity by direct interaction with the enzyme and not by down regulation of CYP1A1 gene expression in the rat hepatoma 5L cell line. Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun. 1-17-1996;218(2):562-569.
  • Reen, R. K., Wiebel, F. J., and Singh, J. Piperine inhibits aflatoxin B1-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in V79 Chinese hamster cells genetically engineered to express rat cytochrome P4502B1. J Ethnopharmacol. 1997;58(3):165-173.
  • Reen, R. K., Wiebel, F. J., and Singh, J. Piperine inhibits aflatoxin B1-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in V79 Chinese hamster cells genetically engineered to express rat cytochrome P4502B1. J Ethnopharmacol. 1997;58(3):165-173.
  • Ren T, Yang M, Xiao M, Zhu J, Xie W, Zuo Z. Time-dependent inhibition of carbamazepine metabolism by piperine in anti-epileptic treatment. Life Sci. 2019;218:314-323.
  • Ren T, Yang M, Xiao M, Zhu J, Xie W, Zuo Z. Time-dependent inhibition of carbamazepine metabolism by piperine in anti-epileptic treatment. Life Sci. 2019;218:314-323.
  • Ren, Z. and Gould, M. N. Inhibition of ubiquinone and cholesterol synthesis by the monoterpene perillyl alcohol. Cancer Lett 1-30-1994;76(2-3):185-190.
  • Renzulli, C., Galvano, F., Pierdomenico, L., Speroni, E., and Guerra, M. C. Effects of rosmarinic acid against aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin-A-induced cell damage in a human hepatoma cell line (Hep G2). J Appl Toxicol 2004;24(4):289-296.
  • Reuter, J., Jocher, A., Hornstein, S., Monting, J. S., and Schempp, C. M. Sage extract rich in phenolic diterpenes inhibits ultraviolet-induced erythema in vivo. Planta Med 2007;73(11):1190-1191.
  • Revay, E. E., Junnila, A., Xue, R. D., Kline, D. L., Bernier, U. R., Kravchenko, V. D., Qualls, W. A., Ghattas, N., and Muller, G. C. Evaluation of commercial products for personal protection against mosquitoes. Acta Trop. 2013;125(2):226-230.
  • Rho KH, Han SH, Kim KS, Lee MS. Effects of aromatherapy massage on anxiety and self-esteem in korean elderly women: a pilot study. Int J Neurosci 2006;116(12):1447-55.
  • Ribeiro, T. S., Freire-de-Lima, L., Previato, J. O., Mendonca-Previato, L., Heise, N., and de Lima, M. E. Toxic effects of natural piperine and its derivatives on epimastigotes and amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. Bioorg.Med Chem.Lett. 7-5-2004;14(13):3555-3558.
  • Ribeiro, T. S., Freire-de-Lima, L., Previato, J. O., Mendonca-Previato, L., Heise, N., and de Lima, M. E. Toxic effects of natural piperine and its derivatives on epimastigotes and amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. Bioorg.Med Chem.Lett. 7-5-2004;14(13):3555-3558.
  • Ripple GH, Gould MN, Stewart JA, and et al. Phase I clinical trial of perillyl alcohol administered daily. Clin Cancer Res 1998;4(5):1159-1164.
  • Ripple, G. H., Gould, M. N., Arzoomanian, R. Z., Alberti, D., Feierabend, C., Simon, K., Binger, K., Tutsch, K. D., Pomplun, M., Wahamaki, A., Marnocha, R., Wilding, G., and Bailey, H. H. Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of perillyl alcohol administered four times a day. Clin Cancer Res 2000;6(2):390-396.
  • Rivaz M, Rahpeima M, Khademian Z, Dabbaghmanesh MH. The effects of aromatherapy massage with lavender essential oil on neuropathic pain and quality of life in diabetic patients: A randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021;44:101430.
  • Robbers JE, Tyler VE. Tyler’s Herbs of Choice: The Therapeutic Use of Phytomedicinals. New York, NY: The Haworth Herbal Press, 1999.
  • Rodrigues, T. G., Fernandes, A., Jr., Sousa, J. P., Bastos, J. K., and Sforcin, J. M. In vitro and in vivo effects of clove on pro-inflammatory cytokines production by macrophages. Nat.Prod.Res. 2009;23(4):319-326.
  • Rogers SN, Pahor AL. A form of stomatitis induced by excessive peppermint consumption. Dent Update 1995;22:36-7.
  • Rojas, J., Solís, H., and Palacios, O. In vitro anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of essential oils of ten medicinal plants. / Evaluación in vitro de la actividad anti Trypanosoma cruzi de aceites esenciales de diez plantas medicinales.1. Anales de la Facultad de Medecina 2010;71(3):161-165.
  • Romaguera, C., Alomar, A., Camarasa, J. M., Garcia, Bravo B., Garcia, Perez A., Grimalt, F., Guerra, P., Lopez, Gorretcher B., Pascual, A. M., Miranda, A., and . Contact dermatitis in children. Contact Dermatitis 1985;12(5):283-284.
  • Rondanelli M, Opizzi A, Perna S, Faliva M, Solerte SB, Fioravanti M, Klersy C, Edda C, Maddalena P, Luciano S, Paola C, Emanuela C, Claudia S, Donini LM. Acute effect on satiety, resting energy expenditure, respiratory quotient, glucagon-like peptide-1, free fatty acids, and glycerol following consumption of a combination of bioactive food ingredients in overweight subjects. J Am Coll Nutr. 2013;32(1):41-9.
  • Rondanelli M, Opizzi A, Perna S, Faliva M, Solerte SB, Fioravanti M, Klersy C, Edda C, Maddalena P, Luciano S, Paola C, Emanuela C, Claudia S, Donini LM. Acute effect on satiety, resting energy expenditure, respiratory quotient, glucagon-like peptide-1, free fatty acids, and glycerol following consumption of a combination of bioactive food ingredients in overweight subjects. J Am Coll Nutr. 2013;32(1):41-9.
  • Rose, J. E. and Behm, F. M. Inhalation of vapor from black pepper extract reduces smoking withdrawal symptoms. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1994;34(3):225-229.
  • Rose, J. E. and Behm, F. M. Inhalation of vapor from black pepper extract reduces smoking withdrawal symptoms. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1994;34(3):225-229.
  • Ruepert, L., Quartero, A. O., de Wit, N. J., van der Heijden, G. J., Rubin, G., and Muris, J. W. Bulking agents, antispasmodics and antidepressants for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;(8):CD003460.
  • S PK, Aafaque S, S S, N N. Effect of aromatherapy on dental anxiety among orthodontic patients: A randomized controlled trial. Cureus. 2019;11(8):e5306.
  • Sa, C. M., Ramos, A. A., Azevedo, M. F., Lima, C. F., Fernandes-Ferreira, M., and Pereira-Wilson, C. Sage tea drinking improves lipid profile and antioxidant defences in humans. Int J Mol.Sci. 2009;10(9):3937-3950.
  • Saeed, S. A. and Gilani, A. H. Antithrombotic activity of clove oil. J Pak Med Assoc 1994;44(5):112-115.
  • Saeki Y. The effect of foot-bath with or without the essential oil of lavender on the autonomic nervous system: a randomized trial. Complement Ther Med 2000;8(1):2-7.
  • Saeki, Y., Ito, Y., Shibata, M., Sato, Y., Okuda, K., and Takazoe, I. Antimicrobial action of natural substances on oral bacteria. Bull.Tokyo Dent Coll. 1989;30(3):129-135.
  • Safajou F, Soltani N, Taghizadeh M, Amouzeshi Z, Sandrous M. The effect of combined inhalation aromatherapy with lemon and peppermint on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2020;25(5):401-406.
  • Sakamoto, R., Minoura, K., Usui, A., Ishizuka, Y., and Kanba, S. Effectiveness of aroma on work efficiency: lavender aroma during recesses prevents deterioration of work performance. Chem Senses 2005;30(8):683-691.
  • Sakamoto, Y., Ebihara, S., Ebihara, T., Tomita, N., Toba, K., Freeman, S., Arai, H., and Kohzuki, M. Fall prevention using olfactory stimulation with lavender odor in elderly nursing home residents: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr.Soc 2012;60(6):1005-1011.
  • Salehi-Pourmehr H, Ostadrahimi A, Ebrahimpour-Mirzarezaei M, Farshbaf-Khalili A. Does aromatherapy with lavender affect physical and psychological symptoms of menopausal women? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2020;39:101150.
  • Saller R, Buechi S, Meyrat R, Schmidhauser C. Combined herbal preparation for topical treatment of Herpes labialis. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd 2001;8:373-82.
  • Saltzman, B., Sigal, M., Clokie, C., Rukavina, J., Titley, K., and Kulkarni, G. V. Assessment of a novel alternative to conventional formocresol-zinc oxide eugenol pulpotomy for the treatment of pulpally involved human primary teeth: diode laser-mineral trioxide aggregate pulpotomy. Int J Paediatr.Dent. 2005;15(6):437-447.
  • Samarth, R. M. and Kumar, A. Mentha piperita (Linn.) leaf extract provides protection against radiation induced chromosomal damage in bone marrow of mice. Indian J Exp Biol. 2003;41(3):229-237.
  • Samarth, R. M. and Kumar, A. Radioprotection of Swiss albino mice by plant extract Mentha piperita (Linn.). J Radiat.Res (Tokyo) 2003;44(2):101-109.
  • Samarth, R. M. and Samarth, M. Protection against radiation-induced testicular damage in Swiss albino mice by Mentha piperita (Linn.). Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2009;104(4):329-334.
  • Samarth, R. M. Protection against radiation induced hematopoietic damage in bone marrow of Swiss albino mice by Mentha piperita (Linn). J Radiat.Res (Tokyo) 2007;48(6):523-528.
  • Samarth, R. M., Goyal, P. K., and Kumar, A. Modulation of serum phosphatases activity in Swiss albino mice against gamma irradiation by Mentha piperita Linn. Phytother.Res 2002;16(6):586-589.
  • Samarth, R. M., Goyal, P. K., and Kumar, A. Modulatory effect of Mentha piperita (Linn.) on serum phosphatases activity in Swiss albino mice against gamma irradiation. Indian J Exp Biol. 2001;39(5):479-482.
  • Samarth, R. M., Goyal, P. K., and Kumar, A. Protection of swiss albino mice against whole-body gamma irradiation by Mentha piperita (Linn.). Phytother.Res 2004;18(7):546-550.
  • Samarth, R. M., Panwar, M., Kumar, M., and Kumar, A. Radioprotective influence of Mentha piperita (Linn) against gamma irradiation in mice: Antioxidant and radical scavenging activity. Int J Radiat.Biol. 2006;82(5):331-337. [RETRACTED].
  • Samarth, R. M., Saini, M. R., Maharwal, J., Dhaka, A., and Kumar, A. Mentha piperita (Linn) leaf extract provides protection against radiation induced alterations in intestinal mucosa of Swiss albino mice. Indian J Exp Biol. 2002;40(11):1245-1249.
  • Sanchez-Perez, J. and Garcia-Diez, A. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from eugenol, oil of cinnamon and oil of cloves in a physiotherapist. Contact Dermatitis 1999;41(6):346-347.
  • Sandasi, M., Leonard, C. M., and Viljoen, A. M. The in vitro antibiofilm activity of selected culinary herbs and medicinal plants against Listeria monocytogenes. Lett.Appl.Microbiol. 2010;50(1):30-35.
  • Santini F, Vitti P, Ceccarini G, et al. In vitro assay of thyroid disruptors affecting TSH-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. J Endocrinol Invest. 2003 Oct;26:950-5.
  • Santos-Gomes, P. C. and Fernandes-Ferreira, M. Organ- and season-dependent variation in the essential oil composition of Salvia officinalis L. cultivated at two different sites. J Agric.Food Chem. 2001;49(6):2908-2916.
  • Saraswat, M., Muthenna, P., Suryanarayana, P., Petrash, J. M., and Reddy, G. B. Dietary sources of aldose reductase inhibitors: prospects for alleviating diabetic complications. Asia Pac.J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(4):558-565.
  • Saraswat, M., Muthenna, P., Suryanarayana, P., Petrash, J. M., and Reddy, G. B. Dietary sources of aldose reductase inhibitors: prospects for alleviating diabetic complications. Asia Pac.J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(4):558-565.
  • Saraswat, M., Reddy, P. Y., Muthenna, P., and Reddy, G. B. Prevention of non-enzymic glycation of proteins by dietary agents: prospects for alleviating diabetic complications. Br.J Nutr. 2009;101(11):1714-1721.
  • Saraswat, M., Reddy, P. Y., Muthenna, P., and Reddy, G. B. Prevention of non-enzymic glycation of proteins by dietary agents: prospects for alleviating diabetic complications. Br.J Nutr. 2009;101(11):1714-1721.
  • Sarrami, N., Pemberton, M. N., Thornhill, M. H., and Theaker, E. D. Adverse reactions associated with the use of eugenol in dentistry. Br.Dent.J 9-14-2002;193(5):257-259.
  • Sarrell, E. M., Cohen, H. A., and Kahan, E. Naturopathic treatment for ear pain in children. Pediatrics 2003;111(5 Pt 1):e574-e579.
  • Sasannejad P, Saeedi M, Shoeibi A, et al. Lavender essential oil in the treatment of migraine headache: a placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur Neurol 2012;67(5):288-91.
  • Savelev, S. U., Okello, E. J., and Perry, E. K. Butyryl- and acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitory activities in essential oils of Salvia species and their constituents. Phytother Res 2004;18(4):315-324.
  • Savelev, S., Okello, E., Perry, N. S. L., Wilkins, R. M., and Perry, E. K. Synergistic and antagonistic interactions of anticholinesterase terpenoids in Salvia lavandulaefolia essential oil. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003;75(3):661-668.
  • Savino F, Cresi F, Castagno E, et al. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of a standardized extract of Matricariae recutita, Foeniculum vulgare and Melissa officinalis (ColiMil) in the treatment of breastfed colicky infants. Phytother Res 2005;19:335-40.
  • Saxena, R., Venkaiah, K., Anitha, P., Venu, L., and Raghunath, M. Antioxidant activity of commonly consumed plant foods of India: contribution of their phenolic content. Int.J Food Sci Nutr. 2007;58(4):250-260.
  • Saxena, R., Venkaiah, K., Anitha, P., Venu, L., and Raghunath, M. Antioxidant activity of commonly consumed plant foods of India: contribution of their phenolic content. Int.J Food Sci Nutr. 2007;58(4):250-260.
  • Sayorwan, W., Siripornpanich, V., Piriyapunyaporn, T., Hongratanaworakit, T., Kotchabhakdi, N., and Ruangrungsi, N. The effects of lavender oil inhalation on emotional states, autonomic nervous system, and brain electrical activity. J Med Assoc Thai. 2012;95(4):598-606.
  • Sayyah, M., Melli, M., Rashidi, M. R., Delazar, A., Madarek, E., Kargar Maher, M. H., Ghasemzadeh, A., Sadaghat, K., and Tahmasebi, Z. Effect of peppermint water on prevention of nipple cracks in lactating primiparous women: a randomized controlled trial. Int Breastfeed J 2007;2:7.
  • Scarparo, R. K., Grecca, F. S., and Fachin, E. V. Analysis of tissue reactions to methacrylate resin-based, epoxy resin-based, and zinc oxide-eugenol endodontic sealers. J Endod. 2009;35(2):229-232.
  • Schafer, R. and Schafer, W. Percutaneous absorption of various terpenes – menthol, camphene, limonene, isoborneol-acetate and alpha-pinene from foam baths. Arzneim Forsch 1982;32(1):56-58.
  • Schapowal A, Berger D, Klein P, et al. Echinacea/sage or chlorhexidine/lidocaine for treating acute sore throats: a randomized double-blind trial. Eur.J Med Res 9-1-2009;14:406-12.
  • Schattner, P. and Randerson, D. Tiger Balm as a treatment of tension headache. A clinical trial in general practice. Aust.Fam.Physician 1996;25(2):216, 218, 220.
  • Schmidt, E., Bail, S., Buchbauer, G., Stoilova, I., Atanasova, T., Stoyanova, A., Krastanov, A., and Jirovetz, L. Chemical composition, olfactory evaluation and antioxidant effects of essential oil from Mentha x piperita. Nat Prod Commun. 2009;4(8):1107-1112.
  • Schmidt, U, Krieger, W, Frerick, H, and Schenk, N. Psychosomatische und psychische Störungen / Baldrian und Melisse statt synthetischer Psychopharmaka. 1992;14:15-19.
  • Schmidt, U, Krieger, W, Frerick, H, and Schenk, N. Psychosomatische und psychische Störungen / Baldrian und Melisse statt synthetischer Psychopharmaka. 1992;14:15-19.
  • Schneider MM and Otten MH. Efficacy of colpermin in the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (abstract). Gastroenterology 1990;98(5):A389.
  • Schnitzler, P., Nolkemper, S., Stintzing, F. C., and Reichling, J. Comparative in vitro study on the anti-herpetic effect of phytochemically characterized aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Salvia officinalis grown at two different locations. Phytomedicine. 2008;15(1-2):62-70.
  • Scholey A, et al. Anti-stress effects of lemon balm-containing foods. Nutrients. 3014;6(11):4805-4821. doi: 10.3390/nu6114805.
  • Scholey, A. B., Tildesley, N. T., Ballard, C. G., Wesnes, K. A., Tasker, A., Perry, E. K., and Kennedy, D. O. An extract of Salvia (sage) with anticholinesterase properties improves memory and attention in healthy older volunteers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2008;198(1):127-139.
  • Scott, I. M., Gagnon, N., Lesage, L., Philogene, B. J., and Arnason, J. T. Efficacy of botanical insecticides from Piper species (Piperaceae) extracts for control of Ruropean chafer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). J Econ.Entomol. 2005;98(3):845-855.
  • Scott, I. M., Gagnon, N., Lesage, L., Philogene, B. J., and Arnason, J. T. Efficacy of botanical insecticides from Piper species (Piperaceae) extracts for control of Ruropean chafer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). J Econ.Entomol. 2005;98(3):845-855.
  • Segura, J. J. and Jimenez-Rubio, A. Effect of eugenol on macrophage adhesion in vitro to plastic surfaces. Endod.Dent.Traumatol. 1998;14(2):72-74.
  • Seiiedi-Biarag L, Mirghafourvand M. The effect of lavender on mothers sleep quality in the postpartum period: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Complement Integr Med 2022.
  • Selvendiran, K., Banu, S. M., and Sakthisekaran, D. Oral supplementation of piperine leads to altered phase II enzymes and reduced DNA damage and DNA-protein cross links in Benzo(a)pyrene induced experimental lung carcinogenesis. Mol.Cell Biochem. 2005;268(1-2):141-147.
  • Selvendiran, K., Banu, S. M., and Sakthisekaran, D. Protective effect of piperine on benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. Clin Chim.Acta 2004;350(1-2):73-78.
  • Selvendiran, K., Banu, S. M., and Sakthisekaran, D. Oral supplementation of piperine leads to altered phase II enzymes and reduced DNA damage and DNA-protein cross links in Benzo(a)pyrene induced experimental lung carcinogenesis. Mol.Cell Biochem. 2005;268(1-2):141-147.
  • Selvendiran, K., Banu, S. M., and Sakthisekaran, D. Protective effect of piperine on benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. Clin Chim.Acta 2004;350(1-2):73-78.
  • Selvendiran, K., Thirunavukkarasu, C., Singh, J. P., Padmavathi, R., and Sakthisekaran, D. Chemopreventive effect of piperine on mitochondrial TCA cycle and phase-I and glutathione-metabolizing enzymes in benzo(a)pyrene induced lung carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. Mol.Cell Biochem. 2005;271(1-2):101-106.
  • Selvendiran, K., Thirunavukkarasu, C., Singh, J. P., Padmavathi, R., and Sakthisekaran, D. Chemopreventive effect of piperine on mitochondrial TCA cycle and phase-I and glutathione-metabolizing enzymes in benzo(a)pyrene induced lung carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. Mol.Cell Biochem. 2005;271(1-2):101-106.
  • Sentürk A, Tekinsoy Kartin P. The effect of lavender oil application via inhalation pathway on hemodialysis patients’ anxiety level and sleep quality. Holist Nurs Pract 2018;32(6):324-35. doi: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000292.
  • Sertoli, A., Fabbri, P., Campolmi, P., and Panconesi, E. Allergic contact dermatitis to Salvia Officinalis, Inula Viscosa and Conyza Bonariensis. Contact Dermatitis 1978;4(5):314-315.
  • Sgoutas-Emch, S. Fox T. Preston M. Brooks C. Serber E. Stress management: aromatherapy as an alternative. Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine 2001;5(2):90-95.
  • Shafiee A, Hoormand M, Shahidi-Dadras M, Abadi A. The effect of topical piperine combined with narrowband UVB on vitiligo treatment: A clinical trial study. Phytother Res. 2018;32(9):1812-1817.
  • Shafiee A, Hoormand M, Shahidi-Dadras M, Abadi A. The effect of topical piperine combined with narrowband UVB on vitiligo treatment: A clinical trial study. Phytother Res. 2018;32(9):1812-1817.
  • Shammas RL, Marks CE, Broadwater G, et al. The effect of lavender oil on perioperative pain, anxiety, depression, and sleep after microvascular breast reconstruction: A prospective, single-blinded, randomized, controlled trial. J Reconstr Microsurg 2021;37(6):530-540.
  • Shanazi M, Farshbaf Khalili A, Kamalifard M, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Masoudin K, Esmaeli F. Comparison of the Effects of Lanolin, Peppermint, and Dexpanthenol Creams on Treatment of Traumatic Nipples in Breastfeeding Mothers. J Caring Sci 2015;4(4):297-307.
  • Shapiro, S., Meier, A., and Guggenheim, B. The antimicrobial activity of essential oils and essential oil components towards oral bacteria. Oral Microbiol.Immunol. 1994;9(4):202-208.
  • Sharma, A., Sharma, M. K., and Kumar, M. Protective effect of Mentha piperita against arsenic-induced toxicity in liver of Swiss albino mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007;100(4):249-257.
  • Sharma, P., Varma, M. V., Chawla, H. P., and Panchagnula, R. In situ and in vivo efficacy of peroral absorption enhancers in rats and correlation to in vitro mechanistic studies. Farmaco 2005;60(11-12):874-883.
  • Sharma, P., Varma, M. V., Chawla, H. P., and Panchagnula, R. In situ and in vivo efficacy of peroral absorption enhancers in rats and correlation to in vitro mechanistic studies. Farmaco 2005;60(11-12):874-883.
  • Shaw, G., Srivastava, E. D., Sadlier, M., Swann, P., James, J. Y., and Rhodes, J. Stress management for irritable bowel syndrome: a controlled trial. Digestion 1991;50(1):36-42.
  • Sheahan K, Page DV, Kemper T, Suarez R. Childhood sudden death secondary to accidental aspiration of black pepper. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1988;9:51-3.
  • Sheahan K, Page DV, Kemper T, Suarez R. Childhood sudden death secondary to accidental aspiration of black pepper. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1988;9:51-3.
  • Sheikhan, F., Jahdi, F., Khoei, E. M., Shamsalizadeh, N., Sheikhan, M., and Haghani, H. Episiotomy pain relief: Use of Lavender oil essence in primiparous Iranian women. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2012;18(1):66-70.
  • Shekarriz Z, Shorofi SA, Nabati M, Shabankhani B, Yousefi SS. Effect of Melissa officinalis on systolic and diastolic blood pressures in essential hypertension: A double-blind crossover clinical trial. Phytother Res 2021;35(12):6883-6892.
  • Shenoy, N. R. and Choughuley, A. S. Characterization of potentially mutagenic products from the nitrosation of piperine. Cancer Lett. 7-10-1992;64(3):235-239.
  • Shenoy, N. R. and Choughuley, A. S. Characterization of potentially mutagenic products from the nitrosation of piperine. Cancer Lett. 7-10-1992;64(3):235-239.
  • Shimada, K., Fukuda, S., Maeda, K., Kawasaki, T., Kono, Y., Jissho, S., Taguchi, H., Yoshiyama, M., and Yoshikawa, J. Aromatherapy alleviates endothelial dysfunction of medical staff after night-shift work: preliminary observations. Hypertens.Res 2011;34(2):264-267.
  • Shin BC, Lee MS. Effects of aromatherapy acupressure on hemiplegic shoulder pain and motor power in stroke patients: a pilot study. J Altern Complement Med 2007;13(2):247-51.
  • Shirazi M, Jalalian MN, Abed M, Ghaemi M. The Effectiveness of Melissa Officinalis L. versus Citalopram on Quality of Life of Menopausal Women with Sleep Disorder: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2021;43(2):126-130.
  • Siddiqui, B. S., Gulzar, T., Mahmood, A., Begum, S., Khan, B., and Afshan, F. New insecticidal amides from petroleum ether extract of dried Piper nigrum L. whole fruits. Chem.Pharm.Bull (Tokyo) 2004;52(11):1349-1352.
  • Siddiqui, B. S., Gulzar, T., Mahmood, A., Begum, S., Khan, B., and Afshan, F. New insecticidal amides from petroleum ether extract of dried Piper nigrum L. whole fruits. Chem.Pharm.Bull (Tokyo) 2004;52(11):1349-1352.
  • Sifton D, ed. The PDR family guide to natural medicines & healing therapies. New York, NY:Three Rivers Press, 1999.
  • Simas, N. K., Lima, Eda C., Kuster, R. M., Lage, C. L., and Oliveira Filho, A. M. Potential use of Piper nigrum ethanol extract against pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti larvae. Rev.Soc.Bras.Med Trop. 2007;40(4):405-407.
  • Simas, N. K., Lima, Eda C., Kuster, R. M., Lage, C. L., and Oliveira Filho, A. M. Potential use of Piper nigrum ethanol extract against pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti larvae. Rev.Soc.Bras.Med Trop. 2007;40(4):405-407.
  • Singh A, Rao AR. Evaluation of the modulatory influence of black pepper (Piper nigrum, L.) on the hepatic detoxication system. Cancer Lett 1993;72:5-9.
  • Singh A, Rao AR. Evaluation of the modulatory influence of black pepper (Piper nigrum, L.) on the hepatic detoxication system. Cancer Lett 1993;72:5-9.
  • Singh, J., Reen, R. K., and Wiebel, F. J. Piperine, a major ingredient of black and long peppers, protects against AFB1-induced cytotoxicity and micronuclei formation in H4IIEC3 rat hepatoma cells. Cancer Lett. 11-11-1994;86(2):195-200.
  • Singh, J., Reen, R. K., and Wiebel, F. J. Piperine, a major ingredient of black and long peppers, protects against AFB1-induced cytotoxicity and micronuclei formation in H4IIEC3 rat hepatoma cells. Cancer Lett. 11-11-1994;86(2):195-200.
  • Singh, U. P., Singh, D. P., Maurya, S., Maheshwari, R., Singh, M., Dubey, R. S., and Singh, R. B. Investigation on the phenolics of some spices having pharmacotherapeuthic properties. J Herb.Pharmacother. 2004;4(4):27-42.
  • Sites DS, Johnson NT, Miller JA, Torbush PH, Hardin JS, Knowles SS, Nance J, Fox TH, Tart RC. Controlled breathing with or without peppermint aromatherapy for postoperative nausea and/or vomiting symptom relief: a randomized controlled trial. J Perianesth Nurs. 2014 Feb;29(1):12-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2013.09.008.
  • Skrebova, N., Brocks, K., and Karlsmark, T. Allergic contact cheilitis from spearmint oil. Contact Dermatitis 1998;39(1):35.
  • Smith DS, Helzner EC, Nuttall CE Jr, et al. Failure of zinc gluconate in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:646-8.
  • Smith-Palmer, A., Stewart, J., and Fyfe, L. Antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils and essences against five important food-borne pathogens. Lett Appl Microbiol. 1998;26(2):118-122.
  • Snow LA, Hovanec L, Brandt J. A controlled trial of aromatherapy for agitation in nursing home patients with dementia. J Altern Complement Med 2004;10(3):431-7.
  • Soden K, Vincent K, Craske S, et al. A randomized controlled trial of aromatherapy massage in a hospice setting. Palliat Med 2004;18(2):87-92.
  • Soetiarto, F. The relationship between habitual clove cigarette smoking and a specific pattern of dental decay in male bus drivers in Jakarta, Indonesia. Caries Res 1999;33(3):248-250.
  • Soh, N. L. and Walter, G. Complementary medicine for psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Curr.Opin.Psychiatry 2008;21(4):350-355.
  • Sokovic, M. D., Vukojevic, J., Marin, P. D., Brkic, D. D., Vajs, V., and van Griensven, L. J. Chemical composition of essential oils of Thymus and Mentha species and their antifungal activities. Molecules. 2009;14(1):238-249.
  • Solberg E. The effects of powdered fertilized eggs on depression. J Med Food. 2011 Jul-Aug;14:870-5.
  • Soliman, K. M. and Badeaa, R. I. Effect of oil extracted from some medicinal plants on different mycotoxigenic fungi. Food Chem.Toxicol 2002;40(11):1669-1675.
  • Soltani R, Soheilipour S, Hajhashemi V, Asghari G, Bagheri M, Molavi M. Evaluation of the effect of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on post-tonsillectomy pain in pediatric patients: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Sep;77(9):1579-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.07.014.
  • Song, Q. F., Qu, Y. C., Zheng, H. B., Zhang, G. H., Lin, H. G., and Yang, J. L. [Differentiation of erythroleukemia K562 cells induced by piperine]. Ai.Zheng. 2008;27(6):571-574.
  • Song, Q. F., Qu, Y. C., Zheng, H. B., Zhang, G. H., Lin, H. G., and Yang, J. L. [Differentiation of erythroleukemia K562 cells induced by piperine]. Ai.Zheng. 2008;27(6):571-574.
  • Sosto, F. and Benvenuti, C. Controlled study on thymol + eugenol vaginal douche versus econazole in vaginal candidiasis and metronidazole in bacterial vaginosis. Arzneimittelforschung. 2011;61(2):126-131.
  • Soulimani R, Fleurentin J, Mortier F, et al. Neurotropic action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis in the mouse. Planta Med. 1991 Apr;57:105-9.
  • Sourgens H, Winterhoff H, Gumbinger HG, et al. Antihormonal effects of plant extracts. TSH- and prolactin-suppressing properties of Lithospermum officinale and other plants. Planta Med. 1982 Jun;45:78-86.
  • Spirling, L. I. and Daniels, I. R. Botanical perspectives on health peppermint: more than just an after-dinner mint. J R.Soc.Promot.Health 2001;121(1):62-63.
  • Srivastava, K. C. and Malhotra, N. Acetyl eugenol, a component of oil of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum L.) inhibits aggregation and alters arachidonic acid metabolism in human blood platelets. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 1991;42(1):73-81.
  • Srivastava, K. C. Antiplatelet principles from a food spice clove (Syzygium aromaticum L) [corrected]. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 1993;48(5):363-372.
  • Sroka, Z., Fecka, I., and Cisowski, W. Antiradical and anti-H2O2 properties of polyphenolic compounds from an aqueous peppermint extract. Z Naturforsch.C. 2005;60(11-12):826-832.
  • St-Onge MP, Jones PJ. Physiological effects of medium-chain triglycerides: potential agents in the prevention of obesity. J Nutr 2002;132:329-32.
  • Stanojevic, D., Èomic´, L., Stefanovic´, O., and Sukdolak, S. S. In vitro synergistic antibacterial activity of Melissa officinalis L. and some preservatives. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2010;8(1):109-115.
  • Sterer, N., Nuas, S., Mizrahi, B., Goldenberg, C., Weiss, E. I., Domb, A., and Davidi, M. P. Oral malodor reduction by a palatal mucoadhesive tablet containing herbal formulation. J Dent. 2008;36(7):535-539.
  • Stojanovic NM, Randjelovic PJ, Mladenovic MZ, et al. Toxic essential oils, part VI: Acute oral toxicity of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) essential oil in BALB/c mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019;133:110794.
  • Stojicevic, M., Dordevic, O., Kostic, L., Madanovic, N., and Karanovic, D. [Action of clove oil, eugenol, and zinc-oxide eugenol paste on the dental pulp within “in vitro” conditions]. Stomatol.Glas.Srb. 1980;27(2):85-89.
  • Storr M, Sibaev A, Weiser D, et al. Herbal extracts modulate the amplitude and frequency of slow waves in circular smooth muscle of mouse small intestine. Digestion 2004;70:257-64.
  • Stringer, J. and Donald, G. Aromasticks in cancer care: an innovation not to be sniffed at. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2011;17(2):116-121.
  • Suares, N. C. and Ford, A. C. Diagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Discov.Med. 2011;11(60):425-433.
  • Subehan, Usia, T., Iwata, H., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. Mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 by Indonesian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 5-24-2006;105(3):449-455.
  • Subehan, Usia, T., Iwata, H., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. Mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 by Indonesian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 5-24-2006;105(3):449-455.
  • Subehan, Usia, T., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. Mechanism-based inhibition of human liver microsomal cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) by alkamides of Piper nigrum. Planta Med 2006;72(6):527-532.
  • Subehan, Usia, T., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. Mechanism-based inhibition of human liver microsomal cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) by alkamides of Piper nigrum. Planta Med 2006;72(6):527-532.
  • Sullivan, T. E., Warm, J. S., Schefft, B. K., Dember, W. N., O’Dell, M. W., and Peterson, S. J. Effects of olfactory stimulation on the vigilance performance of individuals with brain injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1998;20(2):227-236.
  • Taguchi, Y., Takizawa, T., Ishibashi, H., Sagawa, T., Arai, R., Inoue, S., Yamaguchi, H., and Abe, S. Therapeutic effects on murine oral candidiasis by oral administration of cassia (Cinnamomum cassia) preparation. Nihon Ishinkin.Gakkai Zasshi 2010;51(1):13-21.
  • Taheri, J. B., Azimi, S., Rafieian, N., and Zanjani, H. A. Herbs in dentistry. Int Dent.J 2011;61(6):287-296.
  • Tan, C. C., Wong, K. S., Thirumoorthy, T., Lee, E., and Woo, K-T. A randomized, crossover trial of Sarna and Eurax lotions in treatment of haemodialysis patients with uraemic pruritus. J Dermatol Treat 1990;1(5):235-238.
  • Tantaoui-Elaraki, A. and Beraoud, L. Inhibition of growth and aflatoxin production in Aspergillus parasiticus by essential oils of selected plant materials. J Environ.Pathol.Toxicol Oncol. 1994;13(1):67-72.
  • Tantaoui-Elaraki, A. and Beraoud, L. Inhibition of growth and aflatoxin production in Aspergillus parasiticus by essential oils of selected plant materials. J Environ.Pathol.Toxicol Oncol. 1994;13(1):67-72.
  • Taqvi, SI, Shah, AJ, and Gilani, AH. Insight into the possible mechanism of antidiarrheal and antispasmodic activities of piperine. Pharmaceutical Biology (Netherlands) 2009;47(660):664.
  • Taqvi, SI, Shah, AJ, and Gilani, AH. Insight into the possible mechanism of antidiarrheal and antispasmodic activities of piperine. Pharmaceutical Biology (Netherlands) 2009;47(660):664.
  • Thavara, U., Tawatsin, A., Bhakdeenuan, P., Wongsinkongman, P., Boonruad, T., Bansiddhi, J., Chavalittumrong, P., Komalamisra, N., Siriyasatien, P., and Mulla, M. S. Repellent activity of essential oils against cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattidae, Blattellidae, and Blaberidae) in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop.Med.Public Health 2007;38(4):663-673.
  • Thavara, U., Tawatsin, A., Bhakdeenuan, P., Wongsinkongman, P., Boonruad, T., Bansiddhi, J., Chavalittumrong, P., Komalamisra, N., Siriyasatien, P., and Mulla, M. S. Repellent activity of essential oils against cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattidae, Blattellidae, and Blaberidae) in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop.Med.Public Health 2007;38(4):663-673.
  • Thomas AB, Choudhary DC, Raje A, Nagrik SS. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic herb-drug interaction of piperine with atorvastatin in rats. J Chromatogr Sci 2021;59(4):371-80.
  • Thomas AB, Choudhary DC, Raje A, Nagrik SS. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic herb-drug interaction of piperine with atorvastatin in rats. J Chromatogr Sci 2021;59(4):371-80.
  • Thompson A, Meah D, Ahmed N, et al. Comparison of the antibacterial activity of essential oils and extracts of medicinal and culinary herbs to investigate potential new treatments for irritable bowel syndrome. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013;13:338.
  • Thompson, Coon J. and Ernst, E. Systematic review: herbal medicinal products for non-ulcer dyspepsia. Aliment.Pharmacol Ther 2002;16(10):1689-1699.
  • Tildesley NT, Kennedy DO, Perry EK, et al. Salvia lavandulaefolia (Spanish Sage) enhances memory in healthy young volunteers. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003;75:669-74.
  • Tildesley, N. T., Kennedy, D. O., Perry, E. K., Ballard, C. G., Wesnes, K. A., and Scholey, A. B. Positive modulation of mood and cognitive performance following administration of acute doses of Salvia lavandulaefolia essential oil to healthy young volunteers. Physiol Behav. 1-17-2005;83(5):699-709.
  • Toda, M. and Morimoto, K. Effect of lavender aroma on salivary endocrinological stress markers. Arch.Oral Biol. 2008;53(10):964-968.
  • Todorov S, Philianos S, Petkov V, et al. Experimental pharmacological study of three species from genus Salvia. Acta Physiol Pharmacol (Bulg) 1984;10:13-20.
  • Tomson, N., Murdoch, S., and Finch, T. M. The dangers of making mint sauce. Contact Dermatitis 2004;51(2):92-93.
  • Topal, U., Sasaki, M., Goto, M., and Otles, S. Chemical compositions and antioxidant properties of essential oils from nine species of Turkish plants obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and steam distillation. Int.J.Food Sci.Nutr. 2008;59(7-8):619-634.
  • Topal, U., Sasaki, M., Goto, M., and Otles, S. Chemical compositions and antioxidant properties of essential oils from nine species of Turkish plants obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and steam distillation. Int.J.Food Sci.Nutr. 2008;59(7-8):619-634.
  • Torney, L. K., Johnson, A. J., and Miles, C. Chewing gum and impasse-induced self-reported stress. Appetite 2009;53(3):414-417.
  • Triantaphyllou, K., Blekas, G., and Boskou, D. Antioxidative properties of water extracts obtained from herbs of the species Lamiaceae. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2001;52(4):313-317.
  • Trinkley, K. E. and Nahata, M. C. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. J.Clin.Pharm.Ther. 2011;36(3):275-282.
  • Trongtokit, Y., Rongsriyam, Y., Komalamisra, N., and Apiwathnasorn, C. Comparative repellency of 38 essential oils against mosquito bites. Phytother Res 2005;19(4):303-309.
  • Trongtokit, Y., Rongsriyam, Y., Komalamisra, N., Krisadaphong, P., and Apiwathnasorn, C. Laboratory and field trial of developing medicinal local Thai plant products against four species of mosquito vectors. Southeast Asian J Trop.Med Public Health 2004;35(2):325-333.
  • Tucha, O., Mecklinger, L., Maier, K., Hammerl, M., and Lange, K. W. Chewing gum differentially affects aspects of attention in healthy subjects. Appetite 2004;42(3):327-329.
  • Tugut N, Demirel G, Baser M, Ata EE, Karakus S. Effects of lavender scent on patients’ anxiety and pain levels during gynecological examination. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2017 Aug;28:65-9.
  • Uehleke, B., Schaper, S., Dienel, A., Schlaefke, S., and Stange, R. Phase II trial on the effects of Silexan in patients with neurasthenia, post-traumatic stress disorder or somatization disorder. Phytomedicine. 6-15-2012;19(8-9):665-671.
  • Umezu, T. and Morita, M. Evidence for the involvement of dopamine in ambulation promoted by menthol in mice. J Pharmacol Sci. 2003;91(2):125-135.
  • Umezu, T. Evidence for dopamine involvement in ambulation promoted by menthone in mice. Pharmacol Biochem.Behav. 2009;91(3):315-320.
  • Umezu, T. Evidence for dopamine involvement in ambulation promoted by pulegone in mice. Pharmacol Biochem.Behav. 2010;94(4):497-502.
  • Unger M, Frank A. Simultaneous determination of the inhibitory potency of herbal extracts on the activity of six major cytochrome P450 enzymes using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and automated online extraction. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2004;18:2273-81.
  • Unnikrishnan, M. C. and Kuttan, R. Tumour reducing and anticarcinogenic activity of selected spices. Cancer Lett. 5-15-1990;51(1):85-89.
  • Unnikrishnan, M. C. and Kuttan, R. Tumour reducing and anticarcinogenic activity of selected spices. Cancer Lett. 5-15-1990;51(1):85-89.
  • Usia, T., Iwata, H., Hiratsuka, A., Watabe, T., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitory activities of Indonesian medicinal plants. Phytomedicine. 2006;13(1-2):67-73.
  • Usia, T., Iwata, H., Hiratsuka, A., Watabe, T., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitory activities of Indonesian medicinal plants. Phytomedicine. 2006;13(1-2):67-73.
  • Usta C, Tanyeri-Bayraktar B, Bayraktar S. Pain control with lavender oil in premature infants: a double-blind randomized controlled study. J Altern Complement Med. 2020.
  • Vakilian, K., Atarha, M., Bekhradi, R., and Chaman, R. Healing advantages of lavender essential oil during episiotomy recovery: a clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2011;17(1):50-53.
  • Vandecasteele K, Ost P, Oosterlinck W, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Salvia officinalis in controlling hot flashes in prostate cancer patients treated with androgen deprivation. Phytother Res. 2012;26(2):208-13.
  • Varaei S, Jalalian Z, Yekani Nejad MS, Shamsizadeh M. Comparison the effects of inhalation and massage aromatherapy with lavender and sweet orange on fatigue in hemodialysis patients: a randomized clinical trial. J Complement Integr Med. 2020.
  • Varma S, Blackford S, Statham BN, Blackwell A. Combined contact allergy to tea tree oil and lavender oil complicating chronic vulvovaginitis. Contact Dermatitis 2000;42:309-10.
  • Vasudevan, K., Vembar, S., Veeraraghavan, K., and Haranath, P. S. Influence of intragastric perfusion of aqueous spice extracts on acid secretion in anesthetized albino rats. Indian J.Gastroenterol. 2000;19(2):53-56.
  • Vasudevan, K., Vembar, S., Veeraraghavan, K., and Haranath, P. S. Influence of intragastric perfusion of aqueous spice extracts on acid secretion in anesthetized albino rats. Indian J.Gastroenterol. 2000;19(2):53-56.
  • Vaziri F, Khosropoor M, Hidari M, Pourahmad S, Morshed Behbahani B, Saki F. The effect of aromatherapy by lavender oil on infant vaccination pain: a double blind randomized controlled trial. J Caring Sci. 2019;8(1):17-21.
  • Vaziri F, Shiravani M, Najib FS, Pourahmad S, Salehi A, Yazdanpanahi Z. Effect of lavender oil aroma in the early hours of postpartum period on maternal pains, fatigue, and mood: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Prev Med. 2017 May 4;8:29.
  • Veerareddy, P. R., Vobalaboina, V., and Nahid, A. Formulation and evaluation of oil-in-water emulsions of piperine in visceral leishmaniasis. Pharmazie 2004;59(3):194-197.
  • Veerareddy, P. R., Vobalaboina, V., and Nahid, A. Formulation and evaluation of oil-in-water emulsions of piperine in visceral leishmaniasis. Pharmazie 2004;59(3):194-197.
  • Veiskaramian A, Gholami M, Yarahmadi S, Amanolahi Baharvand P, Birjandi M. Effect of aromatherapy with Melissa essential oil on stress and hemodynamic parameters in acute coronary syndrome patients: A clinical trial in the emergency department. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021;44:101436.
  • Vejdani R, Shalmani HR, Mir-Fattahi M, et al. The efficacy of an herbal medicine, Carmint, on the relief of abdominal pain and bloating in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a pilot study. Dig Dis Sci. 2006 Aug;51:1501-7.
  • Vejdani R, Shalmani HR, Mir-Fattahi M, et al. The efficacy of an herbal medicine, Carmint, on the relief of abdominal pain and bloating in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a pilot study. Dig Dis Sci. 2006 Aug;51:1501-7.
  • Velasco-Rodríguez R, Pérez-Hernández MG, Maturano-Melgoza JA, et al. The effect of aromatherapy with lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) on serum melatonin levels. Complement Ther Med. 2019;47:102208.
  • Veldhuyzen van Zanten, S. J., Talley, N. J., Bytzer, P., Klein, K. B., Whorwell, P. J., and Zinsmeister, A. R. Design of treatment trials for functional gastrointestinal disorders. Gut 1999;45 Suppl 2:II69-II77.
  • Velpandian T, Jasuja R, Bhardwaj RK, et al. Piperine in food: interference in the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2001;26:241-7.
  • Velpandian T, Jasuja R, Bhardwaj RK, et al. Piperine in food: interference in the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2001;26:241-7.
  • Vermaat, H., van Meurs, T., Rustemeyer, T., Bruynzeel, D. P., and Kirtschig, G. Vulval allergic contact dermatitis due to peppermint oil in herbal tea. Contact Dermatitis 2008;58(6):364-365.
  • Vidal, F., Vidal, J. C., Gadelha, A. P., Lopes, C. S., Coelho, M. G., and Monteiro-Leal, L. H. Giardia lamblia: the effects of extracts and fractions from Mentha x piperita Lin. (Lamiaceae) on trophozoites. Exp Parasitol. 2007;115(1):25-31.
  • Vijayakumar, R. S., Surya, D., and Nalini, N. Antioxidant efficacy of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and piperine in rats with high fat diet induced oxidative stress. Redox.Rep. 2004;9(2):105-110.
  • Vijayakumar, R. S., Surya, D., and Nalini, N. Antioxidant efficacy of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and piperine in rats with high fat diet induced oxidative stress. Redox.Rep. 2004;9(2):105-110.
  • Vogt M, Tausch I, Wölbling RH, and et al. [Melissa extract in herpes simplex: a double-blind placebo-controlled study]. Der Allgemeinarzt 1991;13:832-841.
  • Vujosevic, M. and Blagojevic, J. Antimutagenic effects of extracts from sage (Salvia officinalis) in mammalian system in vivo. Acta Vet.Hung. 2004;52(4):439-443.
  • Vukovic-Gacic, B., Simic, D., Knezevic-Vukcevic, J., and Djarmati, Z. Antimutagenic effect of sage (Salvia officinalis L.). Arhiv za Farmaciju 1993;43:257-263.
  • Wake, G., Court, J., Pickering, A., Lewis, R., Wilkins, R., and Perry, E. CNS acetylcholine receptor activity in European medicinal plants traditionally used to improve failing memory. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;69(2):105-114.
  • Wake, G., Court, J., Pickering, A., Lewis, R., Wilkins, R., and Perry, E. CNS acetylcholine receptor activity in European medicinal plants traditionally used to improve failing memory. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;69(2):105-114
  • .
  • Watson K, Hatcher D, Good A. A randomised controlled trial of Lavender (Lavandula Angustifolia) and Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis) essential oils for the treatment of agitated behaviour in older people with and without dementia. Complement Ther Med 2019;42:366-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.12.016.
  • Watson K, Hatcher D, Good A. A randomised controlled trial of Lavender (Lavandula Angustifolia) and Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis) essential oils for the treatment of agitated behaviour in older people with and without dementia. Complement Ther Med 2019;42:366-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.12.016.
  • Weizman Z, Alkrinawi S, Goldfarb D, et al. Efficacy of herbal tea preparation in infantile colic. J Pediatr 1993;122(4):650-652.
  • Widy-Tyszkiewicz, E and Schminda, R. A randomized double blind study of sedative effects of phytotherapeutic containing valerian, hops, balm and motherwort versus placebo. Herb Polon 1997;2:154-159.
  • Wightman EL, Jackson PA, Spittlehouse B, Heffernan T, Guillemet D, Kennedy DO. The acute and chronic cognitive effects of a sage extract: A randomized, placebo controlled study in healthy humans. Nutrients. 2021;13(1):218.
  • Wilfried D, Nina CDG, Silvia B. Effectiveness of Menosan® Salvia officinalis in the treatment of a wide spectrum of menopausal complaints. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Heliyon. 2021;7(2):e05910.
  • Wilkins, T., Pepitone, C., Alex, B., and Schade, R. R. Diagnosis and management of IBS in adults. Am Fam.Physician 9-1-2012;86(5):419-426.
  • Wilkinson JM. What do we know about herbal morning sickness treatments? A literature survey. Midwifery 2000;16:224-8.
  • Wilkinson, L., Scholey, A., and Wesnes, K. Chewing gum selectively improves aspects of memory in healthy volunteers. Appetite 2002;38(3):235-236.
  • Woelk, H. and Schlafke, S. A multi-center, double-blind, randomised study of the Lavender oil preparation Silexan in comparison to Lorazepam for generalized anxiety disorder. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(2):94-99.
  • Wolbling RH and Leonhardt K. Local therapy of herpes simplex with dried extract from Melissa officinalis. Phytomedicine 1994;1:25-31.
  • Wolbling RH and Milbradt R. [Clinical manifestations and treatment of Herpes simplex infections]. Therapiewoche 1984;34:1193-1200.
  • Wolbling RH, Leonhardt K. Local therapy of herpes simplex with dried extract from Melissa officinalis. Phytomedicine 1994;1:25-31.
  • Wong, A. H., Smith, M., and Boon, H. S. Herbal remedies in psychiatric practice. Arch Gen.Psychiatry 1998;55(11):1033-1044.
  • Woronuk, G., Demissie, Z., Rheault, M., and Mahmoud, S. Biosynthesis and therapeutic properties of Lavandula essential oil constituents. Planta Med 2011;77(1):7-15.
  • Wrba, H., el Mofty, M. M., Schwaireb, M. H., and Dutter, A. Carcinogenicity testing of some constituents of black pepper (Piper nigrum). Exp.Toxicol.Pathol. 1992;44(2):61-65.
  • Wrba, H., el Mofty, M. M., Schwaireb, M. H., and Dutter, A. Carcinogenicity testing of some constituents of black pepper (Piper nigrum). Exp.Toxicol.Pathol. 1992;44(2):61-65.
  • Wu J, Xu R, Zhan R, et al. Effective symptomatic treatment for severe and intractable pruritus associated with severe burn-induced hypertrophic scars: A prospective, multicenter, controlled trial. Burns 2016;42(5):1059-66.
  • Wu, T. Y., Chen, C. P., and Jinn, T. R. Traditional Chinese medicines and Alzheimer’s disease. Taiwan.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2011;50(2):131-135.
  • Xavier, C. P., Lima, C. F., Fernandes-Ferreira, M., and Pereira-Wilson, C. Salvia fruticosa, Salvia officinalis, and rosmarinic acid induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation of human colorectal cell lines: the role in MAPK/ERK pathway. Nutr Cancer 2009;61(4):564-571.
  • Xing, F., Tan, Y., Yan, G. J., Zhang, J. J., Shi, Z. H., Tan, S. Z., Feng, N. P., and Liu, C. H. Effects of Chinese herbal cataplasm Xiaozhang Tie on cirrhotic ascites. J Ethnopharmacol. 1-31-2012;139(2):343-349.
  • Xiong M, Li Y, Tang P, Zhang Y, Cao M, Ni J, Xing M. Effectiveness of aromatherapy massage and inhalation on symptoms of depression in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. J Altern Complement Med. 2018;24(7):717-724.
  • Xu, F., Uebaba, K., Ogawa, H., Tatsuse, T., Wang, B. H., Hisajima, T., and Venkatraman, S. Pharmaco-physio-psychologic effect of Ayurvedic oil-dripping treatment using an essential oil from Lavendula angustifolia. J Altern.Complement Med. 2008;14(8):947-956.
  • Yamada K, Kimaki Y, and Ashida Y. Anticonvulsive effects of inhaling lavender oil vapour. Biol Pharm Bull 1994;17(2):359-360.
  • Yamasaki, K., Nakano, M., Kawahata, T., Mori, H., Otake, T., Ueba, N., Oishi, I., Inami, R., Yamane, M., Nakamura, M., Murata, H., and Nakanishi, T. Anti-HIV-1 activity of herbs in Labiatae. Biol.Pharm Bull 1998;21(8):829-833.
  • Yang, B. H., Piao, Z. G., Kim, Y. B., Lee, C. H., Lee, J. K., Park, K., Kim, J. S., and Oh, S. B. Activation of vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) by eugenol. J Dent.Res. 2003;82(10):781-785.
  • Yap WS, Dolzhenko AV, Jalal Z, Hadi MA, Khan TM. Efficacy and safety of lavender essential oil (Silexan) capsules among patients suffering from anxiety disorders: A network meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):18042.
  • Yargholi A, Shirbeigi L, Rahimi R, Mansouri P, Ayati MH. The effect of Melissa officinalis syrup on patients with mild to moderate psoriasis: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMC Res Notes 2021;14(1):253.
  • Yarnell E and Abascal K. Botanical medicines for headache. Alternative & Complementary Therapies (England) 2007;13:148-152.
  • Yazdkhasti M, Pirak A. The effect of aromatherapy with lavender essence on severity of labor pain and duration of labor in primiparous women. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016 Nov;25:81-86.
  • Yip, Y. B. and Tse, S. H. An experimental study on the effectiveness of acupressure with aromatic lavender essential oil for sub-acute, non-specific neck pain in Hong Kong. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2006;12(1):18-26.
  • Yip, Y. B. and Tse, S. H. The effectiveness of relaxation acupoint stimulation and acupressure with aromatic lavender essential oil for non-specific low back pain in Hong Kong: a randomised controlled trial. Complement Ther.Med. 2004;12(1):28-37.
  • Yoon, M. and Kim, M. Y. The anti-angiogenic herbal composition Ob-X from Morus alba, Melissa officinalis, and Artemisia capillaris regulates obesity in genetically obese ob/ob mice. Pharm.Biol. 2011;49(6):614-619.
  • Yu, T. W., Xu, M., and Dashwood, R. H. Antimutagenic activity of spearmint. Environ Mol.Mutagen. 2004;44(5):387-393.
  • Yu, Y. M., Lin, H. C., and Chang, W. C. Carnosic acid prevents the migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells by inhibiting the activation and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9. Br.J Nutr 2008;100(4):731-738.
  • Zanata, R. L., Navarro, M. F., Barbosa, S. H., Lauris, J. R., and Franco, E. B. Clinical evaluation of three restorative materials applied in a minimal intervention caries treatment approach. J Public Health Dent. 2003;63(4):221-226.
  • Zeidabadi A, Yazdanpanahi Z, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Sasani MR, Emamghoreishi M, Akbarzadeh M. The effect of Salvia officinalis extract on symptoms of flushing, night sweat, sleep disorders, and score of forgetfulness in postmenopausal women. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020;9(2):1086-1092.
  • Zhao, C. Z., Wang, Y., Tang, F. D., Zhao, X. J., Xu, Q. P., Xia, J. F., and Zhu, Y. F. [Effect of Spearmint oil on inflammation, oxidative alteration and Nrf2 expression in lung tissue of COPD rats]. Zhejiang.Da.Xue.Xue.Bao.Yi.Xue.Ban. 2008;37(4):357-363.
  • Zheng GQ, Kenney PM, Lam LK. Sesquiterpenes from clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) as potential anticarcinogenic agents. J Nat Prod 1992;55:999-1003.
  • Zuskin, E. and Skuric, Z. Respiratory function in tea workers. Br J Ind Med 1984;41(1):88-93.
  • Zuskin, E., Kanceljak, B., Skuric, Z., and Ivankovic, D. Immunological and respiratory changes in tea workers. Int Arch Occup.Environ.Health 1985;56(1):57-65.
  • Zuskin, E., Kanceljak, B., Witek, T. J., Jr., and Schachter, E. N. Acute effects of herbal tea dust extracts on lung function. Chest 1989;96(6):1327-1331.
  • Zutshi, R. K., Singh, R., Zutshi, U., Johri, R. K., and Atal, C. K. Influence of piperine on rifampicin blood levels in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis. J Assoc.Physicians India 1985;33(3):223-224.
  • Zutshi, R. K., Singh, R., Zutshi, U., Johri, R. K., and Atal, C. K. Influence of piperine on rifampicin blood levels in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis. J Assoc.Physicians India 1985;33(3):223-224.
  • Akdogan M, Ozguner M, Kocak A, et al. Effects of peppermint teas on plasma testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone levels and testicular tissue in rats. Urology 2004;64:394-8.

CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION</h3
This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on our website. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you.

Reviews

There are no reviews yet.

Be the first to review “Spicy Spring™ 40g”